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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/0235-2990-2025-70-9-10-77-90</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">MWLQYW</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-1297</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Популяционное фармакокинетическое/фармакодинамическое  моделирование и терапевтический лекарственный  мониторинг ванкомицина у новорождённых  и недоношенных новорождённых</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling  and Terapeutic Drug Monitoring of Vancomycin in Neonates   and Preterm Neonates</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8436-8931</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондарева</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondareva</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бондарева Ирина Борисовна — д. б. н., профессор кафедры общей и клинической фармакологии, Медицинский институт, Медицинский факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina B. Bondareva — D. Sc. in Biology, Professor of the Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Institute</p><p> Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i_bondareva@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6348-6867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зырянов</surname><given-names>С.  К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zyryanov</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зырянов Сергей Кенсаринович — д. м. н., профессор, зав. кафедрой общей и клинической фармакологии, Медицинский институт, Медицинский факультет; заместитель главного врача</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey K. Zyryanov — D. Sc. in Medicine, Professor, Head of the Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Institute; Deputy Chief Physician</p><p> Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6641-7752</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асецкая</surname><given-names>И. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Asetskaya</surname><given-names>I. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Асецкая Ирина Львовна — к. м. н., доцент, кафедра общей и клинической фармакологии, Медицинский институт, Медицинский факультет</p><p> Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina L. Asetskaya — Ph. D. in Medicine, Associate Professor, Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Institute</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-2363</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ченкуров</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chenkurov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ченкуров Михаил Станиславович — к. б. н., ассистент кафедры общей и клинической фармакологии, Медицинский институт, Медицинский факультет</p><p> Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail S. Chenkurov — Ph. D. in Biology, Assistant at the Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Institute</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9721-6931</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбачева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbacheva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горбачева Анастасия Андреевна — аспирант кафедры общей и клинической фармакологии, Медицинский институт, Медицинский факультет</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Gorbacheva — Postgraduate student at the Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Institute</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы»;  ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница № 24 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University); City Clinical Hospital No. 24 of the Moscow City Health Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after &#13;
Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>9-10</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>90</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бондарева И.Б., Зырянов С. ., Асецкая И.Л., Ченкуров М.С., Горбачева А.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бондарева И.Б., Зырянов С. ., Асецкая И.Л., Ченкуров М.С., Горбачева А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bondareva I.B., Zyryanov S.K., Asetskaya I.L., Chenkurov M.S., Gorbacheva A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1297">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1297</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Ванкомицин широко используется для лечения тяжёлых инфекций, вызванных грамположительными микроорганизмами, включая метициллино-резистентные штаммы Staphylococcus aureus. При проведении антибактериальной терапии важно не только добиться оптимальной эффективности, но и минимизировать риски развития потенциальных нежелательных реакций. Особенно это актуально для препаратов с узким терапевтическим диапазоном, к которым относится ванкомицин, а также для таких особых групп пациентов, как новорождённые и недоношенные новорождённые, для которых характерен высокий уровень межиндивидуальной фармакокинетической и фармакодинамической (ФК/ФД) вариабельности. Дозирование ванкомицина в этих группах пациентов рекомендуют проводить под контролем терапевтического лекарственного мониторинга (ТЛМ). Цель. Основной целью работы был описательный анализ особенностей популяционного ФК/ФД моделирования ванкомицина в популяции новорождённых и недоношенных новорождённых. Материал и методы. Поиск статей был инициирован в поисковой системе PubMed® (MEDLINE) за период с 1981 г. до августа 2024 г. Результаты. Описаны основные подходы к персонализации режимов дозирования ванкомицина, методы расчёта рекомендованного в настоящее время целевого ФК/ФД индекса по данным ТЛМ для оптимизации терапии в клинической практике, включая Байесовский подход на основе мониторирования показателя «площадь под фармакокинетической кривой» (AUC) с помощью специализированного программного обеспечения. Представлены результаты систематического литературного обзора популяционных ФК/ФД моделей ванкомицина, описаны структуры моделей и идентифицированные факторы, влияющие на ФК вариабельность в популяции недоношенных новорождённых. В большинстве исследований в популяции новорождённых фармакокинетика ванкомицина лучше всего описывалась однокамерной моделью. В отобранных исследованиях (n=31), включающих недоношенных новорождённых, значения клиренса и объёма распределения ванкомицина были оценены в широком диапазоне (0,01–0,22 л/ч/кг и 0,47–1,5 л/кг соответственно) с оценками выраженной межиндивидуальной вариабельности ФК параметров, достигающей в исследованиях 50%. В большинстве этих исследований масса тела, почечная функция и/или возраст были выявлены как значимые предикторы клиренса ванкомицина, а масса тела — важный предиктор объёма распределения ванкомицина. Выводы. В популяции новорождённых наблюдаемая значительная межиндивидуальная ФК/ФД вариабельность ванкомицина приводит к высокому риску недостаточного или избыточного его дозирования при использовании стандартизованных схем, что свидетельствует в пользу процедуры ТЛМ для оптимизации терапии. Идентификация факторов, вносящих вклад в ФК вариабельность ванкомицина, и использование рассчитанных популяционных ФК моделей может помочь в выборе начального режима дозирования ванкомицина. Тем не менее, доля остаточной необъяснённой вариабельности, обычно остающаяся в этих финальных регрессионных моделях, демонстрирует необходимость ТЛМ для персонализации режимов дозирования ванкомицина. Дозирование на основе мониторирования AUC, желательно с применением Байесовского подхода, можно рассматривать как наилучший вариант для достижения целевых концентраций ванкомицина, наиболее вероятно обеспечивающих успех проводимой терапии MRSA инфекций, и для профилактики развития микробной резистентности у новорождённых.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Vancomycin is still widely used for the treatment of severe infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The aim of antibiotic therapy is optimal efficacy with minimal potential toxicity. This is especially important for medications with narrow therapeutic ranges, including vancomycin, as well as for special patient populations, in particular neonates and preterm neonates, who have high levels of inter-individual pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) variability. In these populations, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended in vancomycin for dosage optimization. Aim. The primary objective of the study was to descriptively analyze the features of population PK/PD modeling of vancomycin in neonates and preterm neonates. Methods. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed® (MEDLINE) database for the period from 1981 through August 2024. Results. The study describes the main approaches to personalizing vancomycin dosage regimens, as well as methods for calculating the currently recommended target PK/PD index based on TDM data for optimizing therapy in clinical practice, including the Bayesian AUC-guided dosing approach using computer software. The results of the systematic review of published population PK models of vancomycin are presented; model structures, as well as the identified factors that influence PK variability in the preterm neonate population, are described. In the selected studies (N = 31), that included preterm infants, vancomycin clearance and volume of distribution were estimated over a wide range (0.01–0.22 L/h/kg and 0.47–1.5 L/kg, respectively) with estimated high inter-individual variability in PK parameters reaching up to 50%. In the majority of these studies, current body weight, renal function, and/or age were significant predictors of vancomycin clearance, and body weight was an important predictor of vancomycin volume of distribution. Conclusion. In the newborn population, the observed significant inter-individual vancomycin PK/PD variability led to a high risk of underdosing or overdosing with standard dosage regimens, which demonstrated the need for TDM for delivery of optimal vancomycin therapy. Identification of the factors that contribute to vancomycin PK variability and the use of calculated population PK models can help in choosing the initial vancomycin dosing regimen. However, the magnitude of the residual unexplained variability usually remaining in these final regression models demonstrates the need for TDM to personalize vancomycin dosage regimens. AUC-guided therapeutic dosing and monitoring, preferably with a Bayesian approach, may be considered as the best way to achieve the target vancomycin exposure likely to be required for a successful outcome of treatment for an MRSA infection for neonates and to avoid the development of microbial resistance. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>терапевтический лекарственный мониторинг</kwd><kwd>ванкомицин</kwd><kwd>популяционное фармакокинетическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>персонализация режимов дозирования</kwd><kwd>доношенные и недоношенные новорождённые</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>therapeutic drug monitoring</kwd><kwd>vancomycin</kwd><kwd>population pharmacokinetic modeling</kwd><kwd>personalized dosage regimens</kwd><kwd>full-term and preterm neonates</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel S., Preuss C. V., Bernice F. 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