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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-1-2-16-23</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-885</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GUIDELINES FOR PRACTITIONERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Практика антибактериальной терапии тяжёлой внебольничной пневмонии у взрослых в многопрофильных стационарах России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Practice of Antibiotic Therapy of Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults in Russian Multidisciplinary Hospitals</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3329-7846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рачина</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rachina</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рачина Светлана Александровна — доктор медицинских наук, заведующая кафедрой госпитальной терапии №2 Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет).</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Rachina — D. Sc. in  medicine, I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov  University) of the Ministry of Health  of the Russian Federation.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6577-4849</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаренков</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharenkov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захаренков Иван Алексеевич — кандидат медицинских наук, анестезиолог-реаниматолог БГБ №1; координатор исследований МАКМАХ.</p><p>ул. Камозина, д. 11, Брянск, 241035; Смоленск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan  A. Zakharenkov — Ph.  D. in medicine, Bryansk City Hospital  No.1;  The  Interregional Association  for Clinical  Microbiology and  Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.</p><p>11 Kamozina Street, Bryansk, 241035; Smolensk.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ivan.Zaharenkov@antibiotic.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-3919</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дехнич</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dekhnich</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дехнич Наталья Николаева — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры факультетской терапии.</p><p>Смоленск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia N. Dekhnich — Ph. D. in medicine, Smolensk  State Medical University  of the Ministry  of Health  of the Russian Federation.</p><p>Smolensk.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8728-1113</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Козлов Роман Сергеевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, ректор СГМУ МЗ РФ; президент МАКМАХ, главный внештатный специалист  Минздрава России  по клинической микробиологии  и антимикробной резистентности, руководитель Сотрудничающего центра  ВОЗ  по  укреплению потенциала  в сфере надзора  и исследований антимикробной резистентности.</p><p>Смоленск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman S. Kozlov — D. Sc. in medicine, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian  Academy  of Sciences, The Interregional  Association for Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy; Smolensk  State Medical University of the  Ministry  of Health  of the  Russian  Federation.</p><p>Smolensk.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1990-2042</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синопальников</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinopalnikov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синопальников Александр Игоревич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой  пульмонологии РМАНПО МЗ РФ; вице-президент МАКМАХ.</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander I. Sinopalnikov — D. Sc. in medicine, Professor, Russian Medical Academy  of Postgraduate  Education of the Ministry of Health  of the Russian Federation.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Архипенко</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Archipenko</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Архипенко Марина Владимировна — заведующая бактериологической лаборатории НИИ-ККБ№1 им. проф. С.В. Очаповского МЗ Краснодарского края; Главный внештатный специалист по клинической микробиологии и антимикробной резистентности МЗ Краснодарского края.</p><p>Краснодар.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Archipenko — Head  of the Bacteriological Laboratory at the  Scientific Research  Institute  — Ochapovsky Regional  Clinical Hospital  #1; Chief  Freelance  Specialist  in Clinical Microbiology and  Antimicrobial Resistance  of the Ministry of Health  of the Krasnodar Krai.</p><p>Krasnodar.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордеева</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordeeva</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гордеева  Светлана Александровна — заведующая микробиологической лабораторией МОКБ им. П.А. Баяндина, главный внештатный специалист по клинической лабораторной диагностике Минздрава Мурманской области.</p><p>Мурманск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Gordeeva  — Head  of the Microbiological Laboratory at the  P.A. Bayandin Murmansk Regional  Clinical Hospital; Chief  Freelance  Specialist  in Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Ministry  of Health  of the Murmansk Region.</p><p>Murmansk.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лебедева  Марина Сергеевна — врач,  клинический фармаколог.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina S. Lebedeva — clinical  pharmacologist, Saint-Petersburg Clinical Scientific and Practical Center for Specialised Types of Medical Care (oncological).</p><p>Saint-Petersburg.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Портнягина</surname><given-names>У. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Portnyagina</surname><given-names>U. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Портнягина  Ульяна Семеновна — кандидат медицинских наук,  доцент  кафедры «Внутренние болезни и общеврачебная практика (семейная медицина)» медицинского института СВФУ им. М.К. Аммосова.</p><p>Якутск.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ulyana S. Portnyagina — Ph. D. in medicine, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University.</p><p>Yakutsk.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8934-2706</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дятлов</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyatlov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дятлов Никита Вячеславович — кандидат медицинских наук,  доцент  кафедры госпитальной терапии  №2, Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова МЗ РФ (Сеченовский  Университет).</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita V. Dyatlov — Ph. D. in medicine, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University  (Sechenov  University)  of the Ministry  of Health  of the Russian  Federation.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Брянская городская больница №1; Межрегиональная ассоциация по клинической микробиологии и антимикробной химиотерапии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bryansk city hospital №1; The Interregional Association for Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Смоленский государственный медицинский университет МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smolensk  State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Межрегиональная ассоциация по клинической микробиологии и антимикробной химиотерапии; Смоленский государственный медицинский университет МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Interregional Association for Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy; Smolensk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy  of Postgraduate  Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ — Краевая клиническая больница №1 им. профессора С.В. Очаповского Министерства здравоохранения Краснодарского края</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientiﬁc Research Institute — Ochapovsky Regional  Clinical Hospital  #1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Мурманская областная клиническая больница им. П.А. Баяндина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P.A. Bayandin Murmansk State Regional  Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский клинический научно-практический центр специализированных видов медицинской помощи (онкологический)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Clinical Scientiﬁc and Practical Center for Specialised Types of Medical Care (oncological)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-9"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М.К. Аммосова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.K. Ammosov  North-Eastern Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>1-2</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ООО «Издательство ОКИ», 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/885">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/885</self-uri><abstract><p>Внебольничная пневмония (ВП) является распространенной причиной госпитализации и смертности во всём мире. Ключевое место среди стратегий оптимизации прогноза при тяжёлой ВП отводится своевременному началу и адекватному выбору режима стартовой антибактериальной терапии (АБТ).</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Изучить практику применения системных антимикробных препаратов (АМП) у взрослых с тяжёлой ВП в многопрофильных стационарах РФ и оценить соответствие стартовой АБТ действующим клиническим рекомендациям.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В проспективное когортное исследование включены взрослые пациенты с тяжёлой ВП, госпитализированные в многопрофильные стационары 6 городов России в 2014–2018 гг. Критериями адекватности стартовой АБТ тяжёлой ВП были: назначение комбинированной АБТ, соответствие выбранной схемы стартовой АМБТ российским клиническим рекомендациям, внутривенный путь введения АМП для стартовой терапии. Кроме того, оценивалась частота использования ступенчатой и деэскалационной АБТ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Всего  в исследование были включены 109 пациентов (60,6% мужчин; средний возраст 50,8±18,0 лет). Госпитальная летальность составила 22,9%. Во всех случаях АМП назначались в течение 24 ч после поступления, противовирусные препараты применялись у 2,8% пациентов. Левофлоксацин, цефтриаксон, азитромицин, амоксициллин/клавуланат были наиболее часто используемыми АМП (назначались в 14,4, 12,5, 11,9 и 10,7% случаев, соответственно). Комбинированная стартовая АБТ была назначена у 50,5% пациентов; в 80,2% случаев они вводились внутривенно. Продолжительность лечения составила 13,9±11,2 дня. Режимы стартовой АБТ соответствовали российским клиническим рекомендациям в 37,6% случаях. Ступенчатая и деэскалационная АБТ применялась в 11,9 и 3,6% случаях, соответственно.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявлены низкая приверженность российским клиническим рекомендациям в отношении режимов стартовой АБТ, а также редкое использование концепций ступенчатой и деэсклационной АБТ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common cause of hospitalization and mortality worldwide. A timely start and an adequate choice of the initial  antibiotic therapy (ABT) regimen are the key strategy  for optimizing the prognosis in severe  CAP.</p><p>The aim was to study the practice of using systemic antimicrobial drugs (AMDs) in adults with severe CAP in multidisciplinary hospitals of the Russian Federation, as well as to assess compliance of initial  ABT with current  clinical guidelines.</p><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A prospective cohort study included adult patients with severe  CAP hospitalized in multidisciplinary hospitals in 6 Russian cities  during  the period  of 2014–2018. The adequacy criteria  of the initial  ABT for severe  CAP were: the prescription of combination ABT, the compliance of the selected initial ABT regimen with Russian clinical guidelines, and the intravenous route  of AMDs administration during  the initial  therapy. In addition, the frequency of using  switch  therapy and antimicrobial de-escalation was assessed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A total of 109 patients (60.6% men; mean age 50.8±18.0 years) were included in the study. Hospital mortality was 22.9%. In all cases, AMDs were prescribed within  24 hours  after admission, antiviral drugs were used in 2.8% of patients. Levoﬂoxacin, ceftriaxone, azithromycin, amoxicillin/clavulanate were the most commonly used AMDs (prescribed in 14.4%, 12.5%, 11.9% and 10.7% of cases, respectively). Initial  combination ABT was prescribed in 50.5% of patients; in 80.2% of the cases, the medications were administered intravenously. The duration of treatment was 13.9±11.2 days. Initial ABT regimens complied with Russian Clinical  Guidelines in 37.6% of cases. Switch therapy and antimicrobial de-escalation was used in 11.9% and 3.6% of cases, respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Low adherence to Russian Clinical Recommendations regarding the regimens of initial ABT, as well as rare use of switch  therapy and antimicrobial de-escalation were revealed.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внебольничная пневмония</kwd><kwd>антибактериальная терапия</kwd><kwd>клинические рекомендации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>community-acquired pneumonia</kwd><kwd>antibacterial therapy</kwd><kwd>clinical guidelines</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проводилось при поддержке «Эбботт Лэбораториз», предоставившей исследовательский грант.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rospotrebnadzor.ru [интернет]. Инфекционная заболеваемость в Российской Федерации [доступ от 01.03.2021]. 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