antibioticsАнтибиотики и ХимиотерапияAntibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy0235-2990ООО «Издательство ОКИ»10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-3-4-66-75antibiotics-1021Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSАнтибиотикорезистентность. Вызов современностиAntibacterial Resistance. The Challenge of Modernityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8607-2395ДаудоваА. Д.DaudovaA. D.

Даудова Адиля Джигангировна — к. м. н., доцент кафедры микробиологии и вирусологии

Астрахань

Adilya D. Daudova — Ph. D. in Medicine, Associate Professor of the Department of Microbiology and Virology

Astrakhan

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0428-2570ДеминаЮ. З.DeminaJu. Z.

Демина Юлия Заурбековна — ассистент кафедры микробиологии и вирусологии

Астрахань

Yuliya Z. Demina — Assistant of the Department of Microbiology and Virology

Astrakhan

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-4477ГенатуллинаГ. Н.GenatullinaG. N.

Генатуллина Гузель Наилевна — к. б. н., заместитель руководителя Научно-исследовательского центра, доцент кафедры фармакогнозии, фармацевтической технологии и биотехнологии

Астрахань

Guzel N. Genatullina — Ph. D. in Biology, Deputy Head of theResearch Center, Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology

Astrakhan

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0536-8149АбдрахмановаР. О.AbdrakhmanovaR. O.

Абдрахманова Радмила Охасовна — ассистент кафедры микробиологии и вирусологии

Астрахань

Radmila O. Abdrakhmanova — Assistant of the Department of Microbiology and Virology

Astrakhan

БаеваГ. Р.BaevaG. R.

Баева Гюзель Ренатовна — младший научный сотрудник Научно-исследовательского центра

Астрахань

Guzel R. Baeva — Junior researcher

Astrakhan

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2998-2864ЯсенявскаяА. Л.YasenyavskayaA. L.

Ясенявская Анна Леонидовна — к. м. н., доцент, руководитель Научно-исследовательского центра, доцент кафедры фармакогнозии, фармацевтической технологии и биотехнологии

Бакинская ул., 121, г. Астрахань

Anna L. Yasenyavskaya — Ph. D. in Medicine, Associate Professor, Head of the Research Center, Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology

121 Bakinskaya st., Astrakhan

yasen_9@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2904-9276РубальскийО. В.RubalskyO. V.

Рубальский Олег Васильевич — д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой микробиологии и вирусологии

Астрахань

Oleg V. Rubalsky — D. Sc. in Medicine, Professor, Head of the Department of Microbiology and Virology

Astrakhan

Астраханский государственный медицинский университетРоссияAstrakhan State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202318072023683-46675Copyright © Даудова А.Д., Демина Ю.З., Генатуллина Г.Н., Абдрахманова Р.О., Баева Г.Р., Ясенявская А.Л., Рубальский О.В., 20232023Даудова А.Д., Демина Ю.З., Генатуллина Г.Н., Абдрахманова Р.О., Баева Г.Р., Ясенявская А.Л., Рубальский О.В.Daudova A.D., Demina J.Z., Genatullina G.N., Abdrakhmanova R.O., Baeva G.R., Yasenyavskaya A.L., Rubalsky O.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1021

Устойчивость к противомикробным препаратам рассматривается ВОЗ как одна из наиболее важных угроз общественному здоровью в двадцать первом веке. Согласно прогнозам, к 2025 г., многие антимикробные препараты первого ряда утратят свою эффективность и начнётся «пост-антибиотическая эра». К микроорганизмам, которые играют преимущественную роль в развитии инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи и приводящие к летальным последствиям, американским обществом инфекционных болезней отнесены Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. и представители рода Mycobacterium. В обзоре освещены механизмы антибиотикорезистентности и многие варианты противостояния микробов антибиотикам. Знание молекулярных механизмов формирования устойчивости микроорганизмов позволяет разработать стратегические направления её преодоления. Поиск новых путей предупреждения и преодоления формирования устойчивости возбудителей к антибиотикам является чрезвычайно важной задачей современной медицинской науки. Представлена эффективность гибридных антибиотиков, связанных с химическими соединениями, обладающих различным специфическим воздействием. Перспективным считается применение основного действующего фактора вируса бактерий — эндолизина как в чистом виде, так и в составе гомодимеров, например, лизобелка, представляющего собой комплекс эндолизина с иммуноглобулинами человека. Фаготерапия будущего — это персонализированная фаготерапия, требующая создания библиотеки или банка фагов.

Antimicrobial resistance is considered by WHO as one of the most important threats to public health in the twenty-first century. According to forecasts, by 2025, many first-line antimicrobials will lose their effectiveness and the «post-antibiotic era» will begin. Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. and representatives of the genus Mycobacterium are classified by the American Society of Infectious Diseases as microorganisms that play a predominant role in the development of infections associated with medical care and leading to fatal consequences. The review highlights the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and many variants of microbial resistance to antibiotics. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the formation of resistance of microorganisms allows us to develop strategic directions for overcoming it. The search for new ways to prevent and overcome the formation of resistance of pathogens to antibiotics is an extremely important task of modern medical science. The effectiveness of hybrid antibiotics associated with chemical compounds with various specific effects is presented. The use of the main active factor of the bacterial virus, endolysin, both in its pure form and as part of homodimers, for example, lysoprotein, which is a complex of endolysin with human immunoglobulins, is considered promising. Phage therapy of the future is a personalized phage therapy that requires the creation of a library or bank of phages.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.