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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/0235-2990-2025-70-1-2-20-28</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">KZBIMH</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-1220</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Experimental Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новые возможности оценки маркеров болезни Альцгеймера в сыворотке крови</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New Possibilities for Evaluating Markers of Alzheimer's Disease in Blood Serum</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4830-907X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьев</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Владимирович Воробьев, д. м. н., главный научный сотрудник, профессор, профессор кафедры</p><p>НИЛ неврологии и нейрореабилитации; кафедра неврологии с клиникой; кафедра клинической лабораторной диагностики</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Vorobev, D. Sc. in Medicine, Chief Researcher, Professor, Professor at the Department</p><p>Laboratory of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation; Department of Neurology with a Clinical Base; Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergiognezdo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2459-4849</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плеханов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plekhanov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антон Юрьевич Плеханов, к. б. н., младший научныйсотрудник</p><p>лаборатория системной вирусологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton Yu. Plekhanov, Ph. D. in Biology, Junior Researcher</p><p>Laboratory of Systems Virology</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0074-4021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терновых</surname><given-names>И. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ternovykh</surname><given-names>I. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Константинович Терновых, ассистент</p><p>кафедра неврологии с клиникой</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan K. Ternovykh, Assistant</p><p>Department of Neurology with a Clinical Base</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-3632</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усиков</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usikov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Сергеевич Усиков, к. ф.-м. н.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander S. Usikov, Ph. D. in Physics and Mathematics</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-5053</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>A. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Александрович Лебедев, д. ф.-м. н., профессор, руководитель отделения</p><p>отделение твердотельной электроники</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander А. Lebedev, D. Sc. in Physics and Mathematics,Professor, Head of the Department</p><p>Solid-State Electronics Department</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9709-5138</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Николаевич Смирнов, к. ф.-м. н., старшийнаучный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander N. Smirnov, Ph. D. in Physics and Mathematics,Senior Researcher</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3585-5116</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмидт</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmidt</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталия Михайловна Шмидт, д. ф.-м. н., главный научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia M. Shmidt, D. Sc. in Physics and Mathematics, Chief Researcher</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6038-223X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дунаевский</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dunaevskiy</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Сергеевич Дунаевский, к. ф.-м. н., заместительруководителя отделения</p><p>отделение физики твердого тела</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail S. Dunaevskiy, Ph. D. in Physics and Mathematics,Deputy Head of the Department</p><p>Solid State Physics Department</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5078-1322</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Павлович Лебедев, к. ф.-м. н., научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey P. Lebedev, Ph. D. in Physics and Mathematics, Research Fellow</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В. А. Алмазова» Минздрава России; ФГБУН «Физико-технический институт им. А.Ф. Иоффе» Минобрнауки России; ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre; Ioffe Institute; Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт гриппа им. А. А. Смородинцева» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В. А. Алмазова» Минздрава России; ФГБУН «Физико-технический институт им. А.Ф. Иоффе» Минобрнауки России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre; Ioffe Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Физико-технический институт им. А.Ф. Иоффе» Минобрнауки России; ООО Группа компаний «Нитридные кристаллы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ioffe Institute; Nitride Crystals Group Ltd.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Физико-технический институт им. А.Ф. Иоффе» Минобрнауки России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ioffe Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>1-2</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Воробьев С.В., Плеханов А.Ю., Терновых И.К., Усиков А.С., Лебедев А.А., Смирнов А.Н., Шмидт Н.М., Дунаевский М.С., Лебедев С.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Воробьев С.В., Плеханов А.Ю., Терновых И.К., Усиков А.С., Лебедев А.А., Смирнов А.Н., Шмидт Н.М., Дунаевский М.С., Лебедев С.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vorobev S.V., Plekhanov A.Y., Ternovykh I.K., Usikov A.S., Lebedev A.А., Smirnov A.N., Shmidt N.M., Dunaevskiy M.S., Lebedev S.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1220">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1220</self-uri><abstract><p>   С учётом стабильного роста числа случаев болезни Альцгеймера, всё более остро встает вопрос повышения уровня её диагностики.</p><sec><title>   Цель исследования</title><p>   Цель исследования: разработка нового метода верификации маркеров болезни Альцгеймера в сыворотке крови на основе графеновых сенсоров.</p></sec><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы. Рост графена осуществлялся методом сублимации. На первом этапе эксперимента оценивали эффективность прикрепления антител к бета-амилоидному пептиду человека 1–42 и общему тау-протеину человека. На втором этапе проводили оценку способности сенсоров осуществлять анализ белков бета-амилоида 1–42 и общего тау-протеина.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. Графен, функционализированный сульфогруппами от пиранина, проявляет достаточную способность иммобилизировать антитела. Обработка глутаровым альдегидом графена, функционализированного аминогруппами, значительно повышает способность последнего к иммобилизации антител. Сенсоры проявляют высокую чувствительность при концентрациях белков в растворах от 10–10 до 10–15 г/мл. При небольших концентрациях антигена полученные калибровочные графики круто ниспадают и расходятся незначительно, что позволяет использовать эту область для определения неизвестной концентрации антигена. Концентрация белков в слепом опыте определена с погрешностью в 1,5 раза, то есть примерно в половину шага разведения. Более дробное разведение проб поможет достичь большей точности, что показывает принципиальную применимость использованного нами подхода.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. Проведённые нами к настоящему моменту исследования позволили разработать медицинские и физико-химические аспекты действия сенсоров на основе графена для детекции низких концентраций белков бета-амилоида и тау-протеина в средах. Продемонстрирована принципиальная техническая работоспособность данной методики.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Given the steady increase in the number of cases of Alzheimer's disease, the issue of improving the level of its diagnosis is becoming more urgent.</p><p>   The aim of the study was to develop a new method for verifying markers of Alzheimer's disease in blood serum based on graphene sensors.</p><sec><title>   Materials and methods</title><p>   Materials and methods. Graphene growth was carried out by sublimation. At the first stage of the experiment, the effectiveness of antibody attachment to human beta-amyloid peptide 1–42 and human total tau protein was evaluated. At the second stage, the sensors' ability to analyze beta-amyloid 1–42 proteins and total tau protein was evaluated.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. Graphene functionalized with sulfo groups from pyranine exhibits sufficient ability to immobilize antibodies. Treatment with glutaraldehyde of graphene functionalized by amino groups significantly increases the ability of the latter to immobilize antibodies. The sensors exhibit high sensitivity at protein concentrations in solutions from 10–10 to 10–15 g/ml. At low concentrations of antigen, the obtained calibration graphs steeply drop and slightly diverge, which makes it possible to use this area to determine an unknown concentration of antigen. The concentration of proteins in the blind experiment was determined with an error of 1.5 times, that is, about half the dilution step. A more fractional dilution of samples will help to achieve greater accuracy, which shows the fundamental applicability of the approach used.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. The research conducted to date has allowed the development of medical, as well as physicochemical aspects of the action of graphene-based sensors for detecting low concentrations of beta-amyloid and tau protein proteins in media. The fundamental technical efficiency of this technique has been demonstrated.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>графен</kwd><kwd>биосенсор</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>бета-амилоид</kwd><kwd>тау-протеин</kwd><kwd>нейродегенерация</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>graphene</kwd><kwd>biosensor</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer's disease</kwd><kwd>beta-amyloid</kwd><kwd>tau protein</kwd><kwd>neurodegeneration</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана грантом РНФ № 22-12 -00134</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported Russian Science Foundation grant № 22-12-00134</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pérez Palmer N., Trejo Ortega B., Joshi P. 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