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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/0235-2990-2021-66-11-12-25-30</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-874</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Experimental Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Токсичность схем терапии лекарственно устойчивого туберкулёза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Toxicity of treatment regimens for drugresistant tuberculosis.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Можокина</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mozhokina</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>  Можокина Галина Николаевна — д. м. н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии и иммунодиагностики туберкулезной инфекции </p><p>ул Достоевского, д. 4, корп. 2, г. Москва, 127473.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Galina N. Mozhokina — D. Sc. in medicine </p><p> 4/2 Dostoyevskogo st., Moscow, 1127473 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mojokina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зюзя</surname><given-names>Ю. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zyuzya</surname><given-names>Yu. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Зюзя Юлия Рашидовна — к. м. н., врач-патологоанатомпатолого-анатомической лаборатории </p><p>ул Достоевского, д. 4, корп. 2, г. Москва, 127473.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>  Yulia R. Zyuzya — Ph. D. in medicine </p><p>4/2 Dostoyevskogo st., Moscow, 1127473 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>L. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Петрова Лариса Юрьевна — к. м. н., врач КЛД лаборатории клинической диагностики </p><p>ул Достоевского, д. 4, корп. 2, г. Москва, 127473.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>  Larisa Yu. Petrova — Ph. D. in medicine </p><p>4/2 Dostoyevskogo st., Moscow, 1127473 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойлова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoilova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Самойлова Анастасия Геннадьевна — д. м. н., первый заместитель директора </p><p>ул Достоевского, д. 4, корп. 2, г. Москва, 127473.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Anastasia G. Samoilova –— D. Sc. in medicine </p><p> 4/2 Dostoyevskogo st., Moscow, 1127473 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Васильева Ирина Анатольевна — д. м. н., профессор, директор  </p><p>ул Достоевского, д. 4, корп. 2, г. Москва, 127473.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>  Irina A. Vasilyeva — D. Sc. in medicine, Professor </p><p>4/2 Dostoyevskogo st., Moscow, 1127473 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>11-12</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Можокина Г.Н., Зюзя Ю.Р., Петрова Л.Ю., Самойлова А.Г., Васильева И.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Можокина Г.Н., Зюзя Ю.Р., Петрова Л.Ю., Самойлова А.Г., Васильева И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mozhokina G.N., Zyuzya Y.R., Petrova L.Y., Samoilova A.G., Vasilyeva I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/874">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/874</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Основными факторами, снижающими эффективность лечения больных туберкулёзом лёгких, являются растущая лекарственная устойчивость микобактерий, обуславливающая необходимость усиления схем химиотерапии и использования новых антимикробных препаратов, плохая переносимость лечения вследствие высокой частоты нежелательных побочных реакций на препараты. В новых схемах лечения больных туберкулёзом с множественной и широкой лекарственной устойчивостью возбудителя используются сочетания фторхинолонов, бедаквилина, линезолида с традиционными противотуберкулёзными препаратами, однако вопросы безопасности новых режимов ещё недостаточно изучены.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучение в эксперименте на крысах особенностей проявления токсического действия 5-компонентных комплексов антимикобактериальных препаратов.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Исследование проводили на 64 нелинейных крысах, старых самках, разделённых поровну на 3 опытные группы и 1 контрольную. Крысы опытных групп получали комплексы препаратов в дозах, соответствующих терапевтическим дозам для человека. Основой комплексов были: моксифлоксацин, бедаквилин, линезолид, капреомицин. Пятым препаратом в 1-й группе был протионамид, во 2-й — пиразинамид, в 3-й — циклосерин. Через 14 и 28 дней введений анализировали клиническую картину интоксикации, результаты ЭКГ, поведенческих реакций крыс в тесте «открытое поле», биохимических исследований крови и мочи, патоморфологических исследований.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У крыс всех опытных групп наблюдали прогрессирующее поражение ЖКТ, печени, почек, ЦНС. Ведущий компонент политоксичности — нефротоксический эффект, вызванный капреомицином, к которому у крыс имеется высокая видовая чувствительность. У крыс 1-й группы, получавших три препарата с потенциальной кардиотоксичностью, наблюдали кардиотоксический эффект в виде удлинение интервала QT на ЭКГ уже через 14 дней введений. Наиболее токсичной оказалась комбинация препаратов у крыс 3-й группы, усиленнаядобавлением нейротоксичного циклосерина, приведшая к гибели более трети животных к концу эксперимента.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Применение многокомпонентных комбинаций антимикобактериальных препаратов, сходных по профилю безопасности, повышают риск развития сочетанных токсических реакций.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The main factors reducing treatment effectiveness in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis are as follows: the growing drug resistance of mycobacteria, which necessitates the strengthening of chemotherapy regimens, the use of new antimicrobial drugs, as well as poor tolerability of treatment due to the high frequency of adverse drug reactions. Combinations of fluoroquinolones, bedaquiline, and linezolid with traditional anti-tuberculosis drugs are used in new regimens for the treatment of patients with multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, but the safety of new regimens has yet to be sufficiently studied.</p><p>The aim was to study the features of toxic effect manifestations of the 5-component antimycobacterial drug complexes in an experiment on rats.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The study was carried out on 64 non-pedigree rats, old females, divided equally into 3 experimental groups and 1 control. Rats of the experimental groups received drug complexes at doses corresponding to therapeutic doses for humans. The complexes’ base components were: moxifloxacin, bedaquiline, linezolid, and capreomycin. The fifth drug in group 1 was prothionamide, in the 2nd — pyrazinamide, in the 3rd — cycloserine. After 14 and 28 days of administration, the clinical picture of intoxication, ECG results, behavioral reactions of rats in the open field test, biochemical blood and urine tests, as well as pathomorphological studies were analysed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Progressive damage to the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, and central nervous system was observed in rats of all experimental groups. The leading reason of polytoxicity is the nephrotoxic effect caused by capreomycin, to which rats have a high species sensitivity. In group 1, rats were treated with three drugs possessing potential cardiotoxicity; cardiotoxic effect was observed in the form of prolongation of the QT interval on the ECG after 14 days of administration. The most toxic combination of drugs was the one used in rats of the 3rd group, it was enhanced by the addition of neurotoxic cycloserine, which led to the death of more than a third of the animals by the end of the experiment.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: the use of multicomponent combinations of antimycobacterial drugs, similar in safety profile, increases the risk of developing combined toxic reactions.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>туберкулёз</kwd><kwd>множественная лекарственная устойчивость</kwd><kwd>антимикобактериальные препараты</kwd><kwd>режимы химиотерапии</kwd><kwd>нежелательные побочные реакции</kwd><kwd>экспериментальные исследования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>multidrug resistance</kwd><kwd>antimycobacterial drugs</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy regimens</kwd><kwd>adverse drug reaction</kwd><kwd>experimental studies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. 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