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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/0235-2990-2021-66-3-4-82-98</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-807</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Цефепим/сульбактам — новый инновационный отечественный антибиотик для лечения тяжёлых инфекций в стационаре и реализации карбапенем-замещающей стратегии сдерживания антибиотикорезистентности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cefepime/Sulbactam — A New Innovative Antibiotic for In-Hospital Treatment of Severe Infections and the Implementation of Carbapenem-Replacement Strategy to Contain Antibiotic Resistance</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7606-8608</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлев</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovlev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яковлев Сергей Владимирович — д. м. н., профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии № 2 Института клинической медицины; врач-клинический фармаколог</p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Yakovlev — D. Sc. in medicine</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antimicrob@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1389-6454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суворова</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suvorova</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Суворова Маргарита Петровна — к. м. н., доцент кафедры госпитальной терапии №2 Института клинической медицины; врач-клинический фармаколог</p><p>Москва </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Margarita P. Suvorova — Ph. D. in medicine</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antimicrob@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5244-7769</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быков</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykov</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Быков Андрей Олегович — аcсистент кафедры анестезиологии и реаниматологии; врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey O. Bykov </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И. М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский Университет); Городская клиническая больница им. С. С. Юдина ДЗ Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; S. S. Yudin City Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Минздрава России; Городская клиническая больница № 40 ДЗ Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; City Clinical Hospital No. 40</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>3-4</issue><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ООО «Издательство ОКИ», 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/807">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/807</self-uri><abstract><p>Цефепим/сульбактам — комбинированный антибиотик, состоящий из антипсевдомонадного цефалоспорина IV поколения цефепима и ингибитора бета-лактамаз сульбактама в соотношении 1:1. Антибиотик цефепим/сульбактам разработан в 2006 г., изучен на стадиях доклинических и клинических исследований, разрешён к медицинскому применению, и с 2019 г. производится в РФ. Цефепим обладает широким спектром антимикробной активности в отношении грамположительных и грамотрицательных микроорганизмов, сульбактам добавляет к антимикробному спектру цефепима двух клинически важных возбудителей — Acinetobacter baumannii и Bacteroides fragilis. Кроме того, сульбактам защищает цефепим от гидролиза бета-лактамазами класса А широкого и расширенного спектра, а сам цефепим стабилен к хромосомным бета-лактамазам класса С и частично стабилен к карбапенемазам класса D OXA типа. В исследованиях in vitro показано, что к цефепиму/сульбактаму чувствительны большинство клинических штаммов ESBL-продуцирующих Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., а также часть штаммов K.pneumoniae и A.baumannii, устойчивых к карбапенемам в результате продукции карбапенемаз класса D. Эффективность и безопасность цефепима/сульбактама изучена в трёх клинических исследованиях. У больных с острым внебольничным пиелонефритом клиническая и бактериологическая эффективность препарата составила 97,9 и 97,6%. В многоцентровом исследовании МАКСИ-19 клиническая эффективность цефепима/сульбактама у больных с абдоминальной инфекцией, нозокомиальной пневмонией и ИВЛ-ассоциированной пневмонией составила 78,4, 90,3 и 80,7% соответственно. В сравнительном исследовании изучена эффективность цефепима/сульбактама и карбапенемов при тяжёлых нозокомиальных инфекциях (у 84% пациентов был сепсис или септический шок). Клиническая эффективность цефепима/сульбактама и карбапенемов была высокой и достоверно не различалась (71 и 62%), также как и бактериологическая эффективность — 87 и 73%, при этом у большинства больных были выделены типичные госпитальные возбудители, характеризовавшиеся полирезистентностью или экстремальной резистентностью к антибиотикам (наиболее часто — K.pneumoniae, A.baumannii, E.coli). На фоне применения карбапенемов выделение карбапенеморезистентных бактерий было отмечено достоверно чаще (74,5%), чем на фоне цефепима/сульбактама (20,0%), p=0,0001. Риск суперинфекции был также достоверно выше при применении карбапенемов, чем цефепима/сульбактама (53,3 и 22,2%, p=0,001). При тяжёлых инфекциях цефепим/сульбактам применяли в дозе 4 г (2 г + 2 г) каждые 12 ч или 2 г (1 г + 1 г) каждые 8 ч. В настоящее время цефепим/сульбактам следует рассматривать как надёжную опцию лечения тяжёлых инфекций в стационаре в качестве карбапенем-замещающей стратегии с целью снижения рисков селекции карбапенеморезистентных грамотрицательных бактерий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cefepime/sulbactam is a combined antibiotic consisting of the 4 th generation cephalosporin cefepime and the beta-lactamase inhibitor sulbactam in 1:1 ratio. Cefepime/sulbactam antibiotic was developed in Russia in 2006, it had passed preclinical and clinical studies, was approved for medical use, and has been produced in Russia since 2019. Cefepime has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, sulbactam adds two clinically important pathogens to the antimicrobial spectrum of cefepime — Acinetobacter baumannii and Bacteroides fragilis. In addition, sulbactam protects cefepime from hydrolysis by class A broad- and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, and cefepime itself is stable against class C chromosomal beta-lactamases and partially stable to OXA-type class D carbapenemases. In vitro studies have shown that most clinical strains of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp. are sensitive to cefepime/sulbactam, as well as some strains of K.pneumoniae and A.baumannii that are resistant to carbapenems as a result of the production of class D carbapenemases. The efficacy and safety of cefepime/sulbactam have been determined in three clinical studies. Clinical and bacteriological efficacy of the drug was 97.9% and 97.6% in patients with acute community-acquired pyelonephritis. In the MAXI-19 multicenter study, the clinical efficacy of cefepime/sulbactam in patients with intra-abdominal infections, nosocomial pneumonia, and ventilator-associated pneumonia was 78.4, 90.3, and 80.7%, respectively. A comparative study examined the efficacy of cefepime/sulbactam and carbapenems in severe nosocomial infections (84% of patients had sepsis or septic shock). Clinical efficacy of cefepime/sulbactam and carbapenems was high and did not significantly differ (71% vs. 62%), as well as the bacteriological efficacy — 87% vs. 73%, while typical hospital pathogens characterized by MDR or XDR were identified in the majority of patients (most often — K.pneumoniae, A.baumannii, E.coli). During treatment with carbapenems, carbapenem-resistant bacteria were detected significantly more often (74.5%, most often A.baumannii — 44.7%, K.pneumoniae — 38.3%), compared to cefepime/sulbactam (20.0%, P.aeruginosa and K.pneumoniae, both at 15.5%), P=0.0001. The risk of superinfection was also significantly higher with carbapenems than with cefepime/sulbactam (53.3% vs. 22.2%, P=0.001). For severe infections, cefepime/sulbactam was administered at a dose of 4 g (2 g + 2 g) every 12 hours or 2 g (1 g + 1 g) every 8 hours. Currently, cefepime/sulbactam should be considered as a reliable option for the treatment of severe infections in the hospital as a carbapenem-replacement strategy to reduce the risks of selection of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цефепим/сульбактам</kwd><kwd>ингибиторозащищённые цефалоспорины</kwd><kwd>полирезистентные возбудители</kwd><kwd>селекция резистентности</kwd><kwd>карбапенем-замещающая стратегия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cefepime/sulbactam</kwd><kwd>beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination</kwd><kwd>multi-drug resistant pathogens</kwd><kwd>extensively-drug resistant pathogens</kwd><kwd>selection of resistance</kwd><kwd>carbapenem-replacement strategy</kwd><kwd>carbapenem-sparing strategy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO Global Strategy for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance. 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