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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-554</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>В ПОМОЩЬ ПРАКТИКУЮЩЕМУ ВРАЧУ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GUIDELINES FOR PRACTITIONERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мониторинг и профиль антибиотикорезистентности микробиоты трахеального аспирата у детей с тяжёлой черепно-мозговой травмой в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Monitoring and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Tracheal Aspirate Microbiota in ICU Children with Severe Craniocerebral Trauma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазарева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazareva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Катосова</surname><given-names>Л. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katosova</surname><given-names>L. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крыжановская</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryzhanovskaya</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономаренко</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarenko</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карасева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karaseva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горелик</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorelik</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маянский</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mayanskiy</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научный центр здоровья детей РАМН, НИИ неотложной детской хирургии и травматологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Children's Health, Research Institute for Urgent Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научный центр здоровья детей РАМН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Children's Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ неотложной детской хирургии и травматологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute for Urgent Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>аучный центр здоровья детей РАМН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific Centre for Children's Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>7-8</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ООО «Издательство ОКИ», 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/554">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/554</self-uri><abstract><p>Нозокомиальные инфекции и проблема рациональной антимикробной терапии инфекционных осложнений приобрели особую значимость и актуальность в современной медицине. Среди возбудителей госпитальных инфекций наибольшее значение имеют грамотрицательные микроорганизмы: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii и представители семейства Enterobacteriaceae, характеризующиеся высоким уровнем приобретённой резистентности. С целью изучения динамики колонизации внутрибольничными микроорганизмами слизистых оболочек верхних дыхательных путей у 69 детей с тяжёлой черепно-мозговой травмой, находившихся в ОРИТ на ИВЛ, 3-кратно исследовали трахеальный аспират. Колонизация слизистых оболочек верхних дыхательных путей происходила после 4 дня госпитализации. Наиболее часто выделялись K.pneumoniae (45%) и A.baumannii (27-37%). Заселение P.aeruginosa наступало после 8 суток пребывания в ОРИТ, эта бактерия присутствовала у 33% пациентов. Уровень резистентности к меропенему у P.aeruginosa, A.baumannii и K.pneumoniae достигал 61, 78 и 25% соответственно. Тип карбапенемазы исследовали у 65 изолятов, резистентных к карбапенемам. У 11 из 14 (78%) штаммов K.pneumoniae выявлена карбапенемаза OXA-48. Среди A.baumannii доминировала карбапенемаза ОХА-40 (30/31, 97%), у 1 штамма обнаружена карбапенемаза ОХА-23 (1/37, 3%). Основным механизмом, определяющим резистентность P.aeruginosa к карбапенемам, стала продукция металло-бета-лактамаз, причём у 60% (12/20) штаммов присутствовал ген, кодирующий VIM-2. Таким образом, грамотрицательная внутрибольничная микрофлора быстро колонизирует поступающих в ОРИТ пациентов и отличается высокой резистентностью к основным антибактериальным препаратам, в том числе карбапенемам.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nosocomial infections and their rational antibiotic treatment represent a major challenge for the healthcare nowadays. In this context, gramnegative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumanii and Enterobacteriaceae spp. are etiologically important and characterized by a significant level of antibiotic resistance. To examine dynamics of the respiratory tract colonization by hospital flora, tracheal aspirates obtained at three time points from 69 children with severe craniocerebral trauma during their stay in ICU were analysed. Colonization was observed on the 4th day of the ICU stay with predomination of K.pneumoniae (45%) and A.baumanii (27-37%). P.aeruginosa was detected after the 8th day of the ICU stay with the isolation rate of 33%. Substantial proportions of P.aeruginosa (61%), A.baumanii (78%) and K.pneumoniae (25%) were resistant to carbapenems. In 65 carbapemen resistant isolates, the presence of carbapenemases was examined using PCRs. OXA-48 carbapenemase was detected in 11 out of 14 (78%) K.pneumoniae isolates. Among the A.baumanii isolates, 30/31 (97%) carried OXA-40 and 1/31 (3%) had OXA-23 carbapenemases. None of the examined A.baumanii and K.pneumoniae isolates produced metallo-betalactamases (MBL). In contrast, all 20 car-bapenem resistant P.aeruginosa isolates produced a MBL, and in 12 out of 20 (60%) of theme VIM-2 was detected. Thus, gramnegative nosocomial microflora rapidly colonizes ICU patients and has a high level of resistance to antibiotics, including carbapenems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нозокомиальная микробиота</kwd><kwd>карбапенемазы</kwd><kwd>ОРИТ</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nosocomial microbiota</kwd><kwd>intensive care unit</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>carbapenemases</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шагинян И.А., Чернуха М.Ю. Неферментирующие грамотрицательные бактерии в этиологии внутрибольничных инфекций: клинические, микробиологические и эпидемиологические особенности. 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