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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-36</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>В ПОМОЩЬ ПРАКТИКУЮЩЕМУ ВРАЧУ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GUIDELINES FOR PRACTITIONERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фармакоэпидемиологическое исследование использования антибактериальных средств в многопрофильных: стационарах Санкт-Петербурга</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacoepidemiological Study of the Use of Antibacterial Agents in the Multi-Speciality Hospitals of St. Petersburg</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидоренко</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorenko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колбин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolbin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шляпников</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shlyapnikov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кужель</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzhel</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Репина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Repina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобзин</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobzin</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климко</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimko</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яблонский</surname><given-names>П. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yablonsky</surname><given-names>P. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазуров</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazurov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щеголев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchegolev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рудакова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudakova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилъченко</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilchenko</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маликов</surname><given-names>А. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malikov</surname><given-names>A. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балыкина</surname><given-names>Ю. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balykina</surname><given-names>Yu. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мосикян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mosikyan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ детских инфекций; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Children's Infections; North-West State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Saint Petersburg University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова; НИИ скорой помощи им. И.И. Джанелидзе</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-West State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov; St. Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Территориальный фонд обязательного медицинского страхования Санкт-Петербурга</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Territorial fund of compulsory medical insurance of St. Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Children's Infections; North-West State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-West State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-9"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ детских инфекций</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Children's Infections</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-10"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>62</volume><issue>7-8</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ООО «Издательство ОКИ», 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/36">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/36</self-uri><abstract><p>По инициативе Территориального фонда обязательного медицинского страхования (ТФОМС) Санкт-Петербурга в течение 2014 г. в четырёх многопрофильных стационарах города (с общим коечным фондом более 4 тыс) было инициировано ретроспективное кросс-секционное обсервационное исследование структуры и адекватности применения антибиотиков. Всего было проанализировано 18250 медицинских карт стационарного больного, из которых было отобрано 2008 карт пациентов, получавших антибиотики, по отобранным картам были заполнены ИРК. В дальнейшем из 2008 ИРК, после окончательной проверки электронной базы, были оставлены 1978 ИРК, которые и были включены в подробный анализ. Из 1978 случаев назначения антибиотиков микробиологическое исследование было проведено в 585 (28%). Каждый пациент получил в среднем 1,9 курсов антибиотиков. В основном длительность составляла до двух недель. В 51% случаев были назначены короткие курсы (от 1 до 5 дней), в 40% случаев длительность терапии колебалась от 6 до 14 дней. Лишь 9% приходилось на приём антибиотиков более 2 недель. Всего было использовано 60 различных антибиотиков. На цефтриаксон, метронидазол, ципрофлоксацин, цефазолин и цефотаксим приходится 78% назначений. Чаще всего использовали комбинированную терапию из 2 антибактериальных препаратов. На периопера-ционную профилактику в хирургии приходилось 22% назначений, в 67% случаев антибиотики назначали с целью эмпирической терапии. Направленная терапия составляла лишь 7% от общего числа назначений. Только в 14% случаев длительность первичной антибиотикопрофилактики в хирургии составляла до 24 ч. При остром пиелонефрите адекватная антибактериальная терапия была назначена в 26% случаев, при внебольничной пневмонии - в 31%. В 35% случаев антибиотики были назначены при отсутствии документированных в истории болезни признаков бактериальной инфекции. Очевидна настоятельная необходимость принятия срочных мер по оптимизации практики антибактериальной терапии в стационарах Санкт-Петербурга.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>At the initiative of the St. Petersburg's Territorial Fund for Mandatory Medical Insurance a retrospective cross-sectional observational study of the structure and adequacy of antibiotic use was initiated in four multi-specialty hospitals in the city (with a total bed capacity of more than 4 thousand) in 2014. In total, 18,250 medical records of the inpatients were analyzed, of which 2008 cards of the patients receiving antibiotics were selected, the CRFs were filled in according to the selected cards. Subsequently, 1978 of the 2008 CRFs were included in the detailed analysis after the final verification of the electronic database. Of the 1978 antibiotic prescriptions, a microbiological study was assigned in 585 (28%). Each patient received an average of 1.9 courses of antibiotics. In general, the therapy duration was up to two weeks. Short courses (from 1 to 5 days) were prescribed in 51% of cases, in 40% of cases the duration of therapy ranged from 6 to 14 days. Only 9% had to take antibiotics for more than 2 weeks. A total of 60 different antibiotics were used. Ceftriaxone, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, and cefotaxime accounted for 78% of prescriptions. The most commonly prescribed combination therapy used 2 antibacterial drugs. Perioperative prophylaxis in surgery accounted for 22% of prescriptions, antibiotics were prescribed for the purpose of empirical therapy in 67% of cases. Targeted therapy accounted for only 7% of the total number of medical prescriptions. The duration of primary antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery was up to 24 hours only in 14% of the cases. Adequate antibiotic therapy was prescribed in 26% of the cases of acute pyelonephritis and in 31% of the cases of community-acquired pneumonia. Antibiotics were prescribed in the absence of the signs of bacterial infection documented in the medical history in 35% of the cases. There is an obvious need to take urgent measures to optimize the practice of antibiotic therapy in hospitals of St. Petersburg.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фармакоэпидемиология</kwd><kwd>антибактериальные средства</kwd><kwd>многопрофильные стационары</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pharmacoepidemiology</kwd><kwd>antibacterial agents</kwd><kwd>multi-specialty hospitals</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spellberg B., Guidos R., Gilbert D. et al. The epidemic of antibiotic-resistant infections: a call to action for the medical community from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 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