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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-86</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота про- и эукариот в профилактике и терапии инфекционных болезней</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic DNA in Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беседнова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Besednova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаренкова</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarenkova</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федянина</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedyanina</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеева</surname><given-names>Ж. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeeva</surname><given-names>ZH. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крыжановский</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryzshanovsky</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Запорожец</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaporozhets</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.П. Сомова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Дальневосточный федеральный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения МЗ РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет» МЗ РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Vladivostok State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.П. Сомова; Дальневосточный федеральный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology; Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>5-6</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Беседнова Н.Н., Макаренкова И.Д., Федянина Л.Н., Авдеева Ж.И., Крыжановский С.П., Кузнецова Т.А., Запорожец Т.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беседнова Н.Н., Макаренкова И.Д., Федянина Л.Н., Авдеева Ж.И., Крыжановский С.П., Кузнецова Т.А., Запорожец Т.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Besednova N.N., Makarenkova I.D., Fedyanina L.N., Avdeeva Z.I., Kryzshanovsky S.P., Kuznetsova T.A., Zaporozhets T.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/86">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/86</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре представлены материалы последних лет, посвящённые анализу современных представлений о возможных аспектах использования дезоксирибонуклеиновой кислоты (ДНК) и олигодезоксинуклеотиды (природных и синтетических) из про- и эукариот для профилактики и лечения инфекционных болезней. Авторы акцентируют внимание на бактериальной ДНК с высоким содержанием CpG-мотивов, а также на неметилированные CpG-олигодезоксинуклеотиды (CpG-ODN), стимулирующие систему врождённого и адаптивного иммунитета. В связи с отсутствием выраженной токсичности и хорошей переносимостью макроорганизмом эти соединения представляют большой интерес для медицинского применения, в частности в качестве адъювантов. В то же время авторы отмечают необходимость разработки эффективных систем доставки CpG-ODN в ткани и клетки-мишени. В отношении CpG-мотивов ДНК эукариот рассматривается возможность их использования в качестве основы эффективных адъювантов, иммуномодуляторов, противовирусных и противобактериальных соединений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review article presents the materials of recent years dedicated to the analysis of modern data about the possible aspects of the use of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and oligodesoxinucleotides (natural and synthetic) from pro - and eukaryotes for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.The authors focus on bacterial DNA with a high content of CpG motifs, as well as on unmethylated CpG oligonucleotides (CpG-ODN), which stimulate the system of innate and adaptive immunity. Due to the absence of pronounced toxicity and good tolerance of the macroorganism, these compounds are of great interest for medical use, in particular as adjuvants. At the same time, the authors note the need to develop effective CpG-ODN delivery systems in tissues and target cells.With respect to CpG-motives of eukaryotic DNA, the possibility of their use as a basis for effective adjuvants, immunomodulators, antiviral and antibacterial compounds is considered.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота (ДНК)</kwd><kwd>адъюванты</kwd><kwd>инфекционные болезни</kwd><kwd>врождённый и приобретённый иммунитет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>CpG-олигодезоксинуклеотиды (CpG-ODN)</kwd><kwd>deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)</kwd><kwd>CpG-oligonucleotide (CpG-ODN)</kwd><kwd>adjuvants</kwd><kwd>infectious disease</kwd><kwd>innate and adaptive immunity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Медуницын Н.В. Вакцинология. 3-е издание переработанное и дополненное. 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