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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-698</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>В ПОМОЩЬ ПРАКТИКУЮЩЕМУ ВРАЧУ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GUIDELINES FOR PRACTITIONERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Несоответствие по эффективности пневмококковой вакцины в развитых и развивающихся странах: может ли вакцинация сократить разрыв?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Disparities in Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Vaccine in Industrialized and Developing Countries: Is Vaccination Closing the Gap?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнетски</surname><given-names>Р. ..</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kornetsky</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гринберг</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Greenberg</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">dudi@bgu.ac.il</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фалуп-Пекурариу</surname><given-names>О. ..</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Falup-Pecurariu</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Университет им. Бен-Гуриона Негев</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>Университетский медицинский центр Сорока</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-3"><institution>Университет Трансильвании</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>11-12</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Корнетски Р..., Гринберг Д., Фалуп-Пекурариу О..., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Корнетски Р..., Гринберг Д., Фалуп-Пекурариу О...</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kornetsky R., Greenberg D., Falup-Pecurariu O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/698">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/698</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Streptococcus pneumoniae вызывает серьёзные заболевания, включая пневмонию, менингит и бактериемию, смертность от которых особо велика в развивающихся странах. Цель настоящего исследования - проанализировать, будет ли снижение частоты инвазивной пневмококковой инфекции (ИПИ) и пневмонии в развитых и развивающихся странах близким после внедрения пневмококковой конъюгированной вакцины, а также выявить изменения в несоответствии показателей заболеваемости в этих странах. Материал и методы. Поиск литературы проведён с использованием базы данных PubMed и поисковой системы Академия Google. Основным критерием отбора было проведение сравнения заболеваемости ИПИ и пневмонией у детей до и после введения вакцины PCV7, PCV10 или PCV13. Глубокому анализу подвергали только те публикации, в которых был указан коэффициент заболеваемости ИПИ или пневмонией в совокупности с количественными данными. Результаты. В совокупности 22 статьи были полнотекстовыми оригинальными публикациями, а одна представляла собой обзорную статью. В течение трёх лет после внедрения PCV в США общая заболеваемость ИПИ снизилась с 98,7 случаев на 100000 до 20 случаев на 100000 детей младше 5 лет, аналогичное снижение было зафиксировано также в Европе, Канаде, Австралии и Израиле. В ЮАР заболеваемость ИПИ среди детей младше 2 лет снизилась от исходного момента времени до 2011 г. с 54,8 до 21,7 случая на 100000 населения и далее уменьшилась до 17,0 случаев на 100000 населения в 2012 г. (общее снижение - 69%). Коэффициент заболеваемости пневмонией у детей в возрасте &lt;5 лет по оценкам составляет 0,29 случая на ребёнко-год в развивающихся странах и 0,05 случая на ребёнко-год в развитых. После внедрения вакцины PCV7 частота госпитализации по поводу пневмонии среди детей младше 5 лет в США уменьшилась с 1274/100000 до 723/100000, в Великобритании - с 1340/100000 детей до 1079/100000 детей. В Никарагуа коэффициент снижения частоты госпитализаций составил 0,67 (95% ДИ: 0,59-0,75) среди новорожденных и 0,74 (95% ДИ: 0,67-0,81) среди детей в возрасте 1 год, в Уругвае она снизилась с 1542/100000 до 1227/100000, а в ЮАР - с ~96/1000 в 2008-2009 гг. до 69,3/1000 (27,8%). Заключение. PCV эффект ивны в отношении уменьшения заболеваемости пневмонией и ИПИ как в развитых, так и в развивающихся странах. Несмотря на то что в развивающихся странах PCV ещё не внедрены, существует надежда, что при включении PCV в национальные программы иммунизации заболеваемость ИПИ, возможно, снизится до уровней развитых стран, что также приведёт к снижению уровня заболеваемости пневмонией. Для более точной оценки степени снижения заболеваемости ИПИ и пневмонией в результате вакцинации необходимо во всех странах, особенно в развивающихся, в которых внедрены PCV, провести мониторинговые исследования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Backgrounds Streptococcus pneumoniae cause serious disease including pneumonia, meningitis and bacteremia and mortality is seen most in developing countries. The aim of the study was to determine if the reduction in IPD and pneumonia rates were similar in developed and developing countries after the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugated vaccine and to determine changes in the disparities of these diseases rates in these countries. Methods. Literature searches were conducted by using the PubMed database and Google scholar. The main criterion for selection was that the studies compare incidence of IPD or pneumonia in children pre and post PCV7, PCV10, or PCV13 vaccine introduction. Only published articles that described the incidence rate of IPD or pneumonia with quantitative data were fully reviewed in detail. Results. A total of 22 articles were full-text original publications and one was a review article. Within 3 years of PCV introduction in the United States, all-cause IPD dropped from 98.7/100,000 to 20/100,000 children &lt;5 years of age and similar such reductions were also documented in Europe, Canada, Australia and Israel. In South Africa, rate of IPD incidence among children younger than 2 years of age declined from 54.8 to 21.7 cases per 100,000 from the baseline to 2011 and the further decreased to 17.0 cases per 100,000 person in 2012 (total reduction of 69%. The incidence rates of pneumonia in children &lt;5 years were estimated to be 0.29 episodes per child-year in developing and 0.05 episodes per child-year in developed countries. After PCV7 introduction the rates of pneumonia hospitalizations in &lt;5 years old decreased in the US from 1,274/100,000 to 723/100,000 in UK, from 1,340/100,000 children to 1,079/per 100,000 children. In Nicaragua reduction of rate ration of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.59-0.75) among infants and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.67-0.81) among 1 year olds and Uruguay from 1,542/100,000 to 1,227/100,000 and in South Africa, from ~96/1,000 in 2008-2009 to 69.3/1,000 (27.8%). Conclusions. PCVs are effective in both industrialized and developing countries in reducing IPD and pneumonia. Although developing countries are behind in PCV introduction, there is hope that if PCV is introduced in national immunization programs, IPD can perhaps be reduced to that of levels in industrialized countries, also resulting in reduced levels of pneumonia incidences. More surveillance studies are needed in all countries, but especially in developing countries that have introduced PCV to more accurately determine IPD and pneumonia reduction as a result of vaccination.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пневмококковые вакцины</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>пневмония</kwd><kwd>инвазивная пневмококковая инфекция</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Organization W.H. Estimated Hib and pneumococcal deaths for children under 5 years of age. 2008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Organization W.H. Estimated Hib and pneumococcal deaths for children under 5 years of age. 2008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Organization W.H. Pneumococcal Vaccines: WHO position paper. 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