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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/0235-2990-2024-69-11-12-59-66</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">LKBMNT</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-1206</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GUIDELINES FOR PRACTITIONERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Чувствительность штаммов Klebsiella pneumoniae, выделенных от больных COVID-19, к коммерчески доступным препаратам бактериофагов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Susceptibility of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strains Isolated from COVID-19 Patients to Commercially Available Bacteriophage Medications</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6890-8096</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асланов</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aslanov</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Асланов Батырбек Исмелович – д. м. н., заведующий кафедрой эпидемиологии, паразитологии и дезинфектологии; заведующий лабораторией молекулярной эпидемиологии и исследований бактериофагов.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Batyrbek I. Aslanov — D. Sc. in Medicine, Head of the Department of Epidemiology, Parasitology, and Disinfection; Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Bacteriophage Research, North-West SMU named after I. I. Mechnikov of the Ministry of Health of the RF.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5206-6656</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончаров</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гончаров Артемий Евгеньевич – д. м. н., заведующий лабораторией функциональной геномики и протеомики микроорганизмов ФГБНУ Институт экспериментальной медицины; профессор кафедры эпидемиологии, паразитологии и дезинфектологии; ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии и исследований бактериофагов ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный ГМУ им. И. И. Мечникова» МР.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artemiy E. Goncharov — D. Sc. in Medicine, Head of the Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Microorganisms, Institute of Experimental Medicine; Professor of the Department of Epidemiology, Parasitology, and Disinfection; Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Bacteriophage Research, North-Western SMU named after I. I. Mechnikov of the Ministry of Health of the RF.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">phage1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1919-4725</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конев</surname><given-names>С. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konev</surname><given-names>S. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Конев Сергей Дмитриевич — аспирант кафедры эпидемиологии, паразитологтии и дезинфектологии ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный ГМУ им. И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава России, начальник отдела эпидемиологии СПбГУ, КВМТ им. Н. И. Пирогова.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei D. Konev — postgraduate student of the Department of Epidemiology, Parasitology, and Disinfection, North-West SMU named after I. I. Mechnikov, Head of the Department of Epidemiology at Pirogov Clinic of High Medical Technologies, Saint-Petersburg SU.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1519-5299</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мохов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mochov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мохов Алексей Сергеевич — к. м. н., ассистент кафедры эпидемиологии, паразитологии и дезинфектологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey S. Mochov — Ph. D. in Medicine, Assistant at the Department of Epidemiology, Parasitology, and Disinfection, North-West SMU named after I. I. Mechnikov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-5144</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азаров</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Azarov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Азаров Даниил Валерьевич — к. м. н., заведующий лабораторией инновационных методов микробиологического мониторинга НОЦ НЦМУ Центр персонализированной медицины ФГБНУ Институт экспериментальной медицины; старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии и исследований бактериофагов ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный ГМУ им. И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава России.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil V. Azarov — Ph. D. in Medicine, Head of the Laboratory of Innovative Methods of Microbiological Monitoring, Scientific and Educational Center of the National Center of Medical Sciences, Center for Personalized Medicine, Institute of Experimental Medicine; Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Bacteriophage Research, NorthWest SMU named after I. I. Mechnikov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9547-0192</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>E. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лебедева Екатерина Андреевна — к. м. н., асcистент кафедры эпидемиологии, паразитологии и дезинфектологии; старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной эпидемиологии и исследований бактериофагов ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный ГМУ им. И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава России.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Lebedeva — Ph. D. in Medicine, Assistant at the Department of Epidemiology, Parasitology, and Disinfection; Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Bacteriophage Research, North-West SMU named after I. I. Mechnikov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4744-8079</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулешова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuleshova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кулешова Алена Витальевна — заведующий бактериологической лаборатории, научный сотрудник.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alyona V. Kuleshova — Head of the Bacteriological Laboratory, Researcher.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-211X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колоджиева</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolodzhieva</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колоджиева Виктория Васильевна — к. м. н., доцент кафедры эпидемиологии, паразитологии и дезинфектологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktoria V. Kolodzhieva — Ph. D. in Medicine, Associate Professor at the Department of Epidemiology, Parasitology, and Disinfection.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6667-2377</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колосовская</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolosovskaya</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колосовская Елена Николаевна — профессор кафедры эпидемиологии, паразитологии и дезинфектологии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Kolosovskaya — Professor of the Department of Epidemiology, Parasitology and Disinfection,</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4643-0030</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нифонтова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nifontova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нифонтова Анна Михайловна — аспирант.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna M. Nifontova — postgraduate student.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3643-7354</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лиознов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lioznov</surname><given-names>D, A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лиознов Дмитрий Анатольевич — д. м. н., профессор, директор ФГБУ «НИИ гриппа им. А. А. Смородинцева» Минздрава России; заведующий кафедрой инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии ФГБОУ ВО ПСПбГМУ им. И. П. Павлова Минздрава России.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Lioznov — D. Sc. in Medicine, Professor, Head of Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza; Head of the Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology.</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт экспериментальной медицины; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Experimental Medicine; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov; Saint-Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский научно-исследовательский институт гематологии и трансфузиологии ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НИИ гриппа им. А.А. Смородинцева» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «НИИ гриппа им. А.А. Смородинцева» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. И.П. Павлова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza; Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>11-12</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Асланов Б.И., Гончаров А.Е., Конев С.Д., Мохов А.С., Азаров Д.В., Лебедева Е.А., Кулешова А.В., Колоджиева В.В., Колосовская Е.Н., Нифонтова А.М., Лиознов Д.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Асланов Б.И., Гончаров А.Е., Конев С.Д., Мохов А.С., Азаров Д.В., Лебедева Е.А., Кулешова А.В., Колоджиева В.В., Колосовская Е.Н., Нифонтова А.М., Лиознов Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aslanov B.I., Goncharov A.E., Konev S.D., Mochov A.S., Azarov D.A., Lebedeva E.А., Kuleshova A.V., Kolodzhieva V.V., Kolosovskaya E.N., Nifontova A.M., Lioznov D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1206">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1206</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Суперинфекция, обусловленная Klebsiella pneumoniae, занимает лидирующие позиции в структуре бактериальных осложнений у больных COVID-19. Интенсивная циркуляция клебсиелл в условиях специализированных стационаров способствовала закреплению наиболее клинически и эпидемически значимых штаммов данного возбудителя, в частности представителей гипервирулентных и карбапенеморезистентных клональных линий, не теряющих актуальности и в постпандемический период. Применение бактериофагов в качестве лечебных и противоэпидемических средств представляется обоснованным с учётом широкого распространения мультиантибиотикорезистентных штаммов K. pneumoniae.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Оценка чувствительности штаммов K. pneumoniae, ассоциированных с нозокомиальными инфекциями у больных COVID-19, к поливалентным препаратам бактериофагов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование были включены 96 неповторяющихся штаммов K. pneumoniae, выделенных в период с мая 2020 г. по январь 2021 г. из клинического материала больных тяжёлыми и среднетяжёлыми формами COVID-19, поступивших в крупный стационар г. Санкт-Петербурга. Оценку чувствительности клинических штаммов к бактериофагам проводили методом споттеста. Для тестирования использовали коммерчески доступные препараты бактериофагов: пиобактериофаг поливалентный очищенный, секстафаг и пиобактериофаг клебсиелл поливалентный очищенный. Для выявления вероятных механизмов фагорезистентности госпитальных штаммов K. pneumoniae были изучены нуклеотидные последовательности генома 6 штаммов данного возбудителя, отнесённых к доминирующим в стационаре генетическим линиям ST3, ST39, ST307, ST395, ST874.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Отрицательные результаты спот-тестов наблюдали в 32,29% (95% ДИ=23,8–42,2) случаев. Доля пациентов, в отношении которых могла быть применена фаготерапия, составила 49% (95% ДИ=39,2–58,8). В структуре геномов изученных штаммов идентифицированы потенциально ассоциированные с резистентностью к бактериофагам CRISPR-Cas локусы 1 класса субтипов IV-A3 и I-E, а также ряд профаговых последовательностей.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В исследовании продемонстрирована невысокая активность поливалентных бактериофаговых препаратов в отношении штаммов K. pneumoniae, вызывающих нозокомиальные инфекции у больных COVID-19. Расширение возможностей фаготерапии клебсиеллёзных инфекций может быть реализовано за счёт увеличения разнообразия штаммов бактериофагов, активных в отношении эпидемически актуальных клонов K. pneumoniae. Рациональное применение, включающее данные бактериофаги, возможно в рамках персонализированной фаготерапии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Superinfection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae occupies a leading position in the structure of bacterial complications in COVID-19 patients. The intensive circulation of Klebsiella in specialised hospitals has contributed to the consolidation of the most clinically and epidemiologically important strains of this pathogen, in particular, representatives of hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant clonal lines, which have not lost their relevance even in the post-pandemic period. The use of bacteriophages as therapeutic and anti-epidemic agents seems justified given the widespread use of multidrugresistant strains of K. pneumoniae.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim of the study</title><p>Aim of the study. To evaluate the susceptibility of K. pneumoniae strains associated with nosocomial infections in patients with COVID-19 to polyvalent bacteriophage medications.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included 96 non-repeating K. pneumoniae strains isolated from clinical material of patients admitted to a major hospital in St. Petersburg with severe and moderate forms of COVID-19 from May 2020 to January 2021. The susceptibility of clinical strains to bacteriophages was assessed using the spot test analysis. Commercially available bacteriophage preparations used for testing included the following: purified polyvalent pyobacteriophage, sextaphage, and purified polyvalent Klebsiella pyobacteriophage. In order to identify the probable mechanisms of resistance of hospital strains of K. pneumoniae, the nucleotide sequences of the genomes of 6 strains of this pathogen belonging to the dominant hospital genetic lines ST3, ST39, ST307, ST395, ST874 were studied.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Negative results of spot tests were observed in 32.29% (95% CI=23.8–42.2) of cases; in general, the proportion of patients eligible for treatment with phage therapy was 49% (95% CI=39.2–58.8). Loci of class 1 subtypes IV-A3 and I-E, potentially associated with resistance to CRISPR-Cas, were identified in the genome structure of the studied strains, as well as a number of prophage sequences potentially associated with resistance to bacteriophages.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The study demonstrated low activity of polyvalent bacteriophage medications against K. pneumoniae strains causing nosocomial infections in patients with COVID-19. Increasing the diversity of bacteriophage strains active against epidemiologically relevant K. pneumoniae clones can expand the possibilities of phage therapy for Klebsiella infections. The rational use of medications containing these bacteriophages is possible within the paradigm of personalised phage therapy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Klebsiella pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>фаготерапия</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>чувствительность к бактериофагам</kwd><kwd>спот-тест</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Klebsiella pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>phage therapy</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>sensitivity to bacteriophages</kwd><kwd>spot test</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счёт гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-1520022, https://rscf.ru/project/24-15-20022/ и за счёт гранта Санкт-Петербургского научного фонда № 24-15-20022</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou F., Yu T., Du R., Fan G., Liu Y., Liu Z., Xiang J., Wang Y., Song B., Gu X., Guan L., Wei Y., Li H., Wu X., Xu J., Tu S., Zhang Y., Chen H., Cao B. 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