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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/0235-2990-2024-69-3-4-21-30</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ESBHYA</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-1121</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ противовирусной активности различных препаратов на основе 6-фтор-3-гидрокси-2-пиразинкарбоксамида (фавипиравир) в отношении возбудителя COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative Analysis of the Antiviral Activity of Various Drugs Based on 6-Fluoro-3-Hydroxy-2-Pyrazinecarboxamide (Favipiravir) Against COVID-19</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6732-8404</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логинова</surname><given-names>С. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loginova</surname><given-names>S. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Логинова Светлана Яковлевна — д. б. н., ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Московская область, Сергиев Посад</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana Ya. Loginova — D. Sc. in Biology, Leading Researcher </p><p>Sergiev Posad</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5461-3641</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щукина</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Schukina</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щукина Вероника Николаевна — к. б. н., научный сотрудник</p><p>Московская область, Сергиев Посад</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Veronika N. Schukina — Ph. D. in Biology, Researcher </p><p>Sergiev Posad</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5175-916X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савенко</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savenko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савенко Сергей Вадимович — научный сотрудник</p><p>Московская область, Сергиев Посад</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Savenko — Researcher</p><p>Sergiev Posad</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4387-0367</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубцов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubtsov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рубцов Владимир Васильевич — к. в. н., научный сотрудник</p><p>Московская область, Сергиев Посад</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Rubtsov – Ph. D. in Veterinary Sciences, Researcher</p><p>Sergiev Posad</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6742-3919</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисевич</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisevich</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисевич Сергей Владимирович — д. б. н., профессор, академик РАН РФ, начальник института</p><p>Московская область, Сергиев Посад</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Borisevich — D. Sc. in Biology, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head</p><p>Sergiev Posad</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">48cnii@mil.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2877-6148</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чижов</surname><given-names>Д. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chizhov</surname><given-names>D. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чижов Дмитрий Леонидович — к. х. н., старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii L. Chizhov — Ph. D. in Chemistry, Senior Researcher</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8567-9435</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Русинов</surname><given-names>Г. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rusinov</surname><given-names>G. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Русинов Геннадий Леонидович — к. х. н., ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennady L. Rusinov — Ph. D. in Chemistry, Leading Researcher</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-8738</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вербицкий</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Verbitskiy</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вербицкий Егор Владимирович — д. х. н., директор института</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor V. Verbitskiy  — D. Sc. in Chemistry, Director</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9140-358X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чарушин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Charushin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чарушин Валерий Николаевич — д. х. н., заведующий лабораторией</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valery N. Charushin — D. Sc. in Chemistry, Head of the Laboratory</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3213-9838</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котовская</surname><given-names>С. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotovskaya</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котовская Светлана Константиновна — к. х. н., ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana K. Kotovskaya — Ph. D. in Chemistry, Leading Researcher</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1705-4078</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Русинов</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rusinov</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Русинов Владимир Леонидович — д. х. н., профессор, членкорр</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir L. Rusinov  — D. Sc. in Chemistry, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «48 ЦНИИ» Минобороны России»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>48th Central Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт органического синтеза им. И. Я. Постовского Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N.Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>3-4</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Логинова С.Я., Щукина В.Н., Савенко С.В., Рубцов В.В., Борисевич С.В., Чижов Д.Л., Русинов Г.Л., Вербицкий Е.В., Чарушин В.Н., Котовская С.К., Русинов В.Л., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Логинова С.Я., Щукина В.Н., Савенко С.В., Рубцов В.В., Борисевич С.В., Чижов Д.Л., Русинов Г.Л., Вербицкий Е.В., Чарушин В.Н., Котовская С.К., Русинов В.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Loginova S.Y., Schukina V.N., Savenko S.V., Rubtsov V.V., Borisevich S.V., Chizhov D.L., Rusinov G.L., Verbitskiy E.V., Charushin V.N., Kotovskaya S.K., Rusinov V.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1121">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1121</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Пандемия COVID-19, вызванная коронавирусом SARS-CoV-2, унесла миллионы жизней по всему миру. В связи с этим актуальной задачей стал поиск эффективных препаратов, в том числе перепрофилирование уже существующих. Многообещающая стратегия лечения, по-видимому, заключается в нарушении препаратами репродукции вируса. РНК-зависимая РНК-полимераза (RdRp) является центральной субъединицей процесса синтеза РНК для всех РНК-вирусов с положительной цепью и поэтому является привлекательной мишенью для противовирусных ингибиторов.</p><p>Цель работы — экспериментальное изучение противовирусной активности различных препаратов на основе 6-фтор-3-гидрокси-2-пиразинкарбоксамида (фавипиравир) in vitro и in vivo в отношении коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p> Материал и методы. Эксперименты проводили на постоянной культуре клеток почки африканской зелёной мартышки — Vero Cl008. Эффективность препаратов оценивали по подавлению репродукции вируса in vitro. Биологическую активность оценивали титрованием вируссодержащей суспензии в культуре клеток Vero Cl008 по формированию негативных колоний. Использовали сирийских золотистых хомяков, перорально инфицированных вирусом SARS-CoV-2, вариант В. Эффективность препарата оценивали по коэффициенту лечебного действия.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Результаты исследования выявили, что соединения FP-1 и Авифавир в диапазоне концентраций 100–400 мкг/мл/ практически полностью подавляют репродукцию вируса SARS-CoV-2, показатель ХТИ для препарата FP-1 составил 4, Авифавира — 2. Величина ЕД₅₀ для препарата FP-1 составила 26 мкг/мл, Авифавира — 36 мкг/мл. Препараты Т-705 и Коронавир выявили противовирусную активность только в предельно высоких концентрациях. ХТИ составил 1. На сирийских золотистых хомяках, перорально инфицированных вирусом SARS-CoV-2 вариант В в дозе 5×10⁵ БОЕ, показано, что применение Авифавира и FP-1 оказывает высокую протективную эффективность, Коронавир и Т-705 вызывает умеренное купирование размножения вируса в органе-мишени. По комплексу клинико-вирусологических, биохимических и гематологических показателей рассчитаны показатель тяжести течения заболевания (ИТЗ) и коэффициент лечебного действия (КЛД). Для препарата Авифавир ИТЗ составил 0,269; КЛД — 71,3% с вероятностью 99,9%.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Из изученных соединений наиболее высокую противовирусную активность выявили препараты Авифавир и FP–1.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, originated in Wuhan, China, has claimed millions of lives around the world. In this regard, the search for effective drugs, including the repurposing of existing ones, has become an urgent task. A promising treatment strategy appears to be drug disruption of viral reproduction. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is the central subunit of the RNA synthesis process for all positive-strand RNA viruses and is therefore an attractive target for antiviral inhibitors.</p><p>The aim of this work is an experimental study of the antiviral activity of various drugs based on 6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide (Favipiravir) in vitro and in vivo against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19).</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on a permanent culture of African green monkey kidney cells — Vero Cl008. The effectiveness of the drugs was assessed by suppressing the reproduction of the virus in vitro. Biological activity was assessed by titration of the virus-containing suspension in Vero Cl008 cell culture by the formation of negative colonies. Syrian golden hamsters orally infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, variant B, were used in the study. The effectiveness of the drug was assessed by the coefficient of therapeutic action.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The results of the study revealed that the compounds FP-1 and Avifavir in the concentration range of 100–400 µg/ml almost completely suppress the reproduction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus; the CTI index for the drug FP-1 was 4, for Avifavir it was 2. The ED₅₀ value for FP-1 was 26 µg/ml, for Avifavir it was 36 µg/ml. Preparations T-705 and Coronavir revealed antiviral activity only at extremely high concentrations. The CTI was 1. During the study on Syrian golden hamsters orally infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, variant B, at a dose of 5×105 PFU, it was shown that the use of Avifavir and FP-1 has a high protective efficacy, while Coronavir and T-705 cause a moderate suppression of virus reproduction in the target organ. According to the complex of clinical-virological, biochemical, and hematological indicators, the disease severity index (DSI) and the therapeutic index (TI) were calculated. For the drug Avifavir, the DSI was 0.269; the TI was 71.3% with a probability of 99.9%.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Of the studied compounds, Avifavir and FP-1 showed the highest antiviral activity.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID–19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>Vero</kwd><kwd>in vitro</kwd><kwd>противовирусная активность</kwd><kwd>Фавипиравир</kwd><kwd>Авифавир</kwd><kwd>FP-1</kwd><kwd>культура клеток</kwd><kwd>коэффициент лечебного действия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>Vero</kwd><kwd>in vitro</kwd><kwd>antiviral activity</kwd><kwd>Favipiravir</kwd><kwd>Avifavir</kwd><kwd>FP-1</kwd><kwd>cell culture</kwd><kwd>therapeutic index</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agostini M.L., Andres E.L., Sims A.C., Graham R.L., Sheahan T.P., Lu X., Smith E.C., Case J.B., Feng J.Y., Jordan R. et al. 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