antibioticsАнтибиотики и ХимиотерапияAntibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy0235-2990ООО «Издательство ОКИ»10.37489/0235-2990-2024-69-9-10-61-70KMMVLHantibiotics-1187Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSКлиническая метагеномика — новый подход в диагностике инфекционных заболеваний человекаClinical Metagenomics: a New Approach to Diagnostics of Infectious DiseasesГостевВ. В.GostevV. V.

Гостев Владимир Валерьевич — к. б. н., старший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела медицинской микробиологии и молекулярной эпидемиологии; доцент кафедры медицинской микробиологии

Санкт-Петербург 

Vladimir V. Gostev — Ph. D. in Biology, Senior Researcher at the Research Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology; Associate Professor, Department of Medical Microbiology

Saint Petersburg 

guestvv11@gmail.comЖелезоваЛ. И.GelezovaL. I.

Железова Людмила Ильинична — к. м. н., старший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела медицинской микробиологии и молекулярной эпидемиологии

Санкт-Петербург 

Ludmila I. Gelezova — Ph. D. in Medicine, Senior Researcher at the Research Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology

Saint Petersburg 

ЧулковаП. С.ChulkovaP. S.

Чулкова Полина Сергеевна — младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела медицинской микробиологии и молекулярной эпидемиологии

Санкт-Петербург 

Polina S. Chulkova — Junior Researcher at the Research Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology

Saint Petersburg 

АвдееваА. А.AvdeevaA. A.

Авдеева Алиса Александровна — лаборант-исследователь научно-исследовательского отдела медицинской микробиологии и молекулярной эпидемиологии

Санкт-Петербург 

Alisa A. Avdeeva — Laboratory assistant-researcher at the Research Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology

Saint Petersburg 

КалиногорскаяО. С.KalinogorskayaO. S.

Калиногорская Ольга Серафимовна — к. м. н., научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела медицинской микробиологии и молекулярной эпидемиологии

Санкт-Петербург 

Olga S. Kalinogorskaya — Ph. D. in Medicine, Research Fellow at the Research Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology

Saint Petersburg 

АгеевецВ. А.AgeevetsV. A.

Агеевец Владимир Андреевич — к. б. н., научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела медицинской микробиологии и молекулярной эпидемиологии

Санкт-Петербург 

Vladimir A. Ageevets — Ph. D. in Biology, Research Fellow at the Research Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology

Saint Petersburg 

ЦветковаИ. А.TsvetkovaI. A.

Цветкова Ирина Анатольевна — к. б. н., младший научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела медицинской микробиологии и молекулярной эпидемиологии; ассистент кафедры микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии

Санкт-Петербург 

Irina A. Tsvetkova — Ph. D. in Biology, Junior Researcher at the Research Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology; Assistant at the Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology

Saint Petersburg 

ЖуравлевА. В.ZhuravlevA. V.

Журавлев Антон Вячеславович — врач-инфекционист гепатологического центра; аспирант

Санкт-Петербург 

Anton V. Zhuravlev — Infectious disease specialist at the Hepatology Center; postgraduate student

Saint Petersburg 

СидоренкоС. В.SidorenkoS. V.

Сидоренко Сергей Владимирович — д. м. н., профессор, чл.-корр. РАН, заведующий научно-исследовательским отделом медицинской микробиологии и молекулярной эпидемиологии; профессор кафедры медицинской микробиологии

Санкт-Петербург 

Sergey V. Sidorenko — D. Sc. in Medicine, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Research Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology; Professor of the Department of Medical Microbiology

Saint Petersburg 

ФГБУ «Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней ФМБА России» ; ФГБОУ ВО Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. Мечникова Минздрава РоссииРоссияPediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases under the Federal Medical Biological Agency ; North-Western State Medical University Named After I. I. MechnikovRussian FederationФГБУ «Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней ФМБА России»РоссияPediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases under the Federal Medical Biological AgencyRussian FederationФГБУ «Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней ФМБА России» ; ФГБОУ ВО Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический университет Минздрава РоссииРоссияPediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases under the Federal Medical Biological Agency ; St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationФГБУ «Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней ФМБА России» ; СПб ГБУЗ «Клиническая инфекционная больница им. С. П. Боткина»РоссияPediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases under the Federal Medical Biological Agency ; Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S. P. BotkinRussian Federation202425102024699-106170Copyright © Гостев В.В., Железова Л.И., Чулкова П.С., Авдеева А.А., Калиногорская О.С., Агеевец В.А., Цветкова И.А., Журавлев А.В., Сидоренко С.В., 20252025Гостев В.В., Железова Л.И., Чулкова П.С., Авдеева А.А., Калиногорская О.С., Агеевец В.А., Цветкова И.А., Журавлев А.В., Сидоренко С.В.Gostev V.V., Gelezova L.I., Chulkova P.S., Avdeeva A.A., Kalinogorskaya O.S., Ageevets V.A., Tsvetkova I.A., Zhuravlev A.V., Sidorenko S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1187

Несмотря на значительные успехи фундаментальных биологических и медицинских наук, инфекционные болезни остаются на глобальном уровне одной из ведущих причин смертей. Диагностика жизнеугрожающих состояний, таких как бактериемия, сепсис, менингит и энцефалит не редко ограничена низкой чувствительностью культурального метода. Использование ПЦР, как и разных серологических подходов, ограничено набором специфических праймеров, ДНК-зондов, антител и антигенов, которые специфичны только для узкого круга возможных потенциальных возбудителей. Точная и своевременная лабораторная диагностика инфекционных заболеваний имеет критическое значение. В последнее десятилетие сформировалось отдельное направление — клиническая метагеномика, как новый подход в медицинской микробиологии. Это диагностика без постановки клинической гипотезы (hypothesis free diagnostics), поскольку метод позволяет выявить потенциально любой патоген, в независимости от его биологической природы. В обзоре рассматриваются возможности и эффективность использования методов метагеномного секвенирования для идентификации бактериальных, вирусных, грибковых и паразитарных возбудителей инфекционных заболеваний человека.

Globally, infectious diseases continue to be one of the leading causes of death, even in the face of substantial advancements in basic biological and medical sciences. Diagnostics of life-threatening conditions, including bacteremia, sepsis, meningitis, and encephalitis, is frequently constrained by the low sensitivity associated with culture methods. The application of PCR and various serological methods is constrained by a defined set of specific primers, DNA probes, antibodies, and antigens that are restricted to a limited range of potential pathogens. The accuracy and timeliness of laboratory diagnostics for infectious diseases are critical. In the past decade, a new discipline has emerged — clinical metagenomics, representing a novel approach in medical microbiology. Because clinical metagenomics can identify potentially any pathogen, regardless of its biological nature, it is a hypothesis-free diagnostic approach. The benefits and efficiency of using metagenomic methods of sequencing to identify bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic pathogens of infectious diseases in humans are discussed in this review.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.