antibioticsАнтибиотики и ХимиотерапияAntibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy0235-2990ООО «Издательство ОКИ»10.37489/0235-2990-2026-71-5-6-82-96EPKZFEantibiotics-1377Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSЗначение экспресс-методов идентификации возбудителей и механизмов антибиотикорезистентности для оптимизации антибиотикотерапии: нарративный обзорThe value of rapid-methods for pathogen identification and antibiotic resistance mechanism detection in optimizing antibiotic therapy: a narrative reviewhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-2981-3190АветисянA. A.AvetisyanA. A.

Аветисян Аревик Артемовна - аспирант, ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация

Arevik A. Avetisyan - Postgraduate Student, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation

avetisyansechenov@yandex.comАлексееваЗ. Э.AlekseevZ. E.

Алексеев Захар Эдуардович - аспирант, ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация

Zakhar E. Alekseev - Postgraduate Student, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4444-7959ВолковаК. С.VolkovaK. S.

Волкова Карина Сергеевна - аспирант, ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация

Karina S. Volkova - Postgraduate Student, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8765-9886ГерлакП. В.GerlakP. V.

Герлак Полина Владимировна - аспирант, ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация

Polina V. Gerlak - Postgraduate Student, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6292-5136ГущянР. К.GushchyanR. K.

Гущян Рузанна Кареновна - ординатор, ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация

Ruzanna K. Gushchyan - Resident Physician, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2134-5034ДуловаМ. Д.DulovaM. D.

Дулова Мария Дмитриевна - ординатор, ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация

Maria D. Dulova - Resident Physician, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6252-222XКаспароваД. Р.KasparovaD. R.

Каспарова Даяна Рубеновна -  ординатор, ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация

Dayana R. Kasparova - Resident Physician, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9876-1209КожевниковИ. И.KozhevnikovI. I.

Кожевников Иван Игоревич - ординатор, ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация

Ivan I. Kozhevnikov - Resident Physician, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8622-6339КолнобрицкаяЕ. О.KolnobritskayaE. O.

Колнобрицкая Елизавета Олеговна - ординатор, ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация

Elizaveta O. Kolnobritskaya - Resident Physician, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3096-4698ЛитвакД. Б.LitvakD. B.

Литвак Диана Борисовна - ординатор, ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация

Diana B. Litvak - Resident Physician, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9811-7658МоураовО. И.MouraovO. I.

Моураов Олег Игоревич - ординатор, ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация

Oleg I. Mouraov - Resident Physician, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9053-8649ТеряеваП. Г.TeryaevaP. G.

Теряева Полина Геннадьевна - ординатор, ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация

Polina G. Teryaeva - Resident Physician, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation

ЧупинаТ. А.ChupinaT. A.

Чупина Татьяна Андреевна - ординатор, ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская Федерация

Tatiana A. Chupina - Resident Physician, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation

ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва, Российская ФедерацияРоссияIM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian FederationRussian Federation20222107202600Принято в печать8296Copyright © ООО «Издательство ОКИ», 20222022ООО «Издательство ОКИ»ООО «Издательство ОКИ»https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1377

Антибиотикорезистентность остаётся одной из наиболее значимых проблем современной клинической практики, поскольку ассоциирована с ростом летальности, увеличением продолжительности госпитализации и повышением экономической нагрузки на систему здравоохранения. Особое значение данная проблема имеет при инфекциях, вызванных ESKAPE-патогенами, карбапенеморезистентными бактериями семейства Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter baumannii и Pseudomonas aeruginosa, для которых своевременный выбор рациональной антибактериальной терапии влияет на прогноз. Целью настоящего обзора является обобщение современных данных о значении экспресс-методов идентификации возбудителей и выявления механизмов антибиотикорезистентности для оптимизации проведения антибиотикотерапии. Поиск литературы проводился в PubMed/MEDLINE, eLibrary, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar, Springer Link и ScienceDirect, в анализ включено 70 публикаций. Рассмотрены возможности мультиплексных ПЦР-панелей, MALDI-TOF MS, быстрых фенотипических методов определения чувствительности, метагеномного секвенирования и вспомогательных маркеров. Продемонстрировано, что экспресс-диагностика позволяет сократить время до назначения адекватной терапии, ускорить эскалацию при выявлении резистентных штаммов, способствовать деэскалации и снижать необоснованное применение антибиотиков. Наиболее выраженный клинический эффект достигается при интеграции быстрых диагностических тестов в программы рационального управления антимикробной терапией с участием микробиологов, клинических фармакологов и инфекционистов. Вместе с тем данные о влиянии экспресс-диагностики на летальность, продолжительность госпитализации и экономические затраты остаются неоднородными, что связано с различиями в локальной эпидемиологии AMR, доступности диагностических платформ, организации лабораторного процесса, маршрутизации результатов и качестве клинической интерпретации.

Antibiotic resistance represents one of the pressing challenges of contemporary clinical practice, as it contributes to increased mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and a growing economic burden on healthcare systems. This problem is of particular significance in infections caused by ESKAPE pathogens, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, for which the timely selection of rational antibacterial therapy directly affects prognosis. The aim of the present review is to synthesize current evidence on the value of rapid methods for pathogen identification and antibiotic resistance mechanism detection in optimizing antibiotic therapy. The literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, eLibrary, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar, Springer Link, and ScienceDirect; a total of 70 publications were included in the analysis. The capabilities of multiplex PCR panels, MALDI-TOF MS, rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods, metagenomic sequencing, and ancillary biomarkers are examined. It has been demonstrated that rapid diagnostics can shorten the time to appropriate therapy, accelerate escalation upon detection of resistant strains, facilitate de-escalation, and reduce unnecessary antibiotic use. The most pronounced clinical effect is achieved when rapid diagnostic tests are integrated into antimicrobial stewardship programs involving microbiologists, clinical pharmacologists, and infectious disease specialists. At the same time, data on the impact of rapid diagnostics on mortality rates, length of hospital stay, and economic costs remain heterogeneous, which is attributable to local epidemiological indicators, the availability of technologies, the organization of laboratory workflows, and the quality of clinical interpretation of results.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.