<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-1-2-39-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-888</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GUIDELINES FOR PRACTITIONERS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммуногенность, безопасность  и клиническая эффективность 23-валентной пневмококковой полисахаридной вакцины у больных спондилоартритами (предварительные данные)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunogenicity, Safety, and Clinical Eﬀectiveness of the 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in Patients With Spondyloarthritis (Preliminary Data)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-337X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баранова Марина Михайловна — аспирант лаборатории коморбидных инфекций и вакцинопрофилактики.</p><p>Каширское шоссе, 34-А, Москва, 115522.</p><p>Scopus  Author  ID: 57222430929</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina M. Baranova — post-graduate student  of the Laboratory of Comorbid Infections and Vaccine Prevention, V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology.</p><p>34-A Kashirskoe highway, Moscow, 115522.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57222430929</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4327-6720</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муравьева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muravyeva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Муравьева Наталья Валерьевна — кандидат медицинских наук,  научный  сотрудник лаборатории коморбидных инфекций и вакцинопрофилактики.</p><p>Каширское шоссе, 34-А, Москва, 115522.</p><p>ResearcherID: AAF-4853-2021</p><p>eLIBRARY SPIN-код: 8418-4469</p><p>Scopus  Author ID: 57210263706</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Muravyeva — Ph.  D. in medicine, V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology.</p><p>34-A Kashirskoe highway, Moscow, 115522.</p><p>Researcher  ID:  AAF-4853-2021</p><p>eLIBRARY  SPIN:  8418-4469</p><p>Scopus  Author  ID: 57210263706</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7091-2054</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белов</surname><given-names>Б. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belov</surname><given-names>B. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белов Борис  Сергеевич — доктор медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией коморбидных инфекций и вакцинопрофилактики.</p><p>Каширское шоссе, 34-А, Москва, 115522.</p><p>ResearcherID: ABD-2219-2020</p><p>eLIBRARY  SPIN-код: 3298-4315</p><p>Scopus  Author ID: 7004592537</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris S. Belov — D. Sc. in medicine, V.A. Nasonova Research Institute  of  Rheumatology.</p><p>34-A Kashirskoe highway, Moscow, 115522.</p><p>Researcher ID: ABD-2219-2020</p><p>eLIBRARY SPIN: 3298-4315</p><p>Scopus  Author ID: 7004592537</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">belovbor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3246-1157</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черкасова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherkasova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черкасова Мария Владимировна — кандидат биологических наук,  научный  сотрудник  лаборатории тромбовоспаления.</p><p>Каширское шоссе, 34-А, Москва, 115522.</p><p>Researcher ID: AAE-9959-2021</p><p>eLIBRARY SPIN-код: 3942-9300</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 56350016400</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya  V. Cherkasova — Ph. D. in biology, V.A. Nasonova Research  Institute  of Rheumatology.</p><p>34-A Kashirskoe highway, Moscow, 115522.</p><p>Researcher  ID:  AAE-9959-2021</p><p>eLIBRARY  SPIN:  3942-9300</p><p>Scopus  Author  ID: 56350016400</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-5210</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Верижникова</surname><given-names>Ж. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Verizhnikova</surname><given-names>Zh. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Верижникова Жанна Григорьевна — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии и молекулярной биологии ревматических заболеваний.</p><p>Каширское шоссе, 34-А, Москва, 115522.</p><p>eLIBRARY SPIN-код: 7294-2697</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 57195267778</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhanna G. Verizhnikova — Junior  Researcher  at the  Laboratory of Immunology and  Molecular Biology  of Rheumatic Diseases, V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology.</p><p>34-A Kashirskoe highway, Moscow, 115522.</p><p>eLIBRARY  SPIN:  7294-2697</p><p>Scopus  Author  ID:  57195267778</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0579-1131</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коротаева</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korotaeva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коротаева Татьяна Викторовна — доктор медицинских наук,  начальник отдела  спондилоартритов.</p><p>Каширское шоссе, 34-А, Москва, 115522.</p><p>ResearcherID: AAF-3224-2021</p><p>eLIBRARY  SPIN-код: 9855-5954</p><p>Scopus  Author ID: 6603178256</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Korotaeva — D. Sc. in medicine, V.A. Nasonova Research  Institute  of Rheumatology.</p><p>34-A Kashirskoe highway, Moscow, 115522.</p><p>Researcher  ID:  AAF-3224-2021</p><p>eLIBRARY  SPIN:  9855-5954</p><p>Scopus  Author  ID: 6603178256</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>1-2</issue><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баранова М.М., Муравьева Н.В., Белов Б.С., Черкасова М.В., Верижникова Ж.Г., Коротаева Т.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баранова М.М., Муравьева Н.В., Белов Б.С., Черкасова М.В., Верижникова Ж.Г., Коротаева Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baranova M.M., Muravyeva N.V., Belov B.S., Cherkasova M.V., Verizhnikova Z.G., Korotaeva T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/888">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/888</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Для лечения больных  спондилоартритами (СпА) широко используются иммуносупрессивные препараты, позволяющие эффективно контролировать  активность заболевания. В то же время использование этих препаратов ассоциируется  с нарастанием риска развития инфекций нижних  дыхательных  путей (НДП) и ЛОР-органов, которые можно предупредить с помощью вакцинации.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Оценить иммуногенность, безопасность и клиническую эффективность 23-валентной пневмококковой  полисахаридной вакцины (ППВ-23) у больных СпА.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал  и методы</title><p>Материал  и методы. В исследование включены 54 больных  СпА: 39 — анкилозирующим спондилитом, 15 — псориатическим артритом. Большинство пациентов имели в анамнезе  два и более случаев инфекций нижних дыхательных путей, 2 больных сообщили о ежемесячном обострении хронического синусита, один больной — о развитии отита каждые 2–3 мес. На момент включения в исследование 72% больных получали  иммуносупрессивную терапию. ППВ-23 вводили в количестве 1 дозы (0,5 мл) на фоне проводимой антиревматической терапии. Уровень  антител к пневмококковому капсульному полисахариду определяли  с помощью набора EIA PCP  IgG (TestLine Clinical Diagnostics s.r.o., Czech Republic) исходно, через 1, 3 и 12 мес. после вакцинации. Оценивали  переносимость  ППВ-23, влияние вакцинации на активность СпА (по динамике индекса BASDAI), частоту развития инфекций НДП и ЛОР-органов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Через 1, 3 и 12 мес. после вакцинации концентрация антител к пневмококковому капсульному полисахариду была значимо выше по сравнению с исходными  показателями. Не отмечено негативного влияния вакцинации  на активность  СпА и возникновение  «новых» аутоиммунных расстройств.  У 76% больных переносимость вакцины  была хорошей. За период наблюдения только у одного больного отмечено развитие пневмонии. Пациенты, страдающие  частыми  синуситами  и отитами,  сообщили  об отсутствии указанных  инфекций после вакцинации.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Предварительные результаты исследования свидетельствуют о достаточной иммуногенности, безопасности и клинической  эффективности ППВ-23 у больных СпА.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Immunosuppressive drugs are widely used for the treatment of patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) to eﬀectively control the activity of the disease. At the same time, the use of these drugs is associated with an increased risk of developing infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract, which can be prevented by vaccination. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immunogenicity, safety, and clinical eﬃcacy of the 23-valent pneumococcal  polysaccharide vaccine (PPV-23) in patients with SpA. Material and methods. The study included 54 patients with SpA: 39 with ankylosing spondylitis, and 15 with psoriatic arthritis. Most patients had a history of two or more cases of lower respiratory tract infections, 2 patients reported a monthly exacerbation of chronic sinusitis, one patient reported the development of otitis every 2–3 months. 72% of patients received immunosuppressive therapy at the time of inclusion in the study. PPV-23 was administered in the amount of 1 dose (0.5 ml) against the background of ongoing antirheumatic therapy. The level of antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide was determined using the EIA PCP IgG kit (TestLine Clinical Diagnostics s.r.o., Czech Republic) at baseline, after 1, 3, and 12 months after vaccination. The tolerability of PPV-23, the eﬀect of vaccination on SpA activity (according to the dynamics of the BASDAI index), and the incidence of upper and lower respiratory tract infections were assessed. Results. The concentration of antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide was signiﬁcantly higher 1, 3, and 12 months after vaccination compared to baseline. There was no negative eﬀect of vaccination on the activity of SpA and the emergence of «new» autoimmune disorders. The vaccine was well tolerated by 76% of patients., Only one patient developed pneumonia during the observation period. Patients suﬀering from frequent sinusitis and otitis reported the absence of these infections after vaccination. Conclusions. Preliminary results of the study indicate suﬃcient immunogenicity, safety, and clinical eﬃcacy of PPV-23 in patients with SpA.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пневмококковая инфекция</kwd><kwd>спондилоартриты</kwd><kwd>23-валентная пневмококковая полисахаридная вакцина</kwd><kwd>иммуногенность</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>клиническая  эффективность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pneumococcal  infection</kwd><kwd>spondyloarthritis</kwd><kwd>23-valent pneumococcal  polysaccharide vaccine</kwd><kwd>immunogenicity</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd><kwd>clinical eﬃcacy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья   подготовлена в рамках  научно-исследовательской работы  ФГБНУ  «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им.  В.А.  Насоновой». № Государственного задания  1021051503137-7.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Available at: https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/17_WHO_SurveillanceVaccinePreventable_17_Pneumo_Russian_R1.pdf. Accessed: 25th January 2022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Available at: https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/17_WHO_SurveillanceVaccinePreventable_17_Pneumo_Russian_R1.pdf. Accessed: 25th January 2022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Broyde A., Arad U., Madar-Balakirski N. et al. Long-term Eﬃcacy of an Antipneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine among Patients with Autoimmune Inﬂammatory Rheumatic Diseases. J Rheumatol. 2016; 43 (2): 267–72. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.150397.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Broyde A., Arad U., Madar-Balakirski N. et al. Long-term Eﬃcacy of an Antipneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine among Patients with Autoimmune Inﬂammatory Rheumatic Diseases. J Rheumatol. 2016; 43 (2): 267–72. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.150397.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранова М.М., Муравьева Н.В., Белов Б.С. Частота и структура коморбидных инфекций у больных спондилоартритами (предварительные данные). Медицинский совет. 2021; 2: 122–126. doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2021-2-122-126.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranova M.M., Muravyeva N.V., Belov B.S. The frequency and structure of comorbid infections in patients with spondyloarthritis (preliminary own data). Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2021; 2: 122–126 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Муравьева Н.В., Белов Б.С., Баранова М.М., Коротаева Т.В. Коморбидные инфекции при спондилоартритах: современный взгляд на проблему. Современная ревматология. 2020; 14 (4): 103–110. doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2020-4-103-110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muravyeva N.V., Belov B.S., Baranova M.M., Korotaeva T.V. Comorbid infections in spondyloarthritis: a modern view of the problem. Sovremennaya Revmatologiya=Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2020; 14 (4): 103–110. doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2020-4-103-110 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atzeni F., Sarzi-Puttini P., Sebastiani M. et al. Rate of serious infections in spondyloarthropathy patients treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor drugs: a survey from the italian registry GISEA. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2019; 37 (4): 649–655.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atzeni F., Sarzi-Puttini P., Sebastiani M. et al. Rate of serious infections in spondyloarthropathy patients treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor drugs: a survey from the italian registry GISEA. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2019; 37 (4): 649–655.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chung H.Y., Tam L.S., Chan S.C.W. et al. Risk of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Requiring Hospitalization in Patients with Spondyloarthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2020; 12: 1759720X20962618. doi: 10.1177/1759720X20962618.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chung H.Y., Tam L.S., Chan S.C.W. et al. Risk of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Requiring Hospitalization in Patients with Spondyloarthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2020; 12: 1759720X20962618. doi: 10.1177/1759720X20962618.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Furer V., Rondaan C., Heijstek M. et al. Incidence and prevalence of vaccine preventable infections in adult patients with autoimmune inﬂammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD): A systemic literature review informing the 2019 Update of the EULAR Recommendations for vaccination in adult patients with AIIRD. RMD Open. 2019; 5 (2): e001041. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2019-001041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Furer V., Rondaan C., Heijstek M. et al. Incidence and prevalence of vaccine preventable infections in adult patients with autoimmune inﬂammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD): A systemic literature review informing the 2019 Update of the EULAR Recommendations for vaccination in adult patients with AIIRD. RMD Open. 2019; 5 (2): e001041. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2019-001041.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Furer V., Rondaan C., Heijstek M.W. et al. 2019 Update of EULAR recommendations for vaccination in adultpatients with autoimmune inﬂammatory rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020; 79 (1): 39–52. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215882.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Furer V., Rondaan C., Heijstek M.W. et al. 2019 Update of EULAR recommendations for vaccination in adultpatients with autoimmune inﬂammatory rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020; 79 (1): 39–52. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215882.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранова М.М., Муравьева Н.В., Белов Б.С. и др. Коморбидные инфекции у больных спондилоартритами: частота, структура, профилактика. Восемнадцатая научно-практическая конференция «Проблемы современной ревматологии». 27 ноября 2021 г., Москва. Сборник научных трудов. М.: АНО «Содружество ревматологов». 2021; 23–26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranova M.M., Muravyeva N.V., Belov B.S. et al. Comorbid infections in patients with spondyloarthritis: frequency, structure, prevention. The eighteenth scientiﬁc and practical conference «Problems of modern rheumatology». November 27, 2021, Moscow. Collection of scientiﬁc works. Moscow:, ANO «Commonwealth of Rheumatologists». 2021; 23–26. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brocq O., Acquacalda E., Berthier F. et al. Inﬂuenza and pneumococcal vaccine coverage in 584 patients taking biological therapy for chronic inﬂammatory joint: A retrospective study. Joint Bone Spine. 2016; 83 (2): 155–159. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2015.11.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brocq O., Acquacalda E., Berthier F. et al. Inﬂuenza and pneumococcal vaccine coverage in 584 patients taking biological therapy for chronic inﬂammatory joint: A retrospective study. Joint Bone Spine. 2016; 83 (2): 155–159. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2015.11.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lejri-El Euchi H., Chirpaz E. et al. Vaccination against inﬂuenza and pneumococcal infections in patients with autoimmune disorders under biological therapy: Coverage and attitudes in patients and physicians. Eur J Intern Med. 2019; 69: 25–31. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2019.08.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lejri-El Euchi H., Chirpaz E. et al. Vaccination against inﬂuenza and pneumococcal infections in patients with autoimmune disorders under biological therapy: Coverage and attitudes in patients and physicians. Eur J Intern Med. 2019; 69: 25–31. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2019.08.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO. Training manual for Streptococcus Pneumoniae serotype speciﬁc IgG (PN PS ELISA). Available at: http://www.vaccine.uab.edu/ELISA%20protocol.pdf. Accessed: 20th January 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO. Training manual for Streptococcus Pneumoniae serotype speciﬁc IgG (PN PS ELISA). Available at: http://www.vaccine.uab.edu/ELISA%20protocol.pdf. Accessed: 20th January 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Aalst M., Langedijk A.C., Spijker R. et al. The eﬀect of immunosuppressive agents on immunogenicity of pneumococcal vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2018; 36 (39): 5832–5845. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Aalst M., Langedijk A.C., Spijker R. et al. The eﬀect of immunosuppressive agents on immunogenicity of pneumococcal vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2018; 36 (39): 5832–5845. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rákóczi É., Szekanecz Z. Pneumococcal vaccination in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. RMD Open. 2017; 3: e000484. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2017-000484.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rákóczi É., Szekanecz Z. Pneumococcal vaccination in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. RMD Open. 2017; 3: e000484. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2017-000484.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rasmussen S.L., Fuursted K., Nielsen K.A. et al. Pneumococcal antibody protection in patients with autoimmune inﬂammatory rheumatic diseases with varying vaccination status. Scand J Rheumatol. 2020; 49 (5): 353–360. doi: 10.1080/03009742.2020.1732459.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rasmussen S.L., Fuursted K., Nielsen K.A. et al. Pneumococcal antibody protection in patients with autoimmune inﬂammatory rheumatic diseases with varying vaccination status. Scand J Rheumatol. 2020; 49 (5): 353–360. doi: 10.1080/03009742.2020.1732459.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bühler S., Eperon G., Ribi C. et al. Vaccination recommendations for adult patients with autoimmune inﬂammatory rheumatic diseases. Swiss Med Wkly. 2015; 145: w14159. doi: 10.4414/smw.2015.14159.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bühler S., Eperon G., Ribi C. et al. Vaccination recommendations for adult patients with autoimmune inﬂammatory rheumatic diseases. Swiss Med Wkly. 2015; 145: w14159. doi: 10.4414/smw.2015.14159.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
