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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-326</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL PAPERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетические детерминанты устойчивости к антибактериальным средствам в нозокомиальных штаммах Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. и Enterobacter spp., выделенных в России в 2003-2007 гг</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic Determinants of Antibacterial Resistance Among Nosocomial Escherichia coli Klebsiella spp., and Enterobacter spp. Isolates Collected in Russia within 2003-2007</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прямчук</surname><given-names>С. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pryamchuk</surname><given-names>S. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фурсова</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fursova</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абаев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abaev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>YU. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Печерских</surname><given-names>Э. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pecherskikh</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коробова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korobova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асташкин</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Astashkin</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пачкунов</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pachkunov</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Круглов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kruglov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидоренко</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorenko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Светоч</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svetoch</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дятлов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyatlov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный научный центр Прикладной микробиологии и биотехнологии Роспотребнадзора, Оболенск</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Research Centre for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальное агентство клинической фармакологии и фармации, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Agency for Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт доклинической и клинической экспертизы лекарственных средств Росздравнадзора, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Preclinical and Clinical Drug Expertise, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт детских инфекций ФМБА, Санкт-Петербург</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Research Institute for Pediatric Infections, FMBA, St.Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>55</volume><issue>9-10</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>10</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ООО «Издательство ОКИ», 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/326">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/326</self-uri><abstract><p>Клинические изоляты энтеробактерий, выделенные в 2003-2004 гг. (n=411) и в 2005-2007 гг. (n=422), имеют высокие уровни устойчивости к цефалоспоринам III-IV поколений, а также к антибактериальным средствам других групп (аминогликозидам, фторхинолонам, хлорамфениколу, ко-тримоксазолу). С помощью полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) показано наличие в изолятах E.coli, Klebsiella spp. и Enterobacter spp. генов, кодирующих бета-лактамазы (БЛ) типов TEM, SHV, CTX-M, OXA и AmpC. Преобладающими ферментами являются БЛ CTX-M-типа, которые определены у 85% E.coli, 87% Klebsiella spp. и 38% Enterobacter spp. в первой коллекции; а также у 94% E.coli, 91% Klebsiella spp. и 38% Enterobacter spp. - во второй. Среди них идентифицированы гены, принадлежащие к трём подтипам: blaCTX-M-1 (228 blaCTX-M-15 и шесть bl®CTX-M-3 - в первой коллекции; 275 blOCTX-M-15, три blaCTX-M-3 и один blacτχ_M_22 - во второй), blaCTX-M-2 (один blaCTX-M-5 в первой коллекции; один blaCTX_M_2 - во второй), blaCTX_M_9 (17 blaCTX_M_14 и один blaCTX-M-9 в первой коллекции; семь blaCTX-M-14 и один blaCTX_M_9 - во второй). Три изолята в первой коллекции и один изолят во второй имели два гена разных кластеров - blaCTX-M-15 и blaCTX-M-14 - одновременно. Высокие уровни ассоциативной устойчивости изученных изолятов к ципрофлоксацину, ко-тримоксазолу, гентамицину, амикацину и хлорамфениколу связаны с наличием кассет устойчивости aadAl, aadA2, aadA5, aadB, aacA4, aac(6)Ib; dfrAl, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA17, cmlAl, ereA2 и catB8 в составе интегронов 1 класса, а также кассет устойчивости dfrA1, sat1 и aadA1 - в составе интегронов 2 класса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nosocomial bacterial Isolates collected within 2003-2004 (n=411) and 2005-2007 (n=422) were highly resistant to cephalosporins III-IV and antibacterials of other groups (aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolons, chloramphenicol, and co-trimoxazole). Genes encoding TEM, SHV, CTX-M, OXA-2, and AmpC types of beta-lactamases (BLs) in the E.coli, Klebsiella spp., and Enterobacter spp. isolates were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Prevalent CTX-M-type BLs were detected in 85% of the E.coli, 87% of the Klebsiella spp., and 38% of the Enterobacter spp. isolates of the first strain collection and in 94% of the E.coli, 91% of the Klebsiella spp., and 38% of the Enterobacter spp. isolates of the second one. Genes belonging to three subtypes of blaCTX-M genes were identified: blaCTX-M-1 (228 blaCTX-M-15 and six blaCTX-M-3 of the first strain collection; 275 blaCTX-M-15, three blaCTX-M-3, and one blaCTX-M-22 of the second one), blaCTX-M-2 (one blaCTX_M_5 of the first strain collection and one blaCTX-M-2 of the second one), blaCTX-M-9 (17 blaCTX-M-14 and one blaCTX-M-9 of the first strain collection; seven blaCTX-M-14 and one blaCTX-M-9 of the second one). Three isolates of the first strain collection and one isolate of the second one carried two genes belonging to two different subtypes i. e. blaCTX-M-15 and blaCTX-M-14 simultaneously. The bacterial isolates had high levels of associative resistance to ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, amikacin, and chloramphenicol associated with the resistance gene cassettes aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aadB, aacA4, aac(6)Ib; dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA17, cmlA1, ereA2, and catB8 in the class 1 integrons and the resistance gene cassettes dfrA1, sat1, and aadA1 in the class 2 integrons.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нозокомиальные изоляты</kwd><kwd>устойчивость к антибиотикам</kwd><kwd>гены blaCTX_M</kwd><kwd>интегроны</kwd><kwd>генные кассеты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nosocomial isolates</kwd><kwd>antibacterial resistance</kwd><kwd>blaCTX_Mgenes</kwd><kwd>integrons</kwd><kwd>gene cassettes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paterson D. L., Bonomo R. A. Extended-spectrum ß-lactamases: a clinical update. 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