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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/0235-2990-2024-69-11-12-110-120</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">TXCJVE</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-1213</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ структуры возбудителей инвазивных микозов и развития их устойчивости к противогрибковым препаратам</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structure of Pathogens Causing Invasive Mycoses and the Development of Their Resistance to Antifungal Drugs</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5098-5379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Автономова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avtonomova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Автономова Анастасия Витальевна — к. б. н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории биосинтеза биологически активных соединений.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia V. Avtonomova — Ph. D. in Biology, Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Biologically Active Substances.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nomova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0391-0339</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краснопольская</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnopolskaya</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснопольская Лариса Михайловна — д. б. н., ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующая лаборатории биосинтеза биологически активных соединений.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larissa M. Krasnopolskaya — D. Sc. in Biology, Leading researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Biologically Active Substances.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт по изысканию новых антибиотиков им. Г.Ф. Гаузе»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Gause Institute of New Antibiotics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>11-12</issue><fpage>110</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Автономова А.В., Краснопольская Л.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Автономова А.В., Краснопольская Л.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Avtonomova A.V., Krasnopolskaya L.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1213">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1213</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние десятилетия возросло количество случаев инвазивных микозов, в том числе из-за увеличивающегося числа иммунокомпрометированных пациентов. Основными возбудителями инвазивных микозов являются патогенные грибы из родов Candida и Aspergillus. Участились случаи микозов, вызываемых представителями порядка Mucorales, рода Fusarium. В 2022 г. ВОЗ впервые опубликовала ранжированный перечень грибковых патогенов, опасных для здоровья человека, в том числе вызывающих инвазивные микозы. Наибольшую долю возбудителей инвазивных микозов, возникающих в отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии, занимают представители рода Candida. Частота встречаемости Candida albicans, как возбудителя, постепенно снижается с 70–80%, выявляемых в конце 20 века, до 40-60% в последние годы. Доля кандидозов, вызываемых Nakaseomyces glabratus и Candida parapsilosis, напротив, растет. Для лечения инвазивных микозов используют ограниченное число лекарственных препаратов из групп полиенов, азолов, эхинокандинов и фторпиримидинов (флуцитозин). Число устойчивых к антимикотикам штаммов патогенных грибов постоянно растёт во всем мире. Основными факторами устойчивости к антимикотикам у грибов является внутренняя резистентность вида, а также длительный приём противогрибковых препаратов. Ко всем используемым противогрибковым препаратам выявлены устойчивые/низко чувствительные изоляты патогенов и установлены механизмы резистентности. Стратегия борьбы с проблемой увеличения случаев инвазивных микозов должна включать оптимизацию протоколов лечения существующими лекарственными препаратами, фундаментальные исследования механизмов устойчивости патогенных грибов к лекарственным препаратам, разработку путей преодоления резистентности, в том числе с помощью поиска новых антимикотиков.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>During the last decades, the number of cases of invasive mycoses has risen dramatically, and one of the reasons for that is the rise in the number of immunocompromised patients. The main causative agents of invasive mycoses are the pathogenic fungi from Candida and Aspergillus genera. The cases of invasive mycoses caused by the fungi from Mucorales order, Fusarium genus (sometimes from other taxa) also became more frequent. In 2022, WHO published for the first time a ranked list of fungal pathogens dangerous to human health, including the ones causing invasive mycoses. The most cases of invasive mycoses in intensive care units are caused by the causative agents from the Candida genus. The frequency of detection of Candida albicans as a causative agent has decreased from 70–80% in the end of 20th century to 40–60% in recent years. In contrast, the number of candidiasis caused by Nakaseomyces glabratus and Candida parapsilosis is growing. A limited number of drugs for systemic use from the polyenes, azoles, echinocandins, and flucytosine groups are used for treatment of invasive mycoses. The number of cultures resistant to antimycotics is increasing worldwide. The main factors of resistance to antimycotics among fungi are the general resistance of the species and long-term usage of such medications. Resistant or low-sensitive isolates of pathogenic fungi and the mechanisms of resistance have been identified for all used antimycotics. The strategy to overcome the problem of increasing cases of invasive mycoses should include the optimisation of treatment protocols for the invasive mycoses, the fundamental research of the mechanisms of resistance of pathogenic fungi, and the development of ways to overcome the resistance, including the search for the new antimycotics.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микозы</kwd><kwd>инвазивные микозы</kwd><kwd>антимикотики</kwd><kwd>противогрибковые препараты</kwd><kwd>резистентность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mycoses</kwd><kwd>invasive mycoses</kwd><kwd>antimycotics</kwd><kwd>antifungal drugs</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акимкин В. Г., Тутельян А. В., Шулакова Н. И. Микологический айсберг: современные сдвиги в эпидемиологии микозов. 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