<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/0235-2990-2024-69-3-4-95-101</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">MDMDTR</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-1129</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммуногенность, эффективность и безопасность  трёхвалентной инактивированной гриппозной  сплит-вакцины у больных воспалительными заболеваниями суставов, получающих современную противоревматическую терапию</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunogenicity, Effectiveness, and Safety of Trivalent   Inactivated Influenza Split Vaccine in Patients with Inflammatory Joint Diseases Receiving Modern Antirheumatic Therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-337X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баранова Марина Михайловна — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории коморбидных инфекций и вакцинопрофилактики</p><p>Москва</p><p>ResearcherID: JDD0658-2023, Scopus Author ID: 57222430929</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina M. Baranova — junior researcher at the Laboratory of Comorbid Infections and Vaccine Prevention</p><p>Moscow</p><p>ResearcherID: JDD-0658-2023, Scopus Author ID: 57222430929</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baranovamarina103@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4327-6720</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муравьева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muravyeva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Муравьева Наталья Валерьевна — к. м. н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории коморбидных инфекций и вакцинопрофилактики</p><p>Москва</p><p>ResearcherID: AAF-4853-2021. Scopus Author ID: 57210263706</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Muravyeva — Ph. D. in Medicine, Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Comorbid Infections and Vaccine Prevention</p><p>Moscow</p><p>ResearcherID: AAF-4853-2021. Scopus Author ID: 57210263706 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7091-2054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белов</surname><given-names>Б. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belov</surname><given-names>B. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белов Борис Сергеевич — д. м. н., заведующий лабораторией коморбидных инфекций и вакцинопрофилактики</p><p>Москва</p><p>ResearcherID: ABD-2219-2020.  Scopus Author ID: 7004592537 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris S. Belov — D. Sc. in Medicine, Head of the Laboratory of Comorbid Infections and Vaccine Prevention</p><p>Moscow</p><p>ResearcherID: ABD-2219-2020. Scopus Author ID: 7004592537 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6404-0042</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Диатроптов</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Diatroptov</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Диатроптов Михаил Евгеньевич — д. б. н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии и молекулярной биологии ревматических заболеваний</p><p>Москва</p><p>ResearcherID: ААЕ-8411-2019. Scopus Author ID: 8960133600 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail E. Diatroptov — D. Sc. in Biology, Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology of Rheumatic Diseases</p><p>Moscow</p><p>ResearcherID: AAE-8411-2019. Scopus Author ID: 8960133600 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буханова</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bukhanova</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Буханова Дарья Валерьевна — к. м. н., медицинский советник</p><p>Москва</p><p>ResearcherID: KFA9103-2024. Scopus Author ID: 57194624616 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria V. Bukhanova — Ph. D. in Medicine, medical advisor </p><p>Moscow</p><p>ResearcherID: KFA-9103-2024. Scopus Author ID: 57194624616 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В. А. Насоновой<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">V. A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">АО Р-ФАРМ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">JSC R-PHARM<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>3-4</issue><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баранова М.М., Муравьева Н.В., Белов Б.С., Диатроптов М.Е., Буханова Д.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баранова М.М., Муравьева Н.В., Белов Б.С., Диатроптов М.Е., Буханова Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baranova M.M., Muravyeva N.V., Belov B.S., Diatroptov M.E., Bukhanova D.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1129">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1129</self-uri><abstract><p>Имеющиеся в настоящее время данные крупных когортных исследований свидетельствуют о значимом нарастании заболеваемости гриппом среди больных иммуно-воспалительными ревматическими заболеваниями (ИВРЗ) по сравнению с популяцией, что обуславливает важность проведения профилактических мероприятий, в том числе вакцинации, у этих пациентов. Однако данные по иммуногенности, эффективности и безопасности гриппозных вакцин у больных ревматоидным артритом (РА), анкилозирующим спондилитом (АС) и псориатическим артритом (ПсА), получающих современную противоревматическую терапию, ограничены.</p><p> Цель исследования — изучить иммуногенность, эффективность и безопасность трёхвалентной инактивированной гриппозной сплитвакцины у больных воспалительными заболеваниями суставов (ВЗС): РА, АС и ПсА, наблюдавшихся в ФГБНУ НИИР им. В. А. Насоновой.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В открытое проспективное сравнительное исследование было включено 74 пациента с РА, 62 — АС, 14 — ПсА (из них женщин — 86, мужчин — 64) и 97 человек контрольной группы (КГ) без ИВРЗ. Набор пациентов осуществляли на протяжении шести эпидемических сезонов: 2016–2017, 2017–2018, 2018– 2019, 2020–2021, 2021–2022, 2022–2023 гг. Большинство пациентов (78,7%) на момент включения в исследование получали иммуносупрессивную терапию. Трёхвалентную инактивированную гриппозную сплит-вакцину вводили в количестве 1 дозы (0,5 мл) внутримышечно на фоне проводимой противоревматической терапии независимо от активности основного ИВРЗ. Уровень антител (АТ) класса G к гемагглютинину (ГА) вирусов гриппа А (H1N1), A (H3N2) и B определяли в единицах оптической плотности (ед. ОП) с помощью иммуноферментных тест-систем (ООО «ППДП» г. Санкт-Петербург) исходно, через 1–3 мес. после вакцинации и через 6 мес. после вакцинации. Также оценивали клиническую эффективность и безопасность трёхвалентной инактивированной гриппозной сплитвакцины, в т. ч. влияние на течение РА, АС и ПсА по динамике индексов активности заболеваний.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. После вакцинации отмечено значимое повышение уровня АТ у больных РА, АС и ПсА. К визиту III (6 мес. после вакцинации) отмечалось некоторое снижение иммунного ответа, однако уровень АТ оставался достоверно выше исходного для всех штаммов вируса гриппа, за исключением гриппа В в группе больных РА. За время наблюдения эпизоды гриппа или гриппоподобного заболевания (ГПЗ) отсутствовали у 98,6% пациентов, завершивших исследование. Негативного влияния вакцинации на активность основного ИВРЗ не отмечено. Частота поствакцинальных реакций (ПВР) у больных и в КГ была сопоставима.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Полученные результаты исследования свидетельствуют о достаточной иммуногенности, клинической эффективности и безопасности трёхвалентной инактивированной гриппозной сплит-вакцины у больных РА, АС и ПсА.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>According to the currently available data from large cohort studies, patients with immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IIRDs) are at increased risk of infectious complications, including influenza, compared to the general population. Vaccinations are a critical component of their care. However, data on the immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of influenza vaccines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) receiving modern anti-rheumatic drugs are limited.</p><p>The aim of the study was to investigate the immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of the trivalent inactivated influenza split vaccine in patients with RA, AS and PsA, observed at the V. A. Nasonova Research Institute.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The open prospective comparative study included 247 patients: 74 patients with RA, 62 patients with AS, 14 patients with PsA, as well as 97 people without IIRDs who comprised the control group (СG). The patients were selected over six epidemic seasons: 2016–2017, 2017–2018, 2018–2019, 2020–2021, 2021–2022, and 2022–2023. The majority of patients (78,7%) received immunosuppressive therapy at the time of inclusion in the study. The trivalent inactivated influenza split vaccine was administered in an amount of 1 dose (0,5 ml) intramuscularly against the background of anti-rheumatic therapy, regardless of the activity of the main IIRD. The level of class G antibodies to hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A (H1N1), A (H3N2), and B viruses was determined in optical density units (OD units) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PPDP LLC, St. Petersburg) before vaccination, 1–3 and 6 months after vaccination. The clinical efficacy and safety of the trivalent inactivated influenza split vaccine were also evaluated, including the effect on the course of RA, AS, and PsA according to the dynamics of disease activity indices.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. After vaccination, a significant increase in the level of antibodies was observed in patients with RA, AS, and PsA. At the second visit after vaccination the level of antibodies, determined in units of optical density, to HA of influenza A (H1N1), A (H3N2) and B was significantly higher compared to baseline values. By the third visit (6 months after vaccination), there was a slight decrease in the immune response, but the level of antibodies remained significantly higher than the initial level for all strains of influenza virus, with the exception of influenza B in the group of patients with RA. During follow-up, influenza or influenza-like illness was absent in 98,6% of patients who completed the study. No negative effect of vaccination on the activity of the underlying IIRD was noted. The frequency of post-vaccination reactions in patients with IIRDs and in the СG was comparable.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The results obtained in the study indicate sufficient immunogenicity, clinical efficacy, and safety of the trivalent inactivated influenza split vaccine in patients with RA, AS, and PsA.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>грипп</kwd><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>анкилозирующий спондилит</kwd><kwd>псориатический артрит</kwd><kwd>вакцинация</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>иммуногенность</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>influenza</kwd><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>ankylosing spondylitis</kwd><kwd>psoriatic arthritis</kwd><kwd>vaccination</kwd><kwd>efficacy</kwd><kwd>immunogenicity</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blumentals W.A., Arreglado A., Napalkov P., Toovey S. Rheumatoid arthritis and the incidence of influenza and influenza-related complications: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012 Aug 27; 13: 158. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-158.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blumentals W.A., Arreglado A., Napalkov P., Toovey S. Rheumatoid arthritis and the incidence of influenza and influenza-related complications: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012 Aug 27; 13: 158. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-158.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bello S.L., Serafino L., Bonali C., Terlizzi N., Fanizza C., Anecchino C., Lapaldula G. Incidence of influenza-like illness into a cohort of patients affected by chronic inflammatory rheumatism and treated with biological agents. Reumatismo. 2012 Dec 11; 64 (5): 299–306. doi: 10.4081/reumatismo.2012.299.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bello S.L., Serafino L., Bonali C., Terlizzi N., Fanizza C., Anecchino C., Lapaldula G. Incidence of influenza-like illness into a cohort of patients affected by chronic inflammatory rheumatism and treated with biological agents. Reumatismo. 2012 Dec 11; 64 (5): 299–306. doi: 10.4081/reumatismo.2012.299.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bower H., Frisell T., Di Giuseppe D., Delcoigne B., Askling J. Influenza outcomes in patients with inflammatory joint diseases and DMARDs: how do they compare to those of COVID-19? Ann Rheum Dis. 2022; 81 (3): 433–439. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221461.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bower H., Frisell T., Di Giuseppe D., Delcoigne B., Askling J. Influenza outcomes in patients with inflammatory joint diseases and DMARDs: how do they compare to those of COVID-19? Ann Rheum Dis. 2022; 81 (3): 433–439. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221461.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osterholm M.T., Kelley N.S., Sommer A., Belongia E.A. Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012; 12 (1): 36–44. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70295-X.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osterholm M.T., Kelley N.S., Sommer A., Belongia E.A. Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012; 12 (1): 36–44. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70295-X.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Furer V., Rondaan C., Heijstek M.W., Agmon-Levin N., van Assen S. et al. 2019 update of EULAR recommendations for vaccination in adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020; 79 (1): 39–52. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215882.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Furer V., Rondaan C., Heijstek M.W., Agmon-Levin N., van Assen S. et al. 2019 update of EULAR recommendations for vaccination in adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020; 79 (1): 39–52. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215882.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bass A.R., Chakravarty E., Akl E.A., Bingham C.O., Calabrese L. et al. 2022 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for Vaccinations in Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2023; 75 (3): 449–464. doi: 10.1002/acr.25045.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bass A.R., Chakravarty E., Akl E.A., Bingham C.O., Calabrese L. et al. 2022 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for Vaccinations in Patients With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2023; 75 (3): 449–464. doi: 10.1002/acr.25045.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Национальная ассоциация специалистов по инфекционным болезням имени академика В. И. Покровского, Российское научное общество терапевтов. Клинические рекомендации Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации: Грипп у взрослых. 2022. Электронный ресурс — Режим доступа: https: //medi.ru/klinicheskie-rekomendatsii/gripp-u-vzroslyh_27700/. Дата обращения: 23.01.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Association of Infectious Disease Specialists named after Acad-emician V. I. Pokrovsky, Russian Scientific Society of Therapists Clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation: Influenza in adults. 2022. Elektronnyj resurs — Rezhim dostupa: https: //medi.ru/klinicheskie-rekomendatsii/gripp-u-vzroslyh_27700/. Data obrashcheniya: 23.01.2024. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Friedman M.A., Curtis J.R., Winthrop K.L. Impact of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs on vaccine immunogenicity in patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 Oct; 80 (10): 1255–1265. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221244.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Friedman M.A., Curtis J.R., Winthrop K.L. Impact of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs on vaccine immunogenicity in patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 Oct; 80 (10): 1255–1265. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221244.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park J.K., Lee Y.J., Shin K., Ha Y.J., Lee E.Y., Song Y.W., Choi Y., Winthrop K.L., Lee E.B. Impact of temporary methotrexate discontinuation for 2 weeks on immunogenicity of seasonal influenza vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised clinical trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 Jun; 77 (6): 898–904. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213222.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park J.K., Lee Y.J., Shin K., Ha Y.J., Lee E.Y., Song Y.W., Choi Y., Winthrop K.L., Lee E.B. Impact of temporary methotrexate discontinuation for 2 weeks on immunogenicity of seasonal influenza vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised clinical trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 Jun; 77 (6): 898–904. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213222.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miossi R., Fuller R., Moraes J.C., Ribeiro A.C., Saad C.G., Aikawa N.E., Miraglia J.L., Ishida M.A., Bonfa E., Caleiro M.T. Immunogenicity of influenza H1N1 vaccination in mixed connective tissue disease: effect of disease and therapy. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2013; 68 (2): 129–34. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2013(02)oa02.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miossi R., Fuller R., Moraes J.C., Ribeiro A.C., Saad C.G., Aikawa N.E., Miraglia J.L., Ishida M.A., Bonfa E., Caleiro M.T. Immunogenicity of influenza H1N1 vaccination in mixed connective tissue disease: effect of disease and therapy. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2013; 68 (2): 129–34. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2013(02)oa02.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elkayam O., Amir S., Mendelson E., Schwaber M., Grotto I., Wollman J., Arad U., Brill A., Paran D., Levartovsky D., Wigler I., Caspi D., Mandelboim M. Efficacy and safety of vaccination against pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus among patients with rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Jul; 63 (7): 1062–7. doi: 10.1002/acr.20465.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elkayam O., Amir S., Mendelson E., Schwaber M., Grotto I., Wollman J., Arad U., Brill A., Paran D., Levartovsky D., Wigler I., Caspi D., Mandelboim M. Efficacy and safety of vaccination against pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus among patients with rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Jul; 63 (7): 1062–7. doi: 10.1002/acr.20465.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
