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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/0235-2990-2026-71-1-2-35-41</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">FAXYQD</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-1327</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Experimental Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ содержания гормональных продуктов в питьевых и поверхностных водах Кавказского региона</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative Analysis of Hormonal Content in Drinking and Surface Waters of the Caucasus Region</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5898-2412</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ламашвили</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lamashvili</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ламашвили Людмила Сайрамбаевна — научный сотрудник, заведующая научно-исследовательской лабораторией экологического контроля</p><p>Нальчик</p><p>Кашхатау</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila S. Lamashvili — Researcher, Head of Department of the Scientific Research Laboratory of Environmental Control</p><p>Nalchik</p><p>Kashkhatau settlement</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">luki-786.90@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3832-034X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агоева</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agoeva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Агоева Элеонора Анатольевна — старший научный сотрудник, научно-исследовательская лаборатория экологического контроля</p><p>Нальчик</p><p>Кашхатау</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eleonora A. Agoeva — Senior Researcher, Scientific Research Laboratory of Environmental Control</p><p>Nalchik</p><p>Kashkhatau settlement</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7975-8989</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаширова</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khashirova</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Седа Сайпудиновна Хаширова — м. н. с., научно-исследовательская лаборатория экологического контроля</p><p>Нальчик</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Seda S. Khashirova — Junior Researcher, Scientific Research Laboratory of Environmental Control</p><p>Nalchik</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9949-5709</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Снетков</surname><given-names>П. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Snetkov</surname><given-names>P. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пётр Петрович Снетков — к. м. н.</p><p>Нальчик</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pyotr P. Snetkov — Ph. D. in Medicine</p><p>Nalchik</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агоев</surname><given-names>Ам. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agoev</surname><given-names>Am. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Амирхан Адмирович Агоев — студент 2-го курса</p><p>Чегем</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Amirkhan A. Agoev — second-year student</p><p>Chegem</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-0251</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозкина</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozkina</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морозкина Светлана Николаевна — к. х. н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории системы доставки лекарственных препаратов</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana N. Morozkina — Ph. D. in Chemistry, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Drug Delivery Systems</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агоев</surname><given-names>Ан. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agoev</surname><given-names>An. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Агоев Андемиркан Адмирович — cтудент 4-го курса</p><p>Нальчик</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andemirkan A. Agoev — fourth-year student</p><p>Nalchik</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4050-8947</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виндижева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vindizheva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виндижева Амина Суадиновна — к. т. н., старший научный сотрудник Центра прогрессивных материалов и аддитивных технологий</p><p>Нальчик</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Amina S. Vindizheva — Ph. D. in Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher at the Center for Advanced Materials and Additive Technologies </p><p>Nalchik</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Кабардино-Балкарский Государственный университет им. Х. М. Бербекова; ФГБУ Кабардино-Балкарский Государственный Высокогорный заповедник</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H. M. Berbekov; Kabardino-Balkarian State High-Altitude Nature Reserve</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Кабардино-Балкарский Государственный университет им. Х. М. Бербекова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H. M. Berbekov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Чегемский филиал ГБПОУ Кабардино-Балкарский колледж «Строитель»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Chegem Branch of the Kabardino-Balkarian College «Stroitel»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии Министерства здравоохранения &#13;
Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Колледж информационных технологий и экономики</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>College of Information Technology and Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>71</volume><issue>1-2</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ламашвили Л.С., Агоева Э.А., Хаширова С.С., Снетков П.П., Агоев А.А., Морозкина С.Н., Агоев А.А., Виндижева А.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ламашвили Л.С., Агоева Э.А., Хаширова С.С., Снетков П.П., Агоев А.А., Морозкина С.Н., Агоев А.А., Виндижева А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lamashvili L.S., Agoeva E.A., Khashirova S.S., Snetkov P.P., Agoev A.A., Morozkina S.N., Agoev A.A., Vindizheva A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1327">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1327</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение биологически активных соединений, в частности гормональных веществ естественного и синтетического происхождения, в водные экосистемы представляет собой глобальную проблему экологической безопасности населения. Стероидные гормоны — 17β-эстрадиол (E2), эстриол (E3) и прогестерон — обладают высокой эстрогенной активностью и рассматриваются как ключевые эндокринные разрушители.</p><p>Цель исследования — сравнительная оценка содержания 17β-эстрадиола (E2), эстриола (E3) и прогестерона в питьевых водах некоторых населённых пунктов Прохладненского района Кабардино-Балкарской Республики (КБР), а также в поверхностных водах реки Малка. Методология включала отбор проб питьевой воды из централизованных систем водоснабжения населённых пунктов Прохладненского района. Для анализа водных образцов использовались твёрдофазная экстракция с последующей высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографией с тандемной массспектрометрией (ВЭЖХ-МС/МС). Было выявлено содержание 17β-эстрадиол (E2) в поверхностных водах реки Малка Прохладненского района, концентрация которого варьировала от 1,1 до 3,2 нг/л. Максимальные концентрации зафиксированы в пробах поверхностных вод вблизи сельскохозяйственных территорий. Эстриол (Е3) обнаружен также в пробах поверхностных вод в концентрациях от 1,2 до 2,3 нг/л. Содержание прогестерона изменялось в пределах от 2,5 до 3,4 нг/л. Сравнительный анализ показал, что в исследуемых поверхностных водах доминирующим гормональным загрязнителем является прогестерон. Проведённое исследование впервые даёт системную оценку присутствия 17β-эстрадиола (E2), эстриола (Е3) и прогестерона в питьевых и поверхностных водах КБР. Несмотря на отсутствие прямого токсикологического риска для здоровья населения на текущем уровне, выявленная распространённость 17β-эстрадиола (E2), эстриола (Е3) и прогестерона указывает на антропогенное влияние на водные ресурсы региона (сельское хозяйство, коммунальные стоки и т. д.). Таким образом, на основании проведённого анализа необходимо включение гормональных веществ в региональные программы мониторинга качества водных объектов и повышение эффективности работы очистных сооружений коммунальных и иных стоков. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The introduction of biologically active compounds, particularly hormonal substances of natural and synthetic origin, into aquatic ecosystems poses a global environmental safety problem for the population. Steroid hormones — 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and progesterone – have high estrogenic activity and are considered key endocrine disruptors. The aim of the study was a comparative assessment of the content of 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and progesterone in drinking water of some settlements in the Prokhladnensky district of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (KBR), as well as in the surface waters of the Malka River. The methodology involved collecting drinking water samples from centralized water supply systems in populated areas of the Prokhladnensky District. Solid-phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography — tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to analyze the water samples. 17β-estradiol (E2) was detected in surface waters of the Malka River in the Prokhladnensky District, with concentrations ranging from 1.1 to 3.2 ng/L. The highest concentrations were recorded in surface water samples near agricultural areas. Estriol (E3) was similarly detected in surface water samples at concentrations ranging from 1.2 to 2.3 ng/L. Progesterone levels ranged from 2.5 to 3.4 ng/L. Comparative analysis revealed that progesterone was the dominant hormonal pollutant in the surface waters studied. This study provides the first systematic assessment of the presence of 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and progesterone in drinking and surface waters of the KabardinoBalkarian Republic. Despite the lack of a direct toxicological risk to public health at the current level, the detected prevalence of 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and progesterone indicates anthropogenic impacts on the region's water resources (agriculture, municipal wastewater, etc.). Therefore, based on the conducted analysis, it is necessary to include hormonal substances in the regional programs for monitoring the quality of water bodies, as well as to improve the efficiency of treatment facilities for municipal and other wastewater. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Кавказ</kwd><kwd>Кабардино-Балкария</kwd><kwd>питьевая и поверхностная вода</kwd><kwd>гормоны</kwd><kwd>ВЭЖХ</kwd><kwd>17β-эстрадиол (E2)</kwd><kwd>эстриол (E3)</kwd><kwd>прогестерон</kwd><kwd>эстрогенная активность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Caucasus</kwd><kwd>Kabardino-Balkaria</kwd><kwd>drinking and surface water</kwd><kwd>hormones</kwd><kwd>HPLC</kwd><kwd>17β-estradiol (E2)</kwd><kwd>estriol (E3)</kwd><kwd>progesterone</kwd><kwd>estrogenic activity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ, мнемокод FZZR-20260010. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке внутреннего гранта ФГБОУ ВО КБГУ, им. Х. М. Бербекова (Договор № 35).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">State of the science of endocrine disrupting chemicals https://tdr.who.int/publications/i/item/state-of-the-science-of-endocrine-disrupting-chemicals</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">State of the science of endocrine disrupting chemicals https://tdr.who.int/publications/i/item/state-of-the-science-of-endocrine-disrupting-chemicals</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hammond GL, Lähteenmäki PL, Lähteenmäki P, Luukkainen T. Distribution and percentages of non-protein bound contraceptive steroids in human serum. 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