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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/0235-2990-2026-71-1-2-25-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">EHUSYP</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-1326</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Experimental Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Орнитогенные экосистемы высокоширотной Арктики в качестве источников вирулентных бактериофагов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ornithogenic Ecosystems in the High Arctic as a Source of Virulent Bacteriophages</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5206-6656</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончаров</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гончаров Артемий Евгеньевич — д. м. н., заведующий лабораторией микробиологического мониторинга биологических угроз</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artemiy E. Goncharov — D. Sc. in Medicine, Head of the Laboratory of Microbiological Monitoring of Biohazards, Institute of Experimental Medicine; Professor at the Department of Epidemiology, Parasitology, and Disinfection</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">phage1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6890-8096</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асланов</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aslanov</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Асланов Батырбек Исмелович — д. м. н., профессор, директор Института профилактической медицины, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной эпидемиологии и исследований бактериофагов</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Batyrbek I. Aslanov — D. Sc. in Medicine, Professor, Director of the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Bacteriophage Research</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-5144</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азаров</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Azarov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Азаров Даниил Валерьевич — к. м. н., старший преподаватель кафедры эпидемиологии, паразитологии и дезинфектологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil V. Azarov — Ph. D. in Medicine, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Epidemiology, Parasitology, and Disinfection</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-211X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колоджиева</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolodzhieva</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Колоджиева Виктория Васильевна — к. м. н., доцент кафедры эпидемиологии, паразитологии и дезинфектологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria V. Kolodzhieva — Ph. D. in Medicine, Associate Professor at the Department of Epidemiology, Parasitology, and Disinfection</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3500-9617</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврило</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilo</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гаврило Мария Владиславовна — к. б. н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории «Арктик-шельф» им. Г. К. Зубакина</p><p>Архангельск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Gavrilo — Ph. D. in Biology, Leading Researcher at the Arctic Shelf Laboratory</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-1357</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аксенов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aksenov</surname><given-names>А. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аксенов Андрей Сергеевич — к. т. н., профессор кафедры биологии, экологии и биотехнологии</p><p>Архангельск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey S. Aksenov — Ph. D. in Technical Sciences, Professor at the Department of Biology, Ecology, and Biotechnology</p><p>Arkhangelsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6862-4880</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шутов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shutov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шутов Владимир Михайлович — аспирант</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir M. Shutov — Postgraduate student</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щиплецова</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchipletsova</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щиплецова Варвара Тимофеевна — студент</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Varvara T. Shchipletsova — student</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1248-9903</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поликина</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polikina</surname><given-names>J. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поликина Юлия Михайловна — студент</p><p>Архангельск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Julia M. Polikina — student</p><p>Arkhangelsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7009-2500</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майорова</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mayorova</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Майорова Ксения Александровна — инженер</p><p>Архангельск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia A. Mayorova — engineer</p><p>Arkhangelsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шеманаева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shemanaeva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шеманаева Арина Антоновна — аспирант</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arina A. Shemanaeva — Postgraduate student</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6097-5091</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончаров</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharov</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гончаров Никита Евгеньевич — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории медицинской микробиологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita E. Goncharov — Junior Researcher at the Laboratory of Medical Microbiology</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9679-2791</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полев</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polev</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полев Дмитрий Евгеньевич — к. б. н., заведующий лабораторией метагеномных исследований</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii E. Polev — Ph. D. in Biology, Head of the Laboratory of Metagenomic Research</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»; ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава России; ФГБУ «НИИ гриппа им. А. А. Смородинцева» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Experimental Medicine; North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov; Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава России; ФГБУ «НИИ гриппа им. А. А. Смородинцева» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov; Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Институт экспериментальной медицины»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Experimental Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-9"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Пастера»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>71</volume><issue>1-2</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гончаров А.Е., Асланов Б.И., Азаров Д.В., Колоджиева В.В., Гаврило М.В., Аксенов А.С., Шутов В.М., Щиплецова В.Т., Поликина Ю.М., Майорова К.А., Шеманаева А.А., Гончаров Н.Е., Полев Д.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гончаров А.Е., Асланов Б.И., Азаров Д.В., Колоджиева В.В., Гаврило М.В., Аксенов А.С., Шутов В.М., Щиплецова В.Т., Поликина Ю.М., Майорова К.А., Шеманаева А.А., Гончаров Н.Е., Полев Д.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Goncharov A.E., Aslanov B.I., Azarov D.V., Kolodzhieva V.V., Gavrilo M.V., Aksenov А.S., Shutov V.M., Shchipletsova V.T., Polikina J.M., Mayorova K.A., Shemanaeva A.A., Goncharov N.E., Polev D.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1326">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1326</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Изучение разнообразия бактериофагов в дикой природе, включая территории, незатронутые человеческой деятельностью, представляет существенный интерес с точки зрения определения стратегий поиска компонентов бактериофаговых препаратов для борьбы с актуальными инфекциями, обусловленными бактериями с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Описать структуру и особенности виромов, ассоциированных с колониями морских птиц на островах Баренцева моря, в качестве потенциального источника вирулентных бактериофагов для фаготерапии инфекционных заболеваний человека и животных.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В ходе исследования проведён метагеномный анализ образцов почв, сформировавшихся в колониях птиц на острове Северный архипелага Новая Земля и острове Западный Нортбрук архипелага Земля Франца-Иосифа, а также эксперименты по выделению бактериофагов Escherichia coli из этих образцов. Метагеномное секвенирование проводилось на секвенаторе DNBSEQ-G400 с длиной парноконцевых прочтений 150 п. н. Биоинформационный анализ включал в себя сборку сырых ридов в контиги с использованием MEGAHIT v.1.2.9 и их классификацию при помощи Kraken2 с использованием Refseq базы данных вирусных последовательностей. Выделение бактериофагов проводилось с использованием метода накопления на культурах Escherichia coli flora2c и OO17. Геномы двух выделенных бактериофагов были секвенированы и проведён филогенетический анализ их последовательностей с использованием программы parsnp.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В структуре метавиромов доминируют последовательности хвостатых фагов класса Caudoviricetes, составляя до 78,45% от общего числа последовательностей, классифицированных в качестве вирусных. Анализ метавиромных данных продемонстрировал значительное разнообразие бактериофагов класса Caudoviricetes, включая семейства Straboviridae и Shitoviridae, рода Baikalvirus, Phitrevirus, представители которых могут быть использованы для фаговой терапии. Из образцов орнитогенных почв выделены два вирулентных бактериофага Escherichia coli. По результатам филогеномного анализа один из них представляет известный вид рода Justusliebigvirus, а второй может быть классифицирован как новый вид рода Kagunavirus.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты настоящего исследования свидетельствуют о значительном биологическом разнообразии вирулентных бактериофагов в составе микробиомов, связанных с колониями морских арктических птиц, и подтверждают перспективность поиска новых бактериофагов, применимых для фаготерапии, в орнитогенных субстратах побережий арктических островов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Studying the diversity of bacteriophages in pristine Arctic ecosystems is of significant interest for determining strategies for finding viruses that can be used as antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant bacteria.</p><p>The aim of the study was to describe the structure and characteristics of viromes associated with seabird colonies on the Barents Sea islands as a potential source for virulent bacteriophages that can be used for phage therapy of infectious diseases in humans and animals.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included metagenomic analysis of soil samples collected in the seabird colonies on Severny Island (Novaya Zemlya archipelago) and Western Northbrook Island (Franz-Josef Land archipelago), as well as isolation and sequencing of Escherichia coli bacteriophage genomes from these samples. Metagenomic sequencing was performed on a DNBSEQ-G400 sequencing platform with a paired-end read length of 150 base pairs. Further analysis included assembling raw reads into contigs using MEGAHIT version 1.2.9, followed by classification using Kraken2 and the RefSeq database of viral sequences. Bacteriophage isolation was achieved through the accumulation method using Escherichia coli flora2c and OO17 cultures. The genomes of the two isolated bacteriophages were sequenced, and their phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using the Parsnp program.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The structure of metaviromes is dominated by sequences of Caudoviricetes-class tailed phages, accounting for up to 78.45% of the total number of classified viral sequences. The analysis of metavirome data revealed a significant diversity of Caudoviricetes bacteriophages, including Straboviridae and Shitoviridae families and genera such as Baikalvirus and Phitrevirus. Representatives of these genera can be used in phage therapy. Two virulent Escherichia coli bacteriophages were isolated from ornithogenic soil samples. Based on phylogenomic analysis, one of them represents a known species of the genus Justusliebigvirus, while the second can be classified as a novel species of the genus Kagunavirus.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The current study reveals a considerable diversity of virulent bacteriophage species in the microbiomes associated with Arctic seabird colonies, suggesting that there is potential for finding new bacteriophages applicable for phage therapy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бактериофаги</kwd><kwd>Арктика</kwd><kwd>колонии морских птиц</kwd><kwd>метагеном</kwd><kwd>фаготерапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bacteriophages</kwd><kwd>Arctic</kwd><kwd>seabird colonies</kwd><kwd>metagenom</kwd><kwd>phage therapy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счёт гранта Российского научного фонда  № 24-15-20022, https://rscf.ru/project/24-15-20022/, и за счёт гранта Санкт-Петербургского научного фонда № 24-15-20022.  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