antibioticsАнтибиотики и ХимиотерапияAntibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy0235-2990ООО «Издательство ОКИ»10.37489/0235-2990-2023-68-5-6-69-76antibiotics-1042Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSНеспецифические средства медицинской защиты в отношении COVID-19Non-Specific Means of Medical Protection Against COVID-19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1817-0126СизиковаТ. Е.SizikovaT. E.

к. б. н., старший научный сотрудник

Ph. D. in Biology

48cnii@mil.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4137-0190ЛебединскаяЕ. В.LebedinskayaE. V.

к. б. н.

Ph. D. in Biology

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2603-0860ЧухраляО. В.ChukhralyaO. V.

начальник отдела

Department Head

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9714-2085ПетровА. А.PetrovA. A.

начальник управления

Head

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6552-4599ЛебедевВ. Н.LebedevV. N.

д. б. н., профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник

D. Sc. in Biology, Professor, Leading Researcher

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6742-3919БорисевичС. В.BorisevichS. V.

д. б. н., профессор, академик РАН РФ, начальник института ФГБУ «48 ЦНИИ» Минобороны России»

D. Sc. in Biology, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Institute, 48th Central Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation

48cnii@mil.ruФГБУ «48 Центральный научно-исследовательский институт» Минобороны РоссииРоссия48th Central Research InstituteRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияScientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal ProductsRussian Federation202320102023685-66976Copyright © Сизикова Т.Е., Лебединская Е.В., Чухраля О.В., Петров А.А., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В., 20232023Сизикова Т.Е., Лебединская Е.В., Чухраля О.В., Петров А.А., Лебедев В.Н., Борисевич С.В.Sizikova T.E., Lebedinskaya E.V., Chukhralya O.V., Petrov A.A., Lebedev V.N., Borisevich S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1042

В начале 2020 г. человечество столкнулось с пандемией новой коронавирусной инфекции, получившей название COVID-19. Заболевание стало одним из самых контагиозных за всю историю человечества. Среди медицинских средств защиты (МСЗ), которые могут быть использованы для профилактики заболевания и лечения больных COVID-19, важное место занимают неспецифические МСЗ. Целью настоящей работы является анализ и оценка эффективности неспецифических МСЗ в отношении COVID-19. Эти препараты, в соответствие с мишенями их действия, разделяют на две группы. Препараты первой группы либо блокируют вход вируса в клетку, либо ингибируют ферменты, участвующие в репликации вирусной РНК. Другая группа препаратов воздействует на иммунную систему макроорганизма, которая играет определяющую роль в резистентности к инфекции, либо блокирует воспалительные процессы в лёгких. Примером противовирусных препаратов широкого спектра действия, для которых уже установлена активность и в отношении вируса SARS-CoV-2, является фавипиравир. При разработке новых неспецифических МСЗ против COVID-19 важным условием их внедрения в лечебную практику является всесторонняя проверка в представительных рандоминизированных клинических испытаниях.

At the beginning of 2020, humanity faced the pandemic of a novel coronavirus infection – COVID-19. The disease has become one of the most contagious for the entire history of mankind. Among medical means of protection, which can be used for prophylactics and treatment of COVID-19, non-specific medical medical protection means play an important role. The aim of this work is to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of non-specific medical protection means against COVID-19. These medications are divided in two groups in accordance with the targets of their actions. The medications of the first group either block the virus from entering the cell, or inhibit the enzymes involved in viral RNA replication. The other group of medications affects the immune system of a macroorganism, which plays a crucial role in infection resistance, or blocks inflammatory processes in the lungs. Favipiravir is an example of a broad-spectrum antiviral drug with an established activity against SARS-CoV-2 in particular. During the development of new non-specific medical protection means against COVID-19, a comprehensive validation in representative randomized clinical trials is an important condition for their implementation in medical practice.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.