antibioticsАнтибиотики и ХимиотерапияAntibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy0235-2990ООО «Издательство ОКИ»10.37489/0235-2990-2020-65-3-4-16-22antibiotics-717Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИORIGINAL PAPERSЭффективность антифунгальных препаратов в отношении грибов рода Сandida, выделенных в Московском регионеThe Effectiveness of Antifungal Agents Against Yeasts of Candida Genus Isolated in Moscow RegionАхапкинаИ. Г.AkhapkinaI. G.

Кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник ла­боратории «Экологической биотехнологии»

105064 Москва Малый Казен­ный пер. д. 5А

 

ГлушаковаА. М.GlushakovaA. M.

Кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборато­рии «Экологической биотехнологии»

РодионоваЕ. Н.RodionovaE. N.

Лаборант лаборатории «Экологической биотехнологии»

КачалкинА. В.KachalkinA. V.

Кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник кафе­дры биологии почв факультета почвоведения

Pushchino, Moscow region

ФГБНУ НИИ вакцин и сывороток им. И. И. МечниковаРоссияI. I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and SeraRussian FederationФГБНУ НИИ вакцин и сывороток им. И. И. Мечникова; ФГБОУВО Московский государственный университет им. М. В. ЛомоносоваРоссияI. I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera; Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУВО Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова; Институт биохимии и физиологии микроорганизмов им. Г. К. Скрябина РАНРоссияLomonosov Moscow State University; G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms of the RASRussian Federation202007062020653-41622Copyright © Ахапкина И.Г., Глушакова А.М., Родионова Е.Н., Качалкин А.В., 20202020Ахапкина И.Г., Глушакова А.М., Родионова Е.Н., Качалкин А.В.Akhapkina I.G., Glushakova A.M., Rodionova E.N., Kachalkin A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/717

К современным проблемам лечения кандидозов относятся изменение чувствительности грибов к используемым, часто с целью профилактики, антифунгальным препаратам, и изменение спектра ведущих этиологических агентов.

Цель

Цель. Анализ изменения эффективности антимикотиков в отношении грибов рода Candida, выделенных из клинических и природных материалов в течение 2014—2019 гг. в Москве.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Антибиотикочувствигельность 186 изолятов (75 кли­нических, 128 природных) видов: Candida albicans, C.parapsilosis, C.glabrata, C.krusei (Pichia kudriavzevii), C.intermedia, C.tropicalis, C.lusitaniae (Clavispora lusitaniae), C.guilliermondii (Meyerozymaguilliermondii) определяли диско-диффузным методом.

Результаты

Результаты. Частота встречаемости среди клинических изолятов, выделенных в 2014 г.: C.albicans (23,53%), C.tropicalis (20,59%), C.guilliermondii (20,58%), C.parapsilosis (17,65%), C.glabrata (17,65%); в 2019 г. — C.parapsilosis (21,95%), C.albicans (17,07%), C.tropicalis (12,19%), C.guilliermondii (12,19%), C.krusei (9,76%), C.glabrata (9,76%), C.lusitaniae (9,76%), C.intermedia (7,32%); среди природных изолятов, выделенных в 2014 г.: C.parapsilosis (29,17%), C.guilliermondii (25,0%), C.glabrata (16,67%), C.albicans (16,67%), C.tropicalis (12,5%); в 2016—2018гг.: C.lusitaniae (14,94%), C.tropicalis (14,94%), C.glabrata (13,79%), C.intermedia (13,79%), C.parapsilosis (11,5%), C.guilliermondii (11,5%), C.krusei (10,34%), C.albicans (9,2%). Продемонстрировали чувствительность в 2014 г. и 2019 г. к флуконазолу 70,59 и 17,07%, к клотримазолу — 100 и 80,49%, к интраконазолу — 94,12 и 58,54%, к нистатину — 97,06 и 73,17%, к ам­фотерицину В — 100 и 75,61% клинических изолятов. 70,83% природных изолятов, выделенных в 2014 г., были чувстви­тельны ко всем антимикотикам. Чувствительными к флуконазолу были 26,44%, к клотримазолу — 66,67%, к интракона­золу — 43,68%, к нистатину — 48,28, к амфотерицину В — 63,22% природных изолятов, выделенных в 2016—2018 гг.

За­ключение

За­ключение. В течение пяти лет наблюдения чувствительность клинических изолятов рода Candida к рассмотренным анти­микотикам снизилась на 19,51—53,52% , природных изолятов — на 4,16—44,39%. Возможно, что на распространение ре­зистентности среди этих дрожжевых грибов влияют коэвалюционные процессы, протекающие внутри сообщества микро­организмов, под воздействием антропогенных факторов.

Background

Background. Current problems in the treatment of candidiasis include changes in the sensitivity of yeasts to antifungal agents, often used for the purpose of prevention, and changes in the spectrum of leading etiological agents.

Aim

Aim. Analysis of changes in the antimicotic effectiveness against Candida isolated from clinical and natural materials during 2014–2019 in Moscow.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. Antibiotic sensitivity of 186 isolates (75 clinical, 128 natural) of Candida species: C.albicans, C.parapsilosis, C.glabrata, C.krusei (Pichia kudriavzevii), C.intermedia, C.tropicalis, C.lusitaniae (Clavispora lusitaniae), C.guilliermondii (Meyerozyma guilliermondii), was determined by disc-diffusion method.

Results

Results. The incidence among clinical isolates isolated in 2014: C.albicans (23.53%), C.tropicalis (20.59%), C.guilliermondii (20.58%), C.parapsilosis (17.65%), C.glabrata (17.65%); in 2019: C.parapsilosis (21.95%), C.albicans (17.07%), C.tropicalis (12.19%), C.guilliermondii (12.19%), C.krusei (9.76%), C.glabrata (9.76%), C.lusitaniae (9.76%), C.intermedia (7.32%). Incidence among natural isolates isolated in 2014: C.parapsilosis (29.17%), C.guilliermondii (25.0%), C.glabrata (16.67%), C.albicans (16.67%), C.tropicalis (12.5%); in 2016–2018: C.lusitaniae (14.94%), C.tropicalis (14.94%), C.glabrata (13.79%), C.intermedia (13.79%), C.parapsilosis (11.5%), C.guilliermondii (11.5%), C.krusei (10.34%), C.albicans (9.2%). 70.59% and 17.07% of clinical isolates demonstrated sensitivity to fluconazole in 2014 and 2019, respectively; 100% and 80.49% — to clotrimazole, 94.12% and 58.54% — to intraconazole, 97.06% and 73.17% — to nystatin, 100% and 75.61% — to amphotericin B. 70.83% of natural isolates isolated in 2014 were sensitive to all antimicotic agents. 26.44% were sensitive to fluconazole, 66.67% to clotrimazole, 43.68% to intraconazole, 48.28% to nystatin, 63.22% of the natural isolates isolated in 2016–2018 to amphotericin B.

Conclusion

Conclusion. During five years of observation, the antimicotic sensitivity decreased by 19.51–53.52% for clinical isolates of Candida genus and by 4.16–44.39% for natural isolates. It is possible that the spread of resistance among these yeasts is influenced by co-evolutionary processes occurring within the community of microorganisms under the influence of anthropogenic factors.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.