antibioticsАнтибиотики и ХимиотерапияAntibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy0235-2990ООО «Издательство ОКИ»10.37489/0235-2990-2025-70-3-4-23-31HWLNFOantibiotics-1235Research ArticleЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИExperimental ResearchСравнительный анализ фенотипической и генетической резистентности к антимикробным препаратам клинических изолятов Pseudomonas aeruginosaComparative Analysis of Phenotypic and Genetic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates to Antimicrobial Drugshttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-5762-093XЯдыковаЛ. Л.YadykovaL. L.

Ядыкова Людмила Леонидовна — лаборант-исследователь

Казань

Liudmila L. Yadykova — laboratory assistant-researcher

Kazan

milayesyad@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2142-7682БаязитоваЛ. Т.Bayazitova Lira T.,L. T.

Баязитова Лира Табрисовна — д. м. н., профессор, заведующая лабораторией микробиологии

Казань

Lira T. Bayazitova — Ph. D. in Medicine, professor, head of the microbiology laboratory

Kazan

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4377-2567ЛисовскаяС.  А.LisovskayaS. A.

Лисовская Светлана Анатольевна — к. б. н., ведущий научный сотрудник

Казань

Svetlana A. Lisovskaya — Ph. D. in Biology, leading researcher

Kazan

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-0559ТризнаЕ. Ю.TriznaE. Yu.

Тризна Елена Юрьевна — к. б. н., старший научный сотрудник

Казань

Elena Yu. Trizna — Ph. D. in Biology, Senior Researcher

Kazan

Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университетРоссияKazan (Volga Region) Federal UniversityRussian FederationКазанский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии РоспотребнадзораРоссияKazan Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and MicrobiologyRussian FederationКазанский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии Роспотребнадзора; Казанский государственный медицинский университетРоссияKazan Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology; Kazan State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202506082025703-42331Copyright © Ядыкова Л.Л., Баязитова Л.Т., Лисовская С.А., Тризна Е.Ю., 20252025Ядыкова Л.Л., Баязитова Л.Т., Лисовская С.А., Тризна Е.Ю.Yadykova L.L., Bayazitova Lira T., L.T., Lisovskaya S.A., Trizna E.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1235

Актуальность. Всемирная организация здравоохранения включила Pseudomonas aeruginosa в список бактерий с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью, для которых существует острая необходимость в разработке новых антибиотиков и регуляции назначения существующих. Цель. Выявление и оценка корреляции фенотипической и генетической устойчивости клинических изолятов P. aeruginosa, выделенных у пациентов в Республике Татарстан. Материал и методы. Исследовано 40 клинических изолятов P. aeruginosa, выделенных у пациентов в Республике Татарстан. Оценка восприимчивости к антимикробным препаратам проведена диско-диффузионного методом. Наличие генов устойчивости протестировано с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции. Результаты. У 85–100% клинических изолятов P. aeruginosa из 40 исследуемых выявлена фенотипическая устойчивость к бета-лактамным антибиотикам. При этом 38% изолятов несли ген устойчивости к бета-лактамным антибиотикам mexB. Для 80% изолятов показана устойчивость к фторхинолонам, для 45–55% — выявлена к аминогликозидам. Ген mexD, ассоциированный с устойчивостью к фторхинолонам, идентифицируется у 20% изолятов. Гены устойчивости к аминогликозидам (mexY, aac (3)-IIa, aphA1, rpsL) обнаруживаются у 3–50% изолятов P. aeruginosa соответственно. Заключение. Приведённые результаты свидетельствуют о расхождении фенотипического проявления резистентности с наличием генов устойчивости к антибиотикам. Это говорит о наличии многих механизмов устойчивости к одним и тем же группам антибиотиков, что должно учитываться при разработке комплексных препаратов для преодоления бактериальной резистентности к препарату. При этом изоляты с низким уровнем экспрессии генетических детерминант резистентности восприимчивы к антибиотику и представляют угрозу распространения генов устойчивости.

Background. The World Health Organization has included Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the list of multidrug-resistant bacteria which urgently requires the development of new antibiotics and regulation of the use of existing ones. The aim of the study was to identify and evaluate the correlation of phenotypic and genetic resistance of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients in the Republic of Tatarstan. Methods. 40 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa from patients in the Republic of Tatarstan were studied. Susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs was assessed using the disk diffusion method. The presence of resistance genes was tested using polymerase chain reaction. Results. Phenotypic resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was detected in 85–100% of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa out of 40 studied. Moreover, 38% of isolates carried the mexB gene for resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Resistance to fluoroquinolones was shown by 80% of isolates, and resistance to aminoglycosides was detected in 45–55%. The mexD gene associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones was identified in 20% of isolates. The aminoglycoside resistance genes (mexY, aac(3)-IIa, aphA1, rpsL) were detected in 3–50% of P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively. Conclusion. The presented results indicate a discrepancy between the phenotypic manifestation of resistance and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. This indicates the presence of many mechanisms of resistance to the same groups of antibiotics, which should be taken into account when developing complex drugs to overcome bacterial resistance to the drug. At the same time, isolates with a low level of expression of genetic resistance determinants are susceptible to the antibiotic and pose a threat of spreading resistance genes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.