antibioticsАнтибиотики и ХимиотерапияAntibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy0235-2990ООО «Издательство ОКИ»10.37489/0235-2990-2026-71-5-6-61-73QJRZYSantibiotics-1380Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSГенетические маркеры антибиотикорезистентности в экспериментальных моделях и системах эпидемиологического надзораGenetic markers of antimicrobial resistance in experimental models and surveillance systemshttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-7022-3132ИсматовА. Х.IsmatovA. Kh.

Исматов Абдулло Хабибуллоевич - cтудент 6 курса, лечебный факультет, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко», Воронеж, Российская Федерация

Ismatov Abdullo Khabibulloevich - sixth-year student, Faculty of General Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko", Voronezh, Russian Federation

mff5475485@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-5637-8205РахманинаВ. С.RakhmaninaV. S.

Рахманина Виктория Сергеевна - cтудентка 6 курса, лечебный факультет, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко», Воронеж, Российская Федерация

Rakhmanina Victoria Sergeevna - sixth-year student, Faculty of General Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko", Voronezh, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5499-9807АлексахинаМ. А.AleksakhinaM. A.

Алексахина Марина Александровна - cтудентка 6 курса, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко», Воронеж, Российская Федерация

Aleksakhina Marina Aleksandrovna - sixth-year student, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko", Voronezh, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6191-7832АзизоваГ. Ф.AzizovaG. F.

Азизова Гюльсона Фикретовна - cтудентка 6 курса, лечебный факультет, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко», Воронеж, Российская Федерация

Azizova Gyulsona Fikretovna - sixth-year student, Faculty of General Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko", Voronezh, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2637-1312ИзмалковаА. А.IzmalkovaA. A.

Измалкова Алина Андреевна - cтудентка 6 курса, педиатрический факультет, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко», Воронеж, Российская Федерация

Izmalkova Alina Andreevna - sixth-year student, Faculty of Pediatrics, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko", Voronezh, Russian Federation

РощупкинМ. В.RoshchupkinM. V.

Рощупкин Михаил Вячеславович - cтудент 5 курса, стоматологический факультет, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко», Воронеж, Российская Федерация

Roshchupkin Mikhail Vyacheslavovich - 5th-year student, Faculty of Dentistry, Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, Voronezh, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7260-2961ИванюкА. Ю.IvanyukA. Yu.

Иванюк Ангелина Юрьевна - cтудентка 6 курса, лечебный факультет, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Курский государственный медицинский университет», Курск, Российская Федерация

Ivanyuk Angelina Yuryevna - 6th-year student, Faculty of General Medicine, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8310-0671ШустроваО. М.ShustrovaO. M.

Шустрова Ольга Михайловна - cтудентка 6 курса, лечебный факультет, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Курский государственный медицинский университет», Курск, Российская Федерация

Shustrova Olga Mikhailovna - 6th-year student, Faculty of General Medicine, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russian Federation

АлиеваС. Р.AliyevaS. R.

Алиева Сабият Расуловна - cтудентка 6 курса, лечебный факультет, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Курский государственный медицинский университет», Курск, Российская Федерация

Aliyeva Sabiyat Rasulovna - sixth-year student, Faculty of General Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kursk State Medical University," Kursk, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8451-015XЯковлеваА. О.YakovlevaA. O.

Яковлева Арина Олеговна - cтудентка 6 курса, лечебный факультет, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Курский государственный медицинский университет», Курск, Российская Федерация

Yakovleva Arina Olegovna - sixth-year student, Faculty of General Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kursk State Medical University," Kursk, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0966-0075ПирумянЛ. Г.PirumyanL. G.

Пирумян Лиана Герасимовна - врач-терапевт поликлинического отделения ГБУ РО «Центральная районная больница» в Неклиновском районе, Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

Pirumyan Liana Gerasimovna - physician, outpatient department, Central District Hospital in Neklinovsky District, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9306-294XМартыноваЯ. А.MartynovaY. A.

Мартынова Яна Андреевна - студентка 6 курса, педиатрический факультет, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет», Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

Martynova Yana Andreevna - 6th-year student, Faculty of Pediatrics, Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8082-4331МакаеваЭ. Т.MakayevaE. T.

Макаева Эльвина Тахировна - врач-терапевт участковый, Государственное учреждение здравоохранения «Липецкая городская поликлиника №1», Липецк, Российская Федерация

Makayeva Elvina Takhirovna - District General Practitioner, Lipetsk City Polyclinic No. 1, Lipetsk, Russian Federation

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко», Воронеж, Российская ФедерацияРоссияVoronezh State Medical University named after N.N. BurdenkoRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Курский государственный медицинский университет», Курск, Российская ФедерацияРоссияKursk State Medical UniversityRussian FederationГБУ РО «Центральная районная больница» в Неклиновском районе, Ростов-на-Дону, Российская ФедерацияРоссияCentral District Hospital in Neklinovsky DistrictRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет», Ростов-на-Дону, Российская ФедерацияРоссияRostov State Medical UniversityRussian FederationГосударственное учреждение здравоохранения «Липецкая городская поликлиника №1», Липецк, Российская ФедерацияРоссияLipetsk City Polyclinic No. 1Russian Federation20222207202600Принято в печать6173Copyright © ООО «Издательство ОКИ», 20222022ООО «Издательство ОКИ»ООО «Издательство ОКИ»https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/1380Актуальность

Актуальность. Антибиотикорезистентность (АМР) имеет высокую медико-социальную значимость, поскольку формируется на пересечении клинического применения антимикробных препаратов, ветеринарной практики, пищевого производства, экологического загрязнения и горизонтального переноса мобильных генетических элементов. Анализ АМР требует оценки не только отдельных генов устойчивости, но и моделей, диагностических подходов и систем эпиднадзора, прослеживающих распространение генов антибиотикорезистентности (antibiotic resistance genes, ARG) между клиническими, животными и экологическими резервуарами.

Цель

Цель. Обобщить данные об экспериментальных и вычислительных моделях распространения ARG, охарактеризовать выбранные генетические маркеры АМР и оценить современные подходы к их выявлению.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Выполнен нарративный обзор с прозрачной методологией поиска и тематическим синтезом. Поиск проводился в PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science и Google Scholar; последний поиск выполнен 2 мая 2026 г. После полнотекстовой оценки включено 46 источников.

Результаты

Результаты. Рассмотрены маркеры blaCTX-M-15, blaNDM, blaKPC, blaOXA-23, floR и intI1, а также мобильные генетические элементы, участвующие в их распространении. Обобщены возможности и ограничения in vitro-моделей, моделей кишечника, мышиных моделей, биоплёночных систем, математического моделирования, AST, ПЦР/qPCR, WGS, mNGS, ML и CRISPR-Cas12a-диагностики.

Заключение

Заключение. CRISPR-Cas12a-платформы могут использоваться для быстрого целевого скрининга заранее выбранных ARG, но не заменяют фенотипическое тестирование и геномный анализ. Наиболее обоснованным направлением является интеграция AST, WGS/mNGS, целевой молекулярной диагностики, ML и One Health-надзора.

Background

Background. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is shaped by clinical, veterinary, agricultural and environmental processes. Its analysis requires the assessment of resistance genes, experimental models, diagnostic approaches and surveillance systems that track antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) across human, animal and environmental reservoirs.

Objective

Objective. To summarize data on experimental and computational models of ARG dissemination, characterize selected AMR markers and evaluate current methods for their detection.

Material and methods

Material and methods. A narrative review with a transparent search strategy and thematic synthesis was conducted. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched; the last search was performed on May 2, 2026. After full-text assessment, 46 sources were included.

Results

Results. The review discusses blaCTX-M-15, blaNDM, blaKPC, blaOXA-23, floR and intI1, as well as mobile genetic elements involved in their dissemination. It summarizes the strengths and limitations of in vitro models, gut models, mouse models, biofilm systems, mathematical modelling, AST, PCR/qPCR, WGS, mNGS, machine learning and CRISPR-Cas12a diagnostics.

Conclusion

Conclusion. CRISPR-Cas12a platforms may support rapid targeted screening of predefined ARGs but do not replace phenotypic susceptibility testing or genome-scale analysis. The most robust strategy is the integration of AST, WGS/mNGS, targeted molecular diagnostics, machine learning and One Health surveillance.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.