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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-611</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методология поиска новых антибиотиков: состояние и перспективы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methodology of Screening New Antibiotics: Present Status and Prospects</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тренин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trenin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ по изысканию новых антибиотиков им. Г.Ф. Гаузе</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>G.F. Gause Institute of New Antibiotics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>7-8</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тренин А.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тренин А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trenin A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/611">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/611</self-uri><abstract><p>В связи с широким распространением устойчивости возбудителей инфекционных заболеваний к существующим лекарственным препаратам, серьёзными проблемами в лечении микробных и вирусных инфекций, опухолевых заболеваний, потребность в новых антибиотиках чрезвычайно велика. В обзоре рассматриваются основные методологические подходы к созданию антибиотиков - возможностью их получения химическим синтезом или путём поиска биологически активных природных соединений, главным образом среди продуктов микробного вторичного метаболизма. Поиск природных соединений, отличающихся большим разнообразием, позволяет получать антибиотики разнообразной химической структуры и различного механизма действия, способен обеспечить создание новых эффективных лекарственных средств. Основное внимание в обзоре уделяется работе с микроорганизмами-продуцентами и образуемыми ими микробными метаболитами. Подробно рассматриваются методологические вопросы, связанные с выделением микроорганизмов из природных мест обитания, культивированием продуцентов, приводящим к накоплению ими биологически активных соединений, выделением и химической идентификацией микробных метаболитов, выявлением характера их биологического действия. Особое внимание уделяется вопросам микробного вторичного метаболизма и разработке новых моделей поиска биологически активных соединений. Рассматриваются достижения последних лет и наиболее перспективные направления дальнейших исследований. Основной методологический подход, связанный с выделением и культивированием продуцентов, сохраняет актуальность, однако нуждается в значительном усовершенствовании. Повышение эффективности поисковых работ может быть обеспечено ускорением химической идентификации антибиотиков, а также разработкой и применением новых моделей поиска, основанных на выявлении биологической активности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Due to extensive distribution of pathogen resistance to available pharmaceuticals and serious problems in the treatment of various infections and tumor diseases, the necessity of new antibiotics is urgent. The basic methodological approaches to chemical synthesis of antibiotics and screening of new antibiotics among natural products, mainly among microbial secondary metabolites, are considered in the review. Since the natural compounds are very much diverse, screening of such substances gives a good opportunity to discover antibiotics of various chemical structure and mechanism of action. Such an approach followed by chemical or biological transformation, is capable of providing the health care with new effective pharmaceuticals. The review is mainly concentrated on screening of natural products and methodological problems, such as: isolation of microbial producers from the habitats, cultivation of microorganisms producing appropriate substances, isolation and chemical characterization of microbial metabolites, identification of the biological activity of the metabolites. The main attention is paid to the problems of microbial secondary metabolism and design of new models for screening biologically active compounds. The last achievements in the field of antibiotics and most perspective approaches to future investigations are discussed. The main methodological approach to isolation and cultivation of the producers remains actual and needs constant improvement. The increase of the screening efficiency can be achieved by more rapid chemical identification of antibiotics and design of new screening models based on the biological activity detection.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>поиск антибиотиков</kwd><kwd>антибактериальные</kwd><kwd>противогрибковые</kwd><kwd>противовирусные и противоопухолевые антибиотики</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы биосинтеза стеролов</kwd><kwd>мишени действия антибиотиков</kwd><kwd>новые антибиотики</kwd><kwd>микробные модели в поиске антибиотиков</kwd><kwd>микробные тест-системы</kwd><kwd>вторичный метаболизм</kwd><kwd>культивирование микробных продуцентов</kwd><kwd>миниатюризация</kwd><kwd>выделение и идентификация антибиотиков</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antibiotic screening</kwd><kwd>antimicrobials</kwd><kwd>antifungals</kwd><kwd>antivirals</kwd><kwd>antitumors</kwd><kwd>sterol biosynthesis inhibitors</kwd><kwd>targets</kwd><kwd>new antibiotics</kwd><kwd>microbial models for antibiotic screening</kwd><kwd>microbial test-systems</kwd><kwd>secondary metabolism</kwd><kwd>producer cultivation</kwd><kwd>miniaturization</kwd><kwd>antibiotic recovery and identification</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shallcross L.J., Davies S.C. 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