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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/0235-2990-2026-71-3-4-62-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">PQSBDX</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-1366</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нетуберкулёзные микобактериозы: механизмы антибиотикорезистентности и потенциал применения бактериофагов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nontuberculous Mycobacterioses: Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance and the Potential of Bacteriophage Application</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6990-6482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поройский</surname><given-names>С.  В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Poroyskiy</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поройский Сергей Викторович — д. м. н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой экстремальной медицины и безопасности жизнедеятельности, главный научный сотрудник Научно-исследовательского центра</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Poroyskiy — D. Sc. in Medicine, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Extreme Medicine and Life Safety, Chief Researcher at the Research Center</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5336-4455</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самотруева</surname><given-names>М.  А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samotrueva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самотруева Марина Александровна — д. м. н., профессор, заведующая кафедрой нормальной физиологии, главный научный сотрудник Научно-исследовательского центра</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina A. Samotrueva — D. Sc. in Medicine, Professor, Head of the Department of Normal Physiology, Chief Researcher at the Research Center</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9994-4751</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цибизова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsibizova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цибизова Александра Александровна — к. фарм. н., доцент, доцент кафедры фармакогнозии, фармацевтической технологии и биотехнологии, старший научный сотрудник Научно-исследовательского центра</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra A. Tsibizova — Ph. D. in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Technology, and Biotechnology, Senior Researcher at the Research Center</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2998-2864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ясенявская</surname><given-names>А.  Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yasenyavskaya</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ясенявская Анна Леонидовна — д. м. н., доцент, заведующая кафедрой фармакогнозии, фармацевтической технологии и биотехнологии, руководитель Научно-исследовательского центра </p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna L. Yasenyavskaya — D. Sc. in Medicine, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Technology, and Biotechnology, Head of the Research Center</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yasen_9@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5417-4477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Генатуллина</surname><given-names>Г.  Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Genatullina</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Генатуллина Гузель Наилевна — к. б. н., доцент, доцент кафедры фармакогнозии, фармацевтической технологии и биотехнологии, заместитель руководителя Научно-исследовательского центра</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Guzel N. Genatullina — Ph. D. in Biology, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Technology, and Biotechnology, Deputy Head of the Research Center</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8578-7303</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баева</surname><given-names>Г.  Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baeva</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баева Гюзель Ренатовна — научный сотрудник Научно-исследовательского центра</p><p>Астрахань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Guzel R. Baeva — researcher at the Research Center</p><p>Astrakhan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Астраханский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Astrakhan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>71</volume><issue>3-4</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Поройский С.В., Самотруева М.А., Цибизова А.А., Ясенявская А.Л., Генатуллина Г.Н., Баева Г.Р., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Поройский С.В., Самотруева М.А., Цибизова А.А., Ясенявская А.Л., Генатуллина Г.Н., Баева Г.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Poroyskiy S.V., Samotrueva M.A., Tsibizova A.A., Yasenyavskaya A.L., Genatullina G.N., Baeva G.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1366">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1366</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время микобактериозы занимают одну из ведущих позиций в структуре инфекционной патологии, представляя значимую проблему для системы здравоохранения. Помимо патогенов классических инфекций — Mycobacterium leprae и Mycobacterium tuberculosis — в настоящее время идентифицировано более 200 видов нетуберкулёзных микобактерий (НТМБ), ассоциированных с развитием поражений различных органов и систем. В представленном обзоре приведена эпидемиологическая и клиническая характеристика микобактериозов, а также рассмотрены современные подходы к стандартной этиотропной терапии. Особое внимание уделено ключевым факторам, лимитирующим эффективность лечения: структурно-функциональным особенностям микобактериальной клетки и феномену приобретённой антибиотикорезистентности. В обзоре представлены результаты использования в качестве альтернативного лечения микобактериофагов, а также определены основные проблемы фаготерапии и возможности её использования в качестве перспективной терапевтической стратегии, реализация которой позволит увеличить эффективность лечения микобактериозов традиционными антибактериальными препаратами, уменьшит риск развития антибиотикорезистентности нетуберкулёзных микобактерий, а также позволит воздействовать на трудно эрадицируемые формы бактериальной персистенции, включая штаммы, образующие биоплёнки и внутриклеточно локализованные в составе гранулем.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, mycobacterioses occupy one of the leading positions in the structure of infectious pathology, representing a significant challenge for the healthcare system. In addition to the pathogens of classical infections — Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis — more than 200 species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have now been identified and are associated with the development of lesions in various organs and systems. This review presents the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of mycobacterioses, as well as current approaches to standard etiotropic therapy. Particular attention is paid to the key factors limiting treatment efficacy: the structural and functional features of the mycobacterial cell and the phenomenon of acquired antibiotic resistance. The results of using mycobactriophages as an alternative treatment are presented, and the main problems of phage therapy are identified, as well as the possibility of its use as a promising therapeutic strategy, the implementation of which will increase the effectiveness of mycobacteriosis treatment with traditional antibacterial drugs, reduce the risk of developing antibiotic resistance of non-tuberculous mycobacteria, and also combat biofilm-forming and granuloma strains of non-tuberculous mycobacteria.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микобактериозы</kwd><kwd>нетуберкулёзные микробактерии</kwd><kwd>бактериофаги</kwd><kwd>микобактериофаги</kwd><kwd>фаготерапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mycobacteriosis</kwd><kwd>nontuberculous microbacteria</kwd><kwd>bacteriophages</kwd><kwd>mycobacteriophages</kwd><kwd>phage therapy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Министерства здравоохранения РФ в части проведения НИР по теме «Разработка фагосодержащего лекарственного препарата для лечения нетуберкулёзных микобактериозов».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петров И.В., Амирова Т.Х., Петрова Л.В., Петрова Ф.С., Севастьянова Э.В., Валиев Р. 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