<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/0235-2990-2026-71-7-8-002</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">KVJNDK</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-1375</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эпидемиология и молекулярные механизмы резистентности к карбапенемам Klebsiella pneumoniae, выделяемой у пациентов в отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology and molecular mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients in intensive care units</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0981-3966</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексенко</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksenko</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексенко Екатерина Сергеевна — ординатор, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н. Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina S. Aleksenko — resident, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">latypova1science@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4410-5792</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Братченко</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bratchenko</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Братченко Екатерина Петровна — ординатор, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina P. Bratchenko — resident, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0350-8143</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Введенская</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vvedenskaya</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Введенская Александра Витальевна — ординатор, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra V. Vvedenskaya — resident, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5828-5123</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данков</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dankov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данков Максим Валерьевич — ординатор, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim V. Dankov — resident, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7194-0286</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Качарова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kacharova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Качарова Надежда Ашотовна — ординатор, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda A. Kacharova — resident, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8531-1499</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириленко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirilenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кириленко Алеся Валерьевна — ординатор, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alesya V. Kirilenko — resident, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9816-3820</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лабазанов</surname><given-names>Д. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Labazanov</surname><given-names>D. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лабазанов Даниил Русланович — ординатор, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil R. Labazanov — resident, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1349-9130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Месропян</surname><given-names>В. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mesropyan</surname><given-names>V. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Месропян Виктория Размиковна — ординатор, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktoria R. Mesropyan — resident, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5100-3046</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мистюкова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mistyukova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мистюкова Мария Владимировна — ординатор, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Mistyukova — resident, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3314-6140</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пасечная</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pasechnaya</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пасечная Анастасия Николаевна — ординатор, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia N. Pasechnaya — resident, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4374-1354</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поздняков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pozdnyakov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поздняков Александр Витальевич — ординатор, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Pozdnyakov — resident, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4989-0644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Позднякова</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pozdnyakova</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Позднякова Марина Дмитриевна — ординатор, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina D. Pozdnyakova — resident, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9167-2498</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поленова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polenova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поленова Екатерина Анатольевна — ординатор, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Polenova — resident, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1702-5076</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пронь</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pron</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пронь Мария Александровна — ординатор, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria A. Pron — resident, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5730-8901</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сбродова</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sbrodova</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сбродова Валерия Евгеньевна — ординатор, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeria E. Sbrodova — resident, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4997-2981</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сивакова</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sivakova</surname><given-names>Ya. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сивакова Яна Александровна — ординатор, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yana A. Sivakova — resident, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6195-3384</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таштанов</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tashtanov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Таштанов Равшан Ахмадович — ординатор, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ravshan A. Tashtanov — resident, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0925-1335</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хатунцева</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khatuntseva</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хатунцева Анастасия Павловна — ординатор, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia P. Khatuntseva — resident, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6528-2993</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черных</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernykh</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черных Софья Алексеевна — ординатор, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sofya A. Chernykh — resident, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8072-0264</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ягодкин</surname><given-names>Р. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yagodkin</surname><given-names>R. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ягодкин Родион Евгеньевич — ординатор, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rodion E. Yagodkin — resident, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Воронеж, Российская Федерация</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nadezhda A. Kacharova — resident, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Принято в печать</issue-title><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ООО «Издательство ОКИ», 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1375">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1375</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Карбапенеморезистентная Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) относится к наиболее клинически значимым возбудителям инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи. Наибольшую угрозу CRKP представляет в отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии, где сочетание тяжёлого состояния пациентов, инвазивных вмешательств и высокой антимикробной нагрузки способствует колонизации, внутрибольничной передаче и развитию инвазивных инфекций. Цель. Систематизировать данные об эпидемиологии CRKP в ОРИТ, механизмах карбапенеморезистентности, клональном и плазмидном распространении, диагностических подходах, современных терапевтических стратегиях и мерах инфекционного контроля. Материал и методы. Выполнен структурированный нарративный обзор публикаций за 2008–2026 гг., найденных в PubMed/MEDLINE, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, eLIBRARY.ru, CyberLeninka и Google Scholar. В итоговый анализ включены 66 источников, содержащих данные о пациентах ОРИТ, эпидемиологии, молекулярных механизмах устойчивости, диагностике, лечении или профилактике распространения CRKP. Результаты. Распространённость CRKP различается между регионами и определяется сочетанием антимикробного давления, внутрибольничной передачи и циркуляции клонов высокого риска. Основными механизмами устойчивости являются продукция KPC-, OXA-48-подобных и металло-β-лактамаз, нередко сочетающаяся с ESBL/AmpC, нарушением экспрессии OmpK35/OmpK36, эффлюксом и гетерорезистентностью. Наибольшее эпидемиологическое значение имеют CG258/ST258, ST11, ST147 и ST307. CRKP-инфекции ассоциированы с повышением летальности, продолжительности госпитализации и затрат. Выбор терапии должен основываться на типе карбапенемазы, локализации инфекции, результатах определения чувствительности и доступности препаратов. Сдерживание распространения требует сочетания активного эпидемиологического надзора, своевременной изоляции, молекулярного типирования и программ рационального применения антибиотиков. Заключение. CRKP представляет собой неоднородную группу госпитальных патогенов, клиническое ведение которых невозможно без разграничения колонизации и инфекции и без типоспецифического определения механизма резистентности. Приоритетными направлениями остаются стандартизация диагностики, получение сравнительных данных по MBL- и OXA-48-продуцентам и интеграция геномного надзора с мероприятиями инфекционного контроля.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is among the most clinically significant healthcare-associated pathogens. CRKP poses the greatest threat in intensive care units (ICUs), where the combination of severe patient conditions, invasive procedures, and high antimicrobial pressure facilitates colonization, nosocomial transmission, and the development of invasive infections.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To synthesize data on the epidemiology of CRKP in ICUs, mechanisms of carbapenem resistance, clonal and plasmid dissemination, diagnostic approaches, current therapeutic strategies, and infection control measures.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods. A structured narrative review of publications from 2008 to 2026 was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, eLIBRARY.ru, CyberLeninka, and Google Scholar. A total of 66 sources containing data on ICU patients, epidemiology, molecular resistance mechanisms, diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of CRKP spread were included in the final analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The prevalence of CRKP varies substantially across regions and is determined by a combination of antimicrobial pressure, nosocomial transmission, and circulation of high-risk clones. The primary resistance mechanisms involve the production of KPC, OXA-48-like, and metallo-β-lactamases, frequently combined with ESBL/AmpC, impaired OmpK35/OmpK36 expression, efflux, and heteroresistance. The most epidemiologically significant clones include CG258/ST258, ST11, ST147, and ST307. CRKP infections are associated with increased mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and higher costs. Treatment selection should be based on carbapenemase type, infection site, susceptibility testing results, and drug availability. Containment of spread requires a combination of active epidemiological surveillance, timely isolation, molecular typing, and antimicrobial stewardship programs.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. CRKP represents a heterogeneous group of hospital pathogens whose clinical management is impossible without distinguishing colonization from infection and without type-specific determination of the resistance mechanism. Priority areas remain the standardization of diagnostics, acquisition of comparative data on MBL and OXA-48 producers, and integration of genomic surveillance with infection control measures.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Klebsiella pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>карбапенеморезистентность</kwd><kwd>карбапенемазы</kwd><kwd>KPC</kwd><kwd>OXA-48</kwd><kwd>NDM</kwd><kwd>гетерорезистентность</kwd><kwd>инфекционный контроль</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Klebsiella pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>carbapenem resistance</kwd><kwd>carbapenemases</kwd><kwd>KPC</kwd><kwd>OXA-48</kwd><kwd>NDM</kwd><kwd>heteroresistance</kwd><kwd>infection control</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karampatakis T, Tsergouli K, Behzadi P. Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: virulence factors, molecular epidemiology and latest updates in treatment options. Antibiotics (Basel). 2023; 12 (2): 234. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12020234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karampatakis T, Tsergouli K, Behzadi P. Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: virulence factors, molecular epidemiology and latest updates in treatment options. Antibiotics (Basel). 2023; 12 (2): 234. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12020234.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Navon-Venezia S, Kondratyeva K, Carattoli A. Klebsiella pneumoniae: a major worldwide source and shuttle for antibiotic resistance. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2017; 41 (3): 252–275. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fux013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Navon-Venezia S, Kondratyeva K, Carattoli A. Klebsiella pneumoniae: a major worldwide source and shuttle for antibiotic resistance. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2017; 41 (3): 252–275. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fux013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tamma PD, Heil EL, Justo JA, Mathers AJ, Satlin MJ, Bonomo RA. Infectious Diseases Society of America 2024 guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2024: ciae403. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae403.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tamma PD, Heil EL, Justo JA, Mathers AJ, Satlin MJ, Bonomo RA. Infectious Diseases Society of America 2024 guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2024: ciae403. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae403.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черненькая Т.В., Борисова Л.А., Воробьева Т.Ю., Годков М.А., Шабанов А.К. Карбапенемазы, продуцируемые полирезистентными штаммами Klebsiella pneumoniae, выделенными от пациентов реанимационного профиля. Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь». 2024; 13 (1) 22–28. [Chernenkaya TV, Borisova LA, Vorobieva TYu, Godkov MA, Shabanov AK. Carbapenemases produced by multidrug-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from intensive care patients. Russian Sklifosovsky Journal of Emergency Medical Care. 2024; 13 (1): 22–28. (In Russ.)]. doi: https://doi.org/10.23934/2223-9022-2024-13-1-22-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Черненькая Т.В., Борисова Л.А., Воробьева Т.Ю., Годков М.А., Шабанов А.К. Карбапенемазы, продуцируемые полирезистентными штаммами Klebsiella pneumoniae, выделенными от пациентов реанимационного профиля. Журнал им. Н.В. Склифосовского «Неотложная медицинская помощь». 2024; 13 (1) 22–28. [Chernenkaya TV, Borisova LA, Vorobieva TYu, Godkov MA, Shabanov AK. Carbapenemases produced by multidrug-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from intensive care patients. Russian Sklifosovsky Journal of Emergency Medical Care. 2024; 13 (1): 22–28. (In Russ.)]. doi: https://doi.org/10.23934/2223-9022-2024-13-1-22-28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen L, Mathema B, Chavda KD, DeLeo FR, Bonomo RA, Kreiswirth BN. Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: molecular and genetic decoding. Trends Microbiol. 2014; 22 (12): 686–696. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2014.09.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen L, Mathema B, Chavda KD, DeLeo FR, Bonomo RA, Kreiswirth BN. Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: molecular and genetic decoding. Trends Microbiol. 2014; 22 (12): 686–696. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2014.09.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin XC, Li CL, Zhang SY, Yang XF, Jiang M. The global and regional prevalence of hospital-acquired carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024; 11 (2): ofad649. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad649.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin XC, Li CL, Zhang SY, Yang XF, Jiang M. The global and regional prevalence of hospital-acquired carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024; 11 (2): ofad649. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad649.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tzouvelekis LS, Markogiannakis A, Psichogiou M, Tassios PT, Daikos GL. Carbapenemases in Klebsiella pneumoniae and other Enterobacteriaceae: an evolving crisis of global dimensions. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012; 25 (4): 682–707. doi: 10.1128/CMR.05035-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tzouvelekis LS, Markogiannakis A, Psichogiou M, Tassios PT, Daikos GL. Carbapenemases in Klebsiella pneumoniae and other Enterobacteriaceae: an evolving crisis of global dimensions. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012; 25 (4): 682–707. doi: 10.1128/CMR.05035-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">David S, Reuter S, Harris SR, Glasner C, Feltwell T, Argimon S, et al. Epidemic of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Europe is driven by nosocomial spread. Nat Microbiol. 2019; 4 (11): 1919–1929. doi: 10.1038/s41564-019-0492-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">David S, Reuter S, Harris SR, Glasner C, Feltwell T, Argimon S, et al. Epidemic of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Europe is driven by nosocomial spread. Nat Microbiol. 2019; 4 (11): 1919–1929. doi: 10.1038/s41564-019-0492-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bowers JR, Kitchel B, Driebe EM, MacCannell DR, Roe C, Lemmer D, et al. Genomic analysis of the emergence and rapid global dissemination of the clonal group 258 Klebsiella pneumoniae pandemic. PLoS One. 2015; 10 (7): e0133727. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133727.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bowers JR, Kitchel B, Driebe EM, MacCannell DR, Roe C, Lemmer D, et al. Genomic analysis of the emergence and rapid global dissemination of the clonal group 258 Klebsiella pneumoniae pandemic. PLoS One. 2015; 10 (7): e0133727. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133727.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крыжановская О.А., Лазарева А.В., Алябьева Н.М., Тепаев Р.Ф., Карасева О.В., Чеботарь И.В., Маянский Н.А. Устойчивость к антибиотикам и молекулярные механизмы резистентности у карбапенем-нечувствительных изолятов Klebsiella pneumoniae, выделенных в педиатрических ОРИТ г. Москвы. Антибиотики и химиотер. 2016; 61 (7–8): 22–26. [Kryzhanovskaya OA, Lazareva AV, Alyabyeva NM, Tepaev RF, Karaseva OV, Chebotar IV, Mayansky NA. Antibiotic resistance and its molecular mechanisms in carbapenem-nonsusceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in pediatric ICUs in Moscow. Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy. 2016; 61 (7–8): 22–26. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Крыжановская О.А., Лазарева А.В., Алябьева Н.М., Тепаев Р.Ф., Карасева О.В., Чеботарь И.В., Маянский Н.А. Устойчивость к антибиотикам и молекулярные механизмы резистентности у карбапенем-нечувствительных изолятов Klebsiella pneumoniae, выделенных в педиатрических ОРИТ г. Москвы. Антибиотики и химиотер. 2016; 61 (7–8): 22–26. [Kryzhanovskaya OA, Lazareva AV, Alyabyeva NM, Tepaev RF, Karaseva OV, Chebotar IV, Mayansky NA. Antibiotic resistance and its molecular mechanisms in carbapenem-nonsusceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in pediatric ICUs in Moscow. Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy. 2016; 61 (7–8): 22–26. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новикова И.Е., Садеева З.З., Алябьева Н.М., Самойлова Е.А., Карасева О.В., Янюшкина О.Г., Лазарева А.В. Антибиотикорезистентность и вирулентность карбапенем-устойчивых штаммов Klebsiella pneumoniae, выделенных у детей в реанимационных и хирургических отделениях. Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2023; 100 (4): 321–332. [Novikova IE, Sadeeva ZZ, Alyabyeva NM, Samoylovas EA, Karaseva OV, Yanyushkina OG, Lazareva AV. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from children in intensive care and surgical units. Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Immunobiology. 2023; 100 (4): 321–332. (In Russ.)]. doi: https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-373.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Новикова И.Е., Садеева З.З., Алябьева Н.М., Самойлова Е.А., Карасева О.В., Янюшкина О.Г., Лазарева А.В. Антибиотикорезистентность и вирулентность карбапенем-устойчивых штаммов Klebsiella pneumoniae, выделенных у детей в реанимационных и хирургических отделениях. Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2023; 100 (4): 321–332. [Novikova IE, Sadeeva ZZ, Alyabyeva NM, Samoylovas EA, Karaseva OV, Yanyushkina OG, Lazareva AV. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from children in intensive care and surgical units. Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Immunobiology. 2023; 100 (4): 321–332. (In Russ.)]. doi: https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-373.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яковлев С.В., Суворова М.П., Быков А.О. Инфекции, вызванные карбапенеморезистентными энтеробактериями: эпидемиология, клиническое значение и возможности оптимизации антибактериальной терапии. Антибиотики и химиотер. 2020; 65 (5–6): 41–69. [Yakovlev SV, Suvorova MP, Bykov AO. Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales: epidemiology, clinical significance, and possibilities for antibiotic therapy optimization. Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy. 2020; 65 (5–6): 41–69. (In Russ.)]. doi: https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2020-65-5-6-41-69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Яковлев С.В., Суворова М.П., Быков А.О. Инфекции, вызванные карбапенеморезистентными энтеробактериями: эпидемиология, клиническое значение и возможности оптимизации антибактериальной терапии. Антибиотики и химиотер. 2020; 65 (5–6): 41–69. [Yakovlev SV, Suvorova MP, Bykov AO. Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales: epidemiology, clinical significance, and possibilities for antibiotic therapy optimization. Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy. 2020; 65 (5–6): 41–69. (In Russ.)]. doi: https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2020-65-5-6-41-69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giannella M, Trecarichi EM, De Rosa FG, V Del Bono, Bassetti M, Lewis RE, et al. Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection among rectal carriers: a prospective observational multicentre study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014; 20 (12): 1357–1362. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12747.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giannella M, Trecarichi EM, De Rosa FG, V Del Bono, Bassetti M, Lewis RE, et al. Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection among rectal carriers: a prospective observational multicentre study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014; 20 (12): 1357–1362. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12747.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zahar JR, Blot S, Nordmann P, Martischang R, Timsit J-F, Harbarth S, Barbier F. Screening for intestinal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in critically ill patients: expected benefits and evidence-based controversies. Clin Infect Dis. 2019; 68 (12): 2125–2130. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy864.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zahar JR, Blot S, Nordmann P, Martischang R, Timsit J-F, Harbarth S, Barbier F. Screening for intestinal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in critically ill patients: expected benefits and evidence-based controversies. Clin Infect Dis. 2019; 68 (12): 2125–2130. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy864.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orena BS, Liporace MF, Teri A, et al. Active surveillance of patients colonized with CRE: a single-center study based on a combined molecular/culture protocol. Antibiotics (Basel). 2024; 13 (11): 1053. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13111053.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orena BS, Liporace MF, Teri A, et al. Active surveillance of patients colonized with CRE: a single-center study based on a combined molecular/culture protocol. Antibiotics (Basel). 2024; 13 (11): 1053. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13111053.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panda S, Dash A, Chhotray P, Nayak B, Mouli TC, Mishra SB. Risk factors and clinical outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in intensive care unit: a retrospective observational study in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci. 2022; 12 (4): 217–221. doi: 10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_34_22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panda S, Dash A, Chhotray P, Nayak B, Mouli TC, Mishra SB. Risk factors and clinical outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in intensive care unit: a retrospective observational study in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci. 2022; 12 (4): 217–221. doi: 10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_34_22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mantzarlis K, Makris D, Manoulakas E, Karvouniaris M, Zakynthinos E. Risk factors for the first episode of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to carbapenems infection in critically ill patients: a prospective study. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:850547. DOI: 10.1155/2013/850547.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mantzarlis K, Makris D, Manoulakas E, Karvouniaris M, Zakynthinos E. Risk factors for the first episode of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to carbapenems infection in critically ill patients: a prospective study. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:850547. DOI: 10.1155/2013/850547.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Büyüktuna SA, Hasbek M, Çelik C, Ünlüsavuran M, Avci O, Baltaci S, et al. Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in the intensive care unit: risk factors related to carbapenem resistance and patient mortality. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2020; 54 (3): 378–391. doi: 10.5578/mb.69679.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Büyüktuna SA, Hasbek M, Çelik C, Ünlüsavuran M, Avci O, Baltaci S, et al. Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in the intensive care unit: risk factors related to carbapenem resistance and patient mortality. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2020; 54 (3): 378–391. doi: 10.5578/mb.69679.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen J, Xiang Q, Wu JY, Huang X-B, Wang C, Wei D-Q, Lv Y. Different effects of antibiotics on Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli resistance induced by antibiotics: a retrospective study from China. Microb Drug Resist. 2022; 28 (6): 660–669. doi: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0326.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen J, Xiang Q, Wu JY, Huang X-B, Wang C, Wei D-Q, Lv Y. Different effects of antibiotics on Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli resistance induced by antibiotics: a retrospective study from China. Microb Drug Resist. 2022; 28 (6): 660–669. doi: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0326.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антонова Е.Г., Жильцов И.В., Стахович И.И. Антибактериальная терапия госпитальных инфекций, вызванных карбапенемазопродуцирующими штаммами K. pneumoniae. Вестник Витебского государственного медицинского университета. 2022; 21 (3): 69–76. [Antonova EG, Zhiltsov IV, Stakhovich II. Antibacterial therapy of hospital infections caused by carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae strains. Vestnik Vitebskogo Gosudarstvennogo Meditsinskogo Universiteta. 2022; 21 (3): 69–76. (In Russ.)]. doi: https://doi.org/10.22263/2312-4156.2022.3.69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Антонова Е.Г., Жильцов И.В., Стахович И.И. Антибактериальная терапия госпитальных инфекций, вызванных карбапенемазопродуцирующими штаммами K. pneumoniae. Вестник Витебского государственного медицинского университета. 2022; 21 (3): 69–76. [Antonova EG, Zhiltsov IV, Stakhovich II. Antibacterial therapy of hospital infections caused by carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae strains. Vestnik Vitebskogo Gosudarstvennogo Meditsinskogo Universiteta. 2022; 21 (3): 69–76. (In Russ.)]. doi: https://doi.org/10.22263/2312-4156.2022.3.69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu L, Sun X, Ma X. Systematic review and meta-analysis of mortality of patients infected with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2017; 16 (1): 18. doi: 10.1186/s12941-017-0191-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu L, Sun X, Ma X. Systematic review and meta-analysis of mortality of patients infected with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2017; 16 (1): 18. doi: 10.1186/s12941-017-0191-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li D, Huang X, Rao H, Yu H, Long S, Li Y, Zhang J. Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023; 13: 1157010. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1157010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li D, Huang X, Rao H, Yu H, Long S, Li Y, Zhang J. Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023; 13: 1157010. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1157010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhen X, Stålsby Lundborg C, Sun X, Gu S, Dong H. Clinical and economic burden of carbapenem-resistant infection or colonization caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii: a multicenter study in China. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020; 9 (8): 514. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9080514.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhen X, Stålsby Lundborg C, Sun X, Gu S, Dong H. Clinical and economic burden of carbapenem-resistant infection or colonization caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii: a multicenter study in China. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020; 9 (8): 514. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9080514.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang W, Qiao F, Zhang Y, Huang J, Deng Y, Li J, Zong Z. In-hospital medical costs of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis. 2018; 67 (Suppl_2): S225–S230. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy642.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang W, Qiao F, Zhang Y, Huang J, Deng Y, Li J, Zong Z. In-hospital medical costs of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis. 2018; 67 (Suppl_2): S225–S230. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy642.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Octavia S, Kalisvar M, Venkatachalam I, Ng OT, Xu W, Sridatta PSR. et al. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella quasipneumoniae define the population structure of blaKPC-2 Klebsiella: a 5-year retrospective genomic study in Singapore. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2019; 74 (11): 3205–3210. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkz332.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Octavia S, Kalisvar M, Venkatachalam I, Ng OT, Xu W, Sridatta PSR. et al. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella quasipneumoniae define the population structure of blaKPC-2 Klebsiella: a 5-year retrospective genomic study in Singapore. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2019; 74 (11): 3205–3210. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkz332.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pierce VM, Simner PJ, Lonsway DR, Roe-Carpenter DE, Johnson JK, Brasso WB, et al. Modified carbapenem inactivation method for phenotypic detection of carbapenemase production among Enterobacteriaceae. J Clin Microbiol. 2017; 55 (8): 2321–2333. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00193-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pierce VM, Simner PJ, Lonsway DR, Roe-Carpenter DE, Johnson JK, Brasso WB, et al. Modified carbapenem inactivation method for phenotypic detection of carbapenemase production among Enterobacteriaceae. J Clin Microbiol. 2017; 55 (8): 2321–2333. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00193-17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pitout JDD, Peirano G, Kock MM, Strydom KA, Matsumura Y. The global ascendency of OXA-48-type carbapenemases. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019; 33 (1): e00102-19. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00102-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pitout JDD, Peirano G, Kock MM, Strydom KA, Matsumura Y. The global ascendency of OXA-48-type carbapenemases. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019; 33 (1): e00102-19. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00102-19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peirano G, Pitout JDD. Rapidly spreading Enterobacterales with OXA-48-like carbapenemases. J Clin Microbiol. 2025; 63 (2): e01515-24. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01515-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peirano G, Pitout JDD. Rapidly spreading Enterobacterales with OXA-48-like carbapenemases. J Clin Microbiol. 2025; 63 (2): e01515-24. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01515-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meng L, Liu Z, Liu C, Li C, Shen H, Cao X. The distribution characteristics of global blaOXA-carrying Klebsiella pneumoniae. BMC Infect Dis. 2023; 23 (1): 182. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08156-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meng L, Liu Z, Liu C, Li C, Shen H, Cao X. The distribution characteristics of global blaOXA-carrying Klebsiella pneumoniae. BMC Infect Dis. 2023; 23 (1): 182. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08156-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yahav D, Giske CG, Grāmatniece A, Abodakpi H, Tam VH, Leibovici L. New β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2020; 34 (1): e00115-20. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00115-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yahav D, Giske CG, Grāmatniece A, Abodakpi H, Tam VH, Leibovici L. New β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2020; 34 (1): e00115-20. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00115-20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Capitani V, Ceparano M, Rosso A, Antonelli G, Augurusa M, Baccolini V, et al.; Outbreak Investigation Collaborating Group. Hospital outbreak sustained by Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 147 co-producing NDM-1 and OXA-48, Rome, Italy, February to March 2025: molecular tracing and control measures. Euro Surveill. 2026; 31 (10): 2500457. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.10.2500457.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Capitani V, Ceparano M, Rosso A, Antonelli G, Augurusa M, Baccolini V, et al.; Outbreak Investigation Collaborating Group. Hospital outbreak sustained by Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 147 co-producing NDM-1 and OXA-48, Rome, Italy, February to March 2025: molecular tracing and control measures. Euro Surveill. 2026; 31 (10): 2500457. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2026.31.10.2500457.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sui W, Zhou H, Du P, Wang L, Qin T, Wang M, et al. Whole genome sequence revealed the fine transmission map of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates within a nosocomial outbreak. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2018; 7: 70. doi: 10.1186/s13756-018-0363-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sui W, Zhou H, Du P, Wang L, Qin T, Wang M, et al. Whole genome sequence revealed the fine transmission map of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates within a nosocomial outbreak. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2018; 7: 70. doi: 10.1186/s13756-018-0363-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Su Y, Zou G, Huang X, et al. Molecular characterization and resistance mechanisms of ertapenem-non-susceptible carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae co-harboring ESBLs or AmpC enzymes with porin loss or efflux pump overexpression. J Bacteriol. 2025; 207 (7): e00148-25. doi: 10.1128/JB.00148-25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Su Y, Zou G, Huang X, et al. Molecular characterization and resistance mechanisms of ertapenem-non-susceptible carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae co-harboring ESBLs or AmpC enzymes with porin loss or efflux pump overexpression. J Bacteriol. 2025; 207 (7): e00148-25. doi: 10.1128/JB.00148-25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agyekum A, Fajardo-Lubián A, Ai X, Ginn An, Zong Z, Guo X, et al. Predictability of phenotype in relation to common β-lactam resistance mechanisms in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol. 2016; 54 (5): 1243–1250. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02153-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agyekum A, Fajardo-Lubián A, Ai X, Ginn An, Zong Z, Guo X, et al. Predictability of phenotype in relation to common β-lactam resistance mechanisms in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol. 2016; 54 (5): 1243–1250. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02153-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Landman D, Bratu S, Quale J. Contribution of OmpK36 to carbapenem susceptibility in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Med Microbiol. 2009; 58 (Pt 10): 1303–1308. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.012575-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Landman D, Bratu S, Quale J. Contribution of OmpK36 to carbapenem susceptibility in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Med Microbiol. 2009; 58 (Pt 10): 1303–1308. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.012575-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma P, Laibinis HH, Ernst CM, Hung DT. Carbapenem resistance caused by high-level expression of OXA-663 β-lactamase in an OmpK36-deficient Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018; 62 (11) :e01281-18. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01281-18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma P, Laibinis HH, Ernst CM, Hung DT. Carbapenem resistance caused by high-level expression of OXA-663 β-lactamase in an OmpK36-deficient Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018; 62 (11) :e01281-18. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01281-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koçer İ, Erinmez M, Zer Y. Genetic evaluation of heteroresistance among carbapenem-susceptible clinical isolates of Enterobacterales. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2024; 2024: 5014876. doi: 10.1155/2024/5014876.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koçer İ, Erinmez M, Zer Y. Genetic evaluation of heteroresistance among carbapenem-susceptible clinical isolates of Enterobacterales. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2024; 2024: 5014876. doi: 10.1155/2024/5014876.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tato M, Morosini M, García L, Albertí S, Coque MT, Cantón R. Carbapenem heteroresistance in VIM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates belonging to the same clone: consequences for routine susceptibility testing. J Clin Microbiol. 2010; 48 (11): 4089–4093. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01130-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tato M, Morosini M, García L, Albertí S, Coque MT, Cantón R. Carbapenem heteroresistance in VIM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates belonging to the same clone: consequences for routine susceptibility testing. J Clin Microbiol. 2010; 48 (11): 4089–4093. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01130-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adams-Sapper S, Gayoso A, Riley LW. Stress-adaptive responses associated with high-level carbapenem resistance in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Pathog. 2018; 2018: 3028290. doi: 10.1155/2018/3028290.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adams-Sapper S, Gayoso A, Riley LW. Stress-adaptive responses associated with high-level carbapenem resistance in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Pathog. 2018; 2018: 3028290. doi: 10.1155/2018/3028290.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiong Y, Han Y, Zhao Z, Gao W, Ma Y, Jiang S, et al. Impact of carbapenem heteroresistance among multidrug-resistant ESBL/AmpC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates on antibiotic treatment in experimentally infected mice. Infect Drug Resist. 2021; 14: 5639–5650. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S340652.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xiong Y, Han Y, Zhao Z, Gao W, Ma Y, Jiang S, et al. Impact of carbapenem heteroresistance among multidrug-resistant ESBL/AmpC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates on antibiotic treatment in experimentally infected mice. Infect Drug Resist. 2021; 14: 5639–5650. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S340652.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Y, Chen X, Guo Y, et al. Overexpression of KPC contributes to ceftazidime-avibactam heteroresistance in clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024; 14: 1450530. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1450530.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Y, Chen X, Guo Y, et al. Overexpression of KPC contributes to ceftazidime-avibactam heteroresistance in clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024; 14: 1450530. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1450530.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen C, Zhang Y, Yu SL, Zhou Y, Yang S-Y, Jin J-L. et al. Tracking carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak in an intensive care unit by whole genome sequencing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019; 9: 281. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00281.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen C, Zhang Y, Yu SL, Zhou Y, Yang S-Y, Jin J-L. et al. Tracking carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak in an intensive care unit by whole genome sequencing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019; 9: 281. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00281.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu Q, Xu J, Chen X, Ren Y, Zhao L. Risk factors and molecular epidemiology of bloodstream infections due to carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2023; 106 (3): 115955. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.115955.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu Q, Xu J, Chen X, Ren Y, Zhao L. Risk factors and molecular epidemiology of bloodstream infections due to carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2023; 106 (3): 115955. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.115955.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heiden SE, Hübner NO, Bohnert JA, et al. A Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 outbreak clone from Germany demonstrates features of extensive drug resistance, hypermucoviscosity, and enhanced iron acquisition. Genome Med. 2020; 12 (1): 113. doi: 10.1186/s13073-020-00814-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heiden SE, Hübner NO, Bohnert JA, et al. A Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 outbreak clone from Germany demonstrates features of extensive drug resistance, hypermucoviscosity, and enhanced iron acquisition. Genome Med. 2020; 12 (1): 113. doi: 10.1186/s13073-020-00814-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агеевец В.А., Агеевец И.В., Сидоренко С.В. Конвергенция множественной резистентности и гипервирулентности у Klebsiella pneumoniae. Инфекция и иммунитет. 2022; 12 (3): 450–460. [Ageevets VA, Ageevets IV, Sidorenko SV. Convergence of multiple resistance and hypervirulence in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity. 2022; 12 (3): 450–460. (In Russ.)]. doi: https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-COM-1825.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Агеевец В.А., Агеевец И.В., Сидоренко С.В. Конвергенция множественной резистентности и гипервирулентности у Klebsiella pneumoniae. Инфекция и иммунитет. 2022; 12 (3): 450–460. [Ageevets VA, Ageevets IV, Sidorenko SV. Convergence of multiple resistance and hypervirulence in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity. 2022; 12 (3): 450–460. (In Russ.)]. doi: https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-COM-1825.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaidullina ER, Schwabe M, Rohde T, Shapovalova VV, Dyachkova MS, Matsvay AD, et al. Genomic analysis of the international high-risk clonal lineage Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 395. Genome Med. 2023; 15 (1): 9. doi: 10.1186/s13073-023-01159-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaidullina ER, Schwabe M, Rohde T, Shapovalova VV, Dyachkova MS, Matsvay AD, et al. Genomic analysis of the international high-risk clonal lineage Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 395. Genome Med. 2023; 15 (1): 9. doi: 10.1186/s13073-023-01159-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reyes JA, Melano R, Cárdenas PA, Trueba G. Mobile genetic elements associated with carbapenemase genes in South American Enterobacterales. Braz J Infect Dis. 2020; 24 (3): 231–238. doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2020.03.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reyes JA, Melano R, Cárdenas PA, Trueba G. Mobile genetic elements associated with carbapenemase genes in South American Enterobacterales. Braz J Infect Dis. 2020; 24 (3): 231–238. doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2020.03.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van der Zwaluw K, de Haan A, Pluister GN, Bootsma HJ, de Neeling AJ, Schouls LM. The carbapenem inactivation method (CIM), a simple and low-cost alternative for the Carba NP test to assess phenotypic carbapenemase activity in gram-negative rods. PLoS One. 2015; 10 (3): e0123690. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123690.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van der Zwaluw K, de Haan A, Pluister GN, Bootsma HJ, de Neeling AJ, Schouls LM. The carbapenem inactivation method (CIM), a simple and low-cost alternative for the Carba NP test to assess phenotypic carbapenemase activity in gram-negative rods. PLoS One. 2015; 10 (3): e0123690. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123690.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попов Д.А. Сравнительная характеристика современных методов определения продукции карбапенемаз. Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2019; 21 (2): 125–133. [Popov DA. Comparative review of the modern methods for carbapenemases detection. Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2019; 21 (2): 125–133. (In Russ.)]. doi: https://doi.org/10.36488/cmac.2019.2.125-133.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Попов Д.А. Сравнительная характеристика современных методов определения продукции карбапенемаз. Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2019; 21 (2): 125–133. [Popov DA. Comparative review of the modern methods for carbapenemases detection. Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2019; 21 (2): 125–133. (In Russ.)]. doi: https://doi.org/10.36488/cmac.2019.2.125-133.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sfeir MM, Hayden JA, Fauntleroy KA, Mazur C, Johnson JK, Simmer PJ, et al. EDTA-modified carbapenem inactivation method: a phenotypic method for detecting metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. J Clin Microbiol. 2019; 57 (5): e01757-18. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01757-18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sfeir MM, Hayden JA, Fauntleroy KA, Mazur C, Johnson JK, Simmer PJ, et al. EDTA-modified carbapenem inactivation method: a phenotypic method for detecting metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. J Clin Microbiol. 2019; 57 (5): e01757-18. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01757-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новикова И.Е., Садеева З.З., Шакирзянова Р.А. , Алябьева Н.М., Лазарева А.В., Карасева О.В. и др. Использование полимеразной цепной реакции для детекции генов резистентности у грамотрицательных бактерий в рутинной практике педиатрического стационара. Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2022; 67 (3): 180–185. [Novikova IE, Sadeeva ZZ, Shakirzyanova RA, Alyabeva NM, Lazareva AV, Karaseva OV, et al. The using of the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of resistance genes in gram-negative bacteria in routine practice in a pediatric hospital. Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics. 2022; 67 (3): 180–185. (In Russ.)]. doi: https://doi.org/10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-3-180-185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Новикова И.Е., Садеева З.З., Шакирзянова Р.А. , Алябьева Н.М., Лазарева А.В., Карасева О.В. и др. Использование полимеразной цепной реакции для детекции генов резистентности у грамотрицательных бактерий в рутинной практике педиатрического стационара. Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2022; 67 (3): 180–185. [Novikova IE, Sadeeva ZZ, Shakirzyanova RA, Alyabeva NM, Lazareva AV, Karaseva OV, et al. The using of the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of resistance genes in gram-negative bacteria in routine practice in a pediatric hospital. Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics. 2022; 67 (3): 180–185. (In Russ.)]. doi: https://doi.org/10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-3-180-185.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takissian J, Bonnin RA, Naas T, Dortet L. NG-Test Carba 5 for rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales from positive blood cultures. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019; 63 (5): e00011-19. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00011-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takissian J, Bonnin RA, Naas T, Dortet L. NG-Test Carba 5 for rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales from positive blood cultures. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019; 63 (5): e00011-19. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00011-19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jenkins S, Ledeboer NA, Westblade LF, Burnham CA, Faron ML, Bergman Y. et al. Evaluation of NG-Test Carba 5 for rapid phenotypic detection and differentiation of five common carbapenemase families: results of a multicenter clinical evaluation. J Clin Microbiol. 2020; 58 (7): e00344-20. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00344-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jenkins S, Ledeboer NA, Westblade LF, Burnham CA, Faron ML, Bergman Y. et al. Evaluation of NG-Test Carba 5 for rapid phenotypic detection and differentiation of five common carbapenemase families: results of a multicenter clinical evaluation. J Clin Microbiol. 2020; 58 (7): e00344-20. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00344-20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giordano L, Fiori B, D’Inzeo T, Parisi F, Menchinetti M, De Angelis G, et al. Simplified testing method for direct detection of carbapenemase-producing organisms from positive blood cultures using the NG-Test Carba 5 assay. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019; 63 (7): e00550-19. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00550-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giordano L, Fiori B, D’Inzeo T, Parisi F, Menchinetti M, De Angelis G, et al. Simplified testing method for direct detection of carbapenemase-producing organisms from positive blood cultures using the NG-Test Carba 5 assay. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019; 63 (7): e00550-19. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00550-19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Григорьевская З.В., Петухова И.Н., Дмитриева Н.В. Вспышка внутрибольничной инфекции, вызванной мультирезистентными (MDR) штаммами K. pneumoniae. Сибирский онкологический журнал. 2014; 2 (62): 5–8. [Grigoryevskaya ZV, Petukhova IN, Dmitrieva NV. Outbreak of hospital-acquired infection caused by multidrug-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae. Siberian Journal of Oncology. 2014;(2):5-8. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Григорьевская З.В., Петухова И.Н., Дмитриева Н.В. Вспышка внутрибольничной инфекции, вызванной мультирезистентными (MDR) штаммами K. pneumoniae. Сибирский онкологический журнал. 2014; 2 (62): 5–8. [Grigoryevskaya ZV, Petukhova IN, Dmitrieva NV. Outbreak of hospital-acquired infection caused by multidrug-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae. Siberian Journal of Oncology. 2014;(2):5-8. (In Russ).]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Effah CY, Drokow EK, Agboyibor C, Liu S, Nuamah E, Sun T, et al. Evaluation of the therapeutic outcomes of antibiotic regimen against carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2021; 12: 597907. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.597907.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Effah CY, Drokow EK, Agboyibor C, Liu S, Nuamah E, Sun T, et al. Evaluation of the therapeutic outcomes of antibiotic regimen against carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2021; 12: 597907. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.597907.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Duin D, Lok JJ, Earley M, Cober E, Richter S, Perez F, et al.; Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group. Colistin versus ceftazidime-avibactam in the treatment of infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Clin Infect Dis. 2018; 66 (2): 163–171. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix783.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Duin D, Lok JJ, Earley M, Cober E, Richter S, Perez F, et al.; Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group. Colistin versus ceftazidime-avibactam in the treatment of infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Clin Infect Dis. 2018; 66 (2): 163–171. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix783.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tumbarello M, Raffaelli F, Giannella M, et al. Ceftazidime-avibactam use for Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae infections: a retrospective observational multicenter study. Clin Infect Dis. 2021; 73 (9): 1664–1676. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tumbarello M, Raffaelli F, Giannella M, et al. Ceftazidime-avibactam use for Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae infections: a retrospective observational multicenter study. Clin Infect Dis. 2021; 73 (9): 1664–1676. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab176.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wunderink RG, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Rahav G, Mathers AJ, Bassetti M, Vazguez J, et al. Effect and safety of meropenem-vaborbactam versus best-available therapy in patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections: the TANGO II randomized clinical trial. Infect Dis Ther. 2018; 7 (4): 439–455. doi: 10.1007/s40121-018-0214-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wunderink RG, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Rahav G, Mathers AJ, Bassetti M, Vazguez J, et al. Effect and safety of meropenem-vaborbactam versus best-available therapy in patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections: the TANGO II randomized clinical trial. Infect Dis Ther. 2018; 7 (4): 439–455. doi: 10.1007/s40121-018-0214-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Motsch J, Murta de Oliveira C, Stus V, Köksal I, Lyulko O, Boucher HW, et al. RESTORE-IMI 1: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial comparing efficacy and safety of imipenem/relebactam versus colistin plus imipenem in patients with imipenem-nonsusceptible bacterial infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 70 (9): 1799–1808. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz530.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Motsch J, Murta de Oliveira C, Stus V, Köksal I, Lyulko O, Boucher HW, et al. RESTORE-IMI 1: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial comparing efficacy and safety of imipenem/relebactam versus colistin plus imipenem in patients with imipenem-nonsusceptible bacterial infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 70 (9): 1799–1808. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz530.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chi X, Meng X, Xiong L, Chen T, Zhou Y, Ji J, et al. Small wards in the ICU: a favorable measure for controlling the transmission of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Intensive Care Med. 2022; 48 (11): 1573–1581. doi: 10.1007/s00134-022-06881-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chi X, Meng X, Xiong L, Chen T, Zhou Y, Ji J, et al. Small wards in the ICU: a favorable measure for controlling the transmission of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Intensive Care Med. 2022; 48 (11): 1573–1581. doi: 10.1007/s00134-022-06881-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li R, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Qian K. Containment of a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in an intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health. 2025;13:1557068. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1557068.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li R, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Qian K. Containment of a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in an intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health. 2025;13:1557068. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1557068.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lam MMC, Wick RR, Watts SC, Cerdeira LT, Wyres KL, Holt KE. A genomic surveillance framework and genotyping tool for Klebsiella pneumoniae and its related species complex. Nat Commun. 2021; 12 (1): 4188. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24448-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lam MMC, Wick RR, Watts SC, Cerdeira LT, Wyres KL, Holt KE. A genomic surveillance framework and genotyping tool for Klebsiella pneumoniae and its related species complex. Nat Commun. 2021; 12 (1): 4188. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24448-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma Z, Mo L, Li C, Hu J, Zheng W, Zeng S, et al. Epidemiology and genomic characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in intensive care unit from 2021 to 2024. BMC Microbiol. 2025; 25 (1): 774. doi: 10.1186/s12866-025-04497-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma Z, Mo L, Li C, Hu J, Zheng W, Zeng S, et al. Epidemiology and genomic characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in intensive care unit from 2021 to 2024. BMC Microbiol. 2025; 25 (1): 774. doi: 10.1186/s12866-025-04497-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
