<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-1-2-62-74</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-891</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мобильные  генетические элементы прокариот и их роль в формировании резистентности к антибиотикам у патогенных  бактерий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mobile Genetic Elements of Prokaryotes and Their Role in the Formation of Antibiotic Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрюков</surname><given-names>Б. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andryukov</surname><given-names>B. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрюков Борис  Георгиевич — доктор медицинских наук, ведущий  научный сотрудник лаборатории кишечных инфекций.</p><p>ул. Сельская, д. 1, Владивосток, 690087.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris G. Andryukov — D. Sc. in medicine, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing.</p><p>1 Selskaya st., Vladivostok, 690087.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrukov_bg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беседнова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Besednova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беседнова Наталья Николаевна — академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор,  главный научный  сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии.</p><p>Владивосток.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya N. Besednova — Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D.Sc. in medicine, Professor, Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection  and Human Wellbeing.</p><p>Vladivostok.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Запорожец</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaporozhets</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Запорожец Татьяна Станиславовна — доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунологии, заместитель по науке директора.</p><p>Владивосток.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana S. Zaporozhets — D. Sc. in medicine, Somov Research Institute  of Epidemiology and  Microbiology of the  Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection  and Human Wellbeing.</p><p>Vladivostok.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.П. Сомова Роспотребнадзора; ДФ ГНИИИ военной медицины МО РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection  and Human Wellbeing; Far Eastern Branch of the State Research and Testing Institute of Military Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.П. Сомова Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Somov  Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection  and Human Wellbeing</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>1-2</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андрюков Б.Г., Беседнова Н.Н., Запорожец Т.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андрюков Б.Г., Беседнова Н.Н., Запорожец Т.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andryukov B.G., Besednova N.N., Zaporozhets T.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/891">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/891</self-uri><abstract><p>Появление  и распространение  в последние десятилетия штаммов  патогенных  бактерий, резистентных к антибиотикам, является тревожной тенденцией и серьёзным  вызовом для будущего человечества во всем мире. Ситуация усугубляется горизонтальным переносом и распространением среди микроорганизмов генов устойчивости к антибиотикам посредством мобильных генетических элементов (МГЭ) — чрезвычайно  пёстрой группы  прокариотического мобилома, способных  внутри- или межклеточно перемещать  молекулы  ДНК. Мобильные  генетические элементы играют центральную роль в фенотипической адаптации бактерий, обеспечении устойчивости к антибиотикам и физическим параметрам среды обитания, приобретении факторов патогенности и трансформации путей метаболизма. Однако при планировании стратегий по сдерживанию распространения устойчивости  патогенов к антимикробным препаратам  важное значение  МГЭ  часто упускается из виду. Целью  этого обзора является  краткая характеристика основных  типов МГЭ  (плазмид, транспозонов, бактериофагов, интегронов, интронов), участвующих  в формировании резистентности к антибиотикам у патогенных бактерий с акцентом  на представителей семейства Enterobacteriaceae. В заключительной части обзора рассматриваются перспективные современные стратегии борьбы с антимикробной устойчивостью, основанные на использовании антиплазмидных подходов и CRISPR/Cas  технологий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacterial strains in recent decades is an alarming trend and a serious challenge for the future of mankind around the world. The horizontal transfer and spread of antibiotic resistance genes among microorganisms through mobile genetic elements (MGEs), an extremely diverse group of prokaryotic mobilomas capable of moving DNA molecules intra- or intercellularly, aggravate the situation. MGEs play a central role in the phenotypic adaptation of bacteria, providing resistance to antibiotics and physical parameters of the environment, acquiring pathogenicity factors, and transforming metabolic pathways. However, the importance of MGEs is often overlooked when planning the strategies to contain the spread of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens. The aim of this review is to brieﬂy characterize the main types of MGEs (plasmids, transposons, bacteriophages, integrons, and introns) involved in the formation of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria, with an emphasis on the members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. In the ﬁnal part of the review, promising modern strategies for combating antimicrobial resistance based on the use of antiplasmid approaches and CRISPR/Cas  technologies are considered.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мобильные генетические элементы (МГЭ)</kwd><kwd>бактерии</kwd><kwd>резистентность к антибиотикам</kwd><kwd>горизонтальный генетический перенос (ГГП)</kwd><kwd>плазмиды</kwd><kwd>транспозоны</kwd><kwd>интегроны</kwd><kwd>бактериофаги</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mobile genetic elements (MGEs)</kwd><kwd>bacteria</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>horizontal genetic transfer (HGT)</kwd><kwd>plasmids</kwd><kwd>transposons</kwd><kwd>integrons</kwd><kwd>bacteriophages</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoﬀmann M., Pettengill J.B., Gonzalez-Escalona N., Miller J., Ayers S.L., Zhao S. et al. Comparative sequence analysis of multidrug-resistant IncA/C plasmids from Salmonella enterica. Front Microbiol. 2017; 8: 1459. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01459.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoﬀmann M., Pettengill J.B., Gonzalez-Escalona N., Miller J., Ayers S.L., Zhao S. et al. Comparative sequence analysis of multidrug-resistant IncA/C plasmids from Salmonella enterica. Front Microbiol. 2017; 8: 1459. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01459.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO (2021): World Health Organization oﬃcial website. Available online at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance (Accessed January 03, 2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO (2021): World Health Organization oﬃcial website. Available online at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance (Accessed January 03, 2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">CDC (2021): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention oﬃcial website. Available online at: https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/index.html [accessed January 04, 2022].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">CDC (2021): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention oﬃcial website. Available online at: https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/index.html [accessed January 04, 2022].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">FDA (2018): The National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. Available online at: Resistance/NationalAntimicrobialResistanceMonitoringSystem/defaulthtm (Accessed January 06 2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">FDA (2018): The National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. Available online at: Resistance/NationalAntimicrobialResistanceMonitoringSystem/defaulthtm (Accessed January 06 2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McLinden T., Sargeant J.M., Thomas M.K., Papadopoulos A., Fazil A. Component costs of foodborne illness: a scoping review. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14: 509. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-509.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McLinden T., Sargeant J.M., Thomas M.K., Papadopoulos A., Fazil A. Component costs of foodborne illness: a scoping review. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14: 509. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-509.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андрюков Б.Г., Запорожец Т.С., Беседнова Н.Н. Перспективные стратегии поиска новых средств борьбы с инфекционными заболеваниями. Антибиотики и химиотер. 2018; 63 (1–2): 44–55. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1306245.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andryukov B.G., Zaporozhec T.S., Besednova N.N. Perspektivnye strategii poiska novyh sredstv bor'by s infekcionnymi zabolevaniyami // Antibiotiki i Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy. 2018; 63 (1–2): 44–55. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1306245 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guimaraes L.C., Florczak-Wyspianska J., de Jesus L.B., Viana M.V., Silva A., Ramos R.T. et al. Inside the Pan-genome — methods and software overview. Curr Genomics. 2015; 16 245–252. doi: 10.2174/1389202916666150423002311.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guimaraes L.C., Florczak-Wyspianska J., de Jesus L.B., Viana M.V., Silva A., Ramos R.T. et al. Inside the Pan-genome — methods and software overview. Curr Genomics. 2015; 16 245–252. doi: 10.2174/1389202916666150423002311.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Humphrey, S., Fillol-Salom, A., Quiles-Puchalt, N. et al. Bacterial chromosomal mobility via lateral transduction exceeds that of classical mobile genetic elements. Nat Commun 2021; 12: 6509.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Humphrey, S., Fillol-Salom, A., Quiles-Puchalt, N. et al. Bacterial chromosomal mobility via lateral transduction exceeds that of classical mobile genetic elements. Nat Commun 2021; 12: 6509.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hall J.P.J., Harrison E., Baltrus D.A. Introduction: the secret lives of microbial mobile genetic elements. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2022; 377 (1842): 20200460. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0460.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hall J.P.J., Harrison E., Baltrus D.A. Introduction: the secret lives of microbial mobile genetic elements. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2022; 377 (1842): 20200460. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0460.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu Z., He P., Shao L., Zhang H., Lü F. Co-occurrence of mobile genetic elements and antibiotic resistance genes in municipal solid waste landﬁll leachates: A preliminary insight into the role of landﬁll age. Water Res. 2016; 106: 583–592. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.042.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu Z., He P., Shao L., Zhang H., Lü F. Co-occurrence of mobile genetic elements and antibiotic resistance genes in municipal solid waste landﬁll leachates: A preliminary insight into the role of landﬁll age. Water Res. 2016; 106: 583–592. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.042.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fricke W.F., Mammel M.K., McDermott P.F., Tartera C., White D.G., Leclerc J.E. et al. Comparative genomics of 28 Salmonella enterica isolates: evidence for CRISPR-mediated adaptive sublineage evolution. J. Bacteriol. 2011; 193, 3556–3568. doi: 10.1128/JB.00297-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fricke W.F., Mammel M.K., McDermott P.F., Tartera C., White D.G., Leclerc J.E. et al. Comparative genomics of 28 Salmonella enterica isolates: evidence for CRISPR-mediated adaptive sublineage evolution. J. Bacteriol. 2011; 193, 3556–3568. doi: 10.1128/JB.00297-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Романова Ю.М.,Гинцбург А.Л. Мобильные генетические элементы и их роль в эволюции патогенных бактерий. Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук. 2001; 11: 15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romanova Yu.M., Gincburg A.L. Mobil'nye geneticheskie elementy i ih rol' v evolyucii patogennyh bakterij. Vestnik Rossijskoj Akademii Medicinskih Nauk. 2001; 11: 15 (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Partridge S.R., Kwong S.M., Firth N., Jensen S.O. Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018; 31 (4): e00088-17. doi:10.1128/CMR.00088-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Partridge S.R., Kwong S.M., Firth N., Jensen S.O. Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018; 31 (4): e00088-17. doi:10.1128/CMR.00088-17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghaly T.M.,Gillings M.R. New perspectives on mobile genetic elements: a paradigm shift for managing the antibiotic resistance crisis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2022; 377 (1842): 20200462. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0462.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghaly T.M.,Gillings M.R. New perspectives on mobile genetic elements: a paradigm shift for managing the antibiotic resistance crisis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2022; 377 (1842): 20200462. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0462.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wiesner M., Fernández-Mora M, Cevallos M.A., Zavala-Alvarado C., Zaidi M.B., Calva E., Silva C. Conjugative transfer of an IncA/C plasmid-borne blaCMY-2 gene through genetic re-arrangements with an IncX1 plasmid. BMC Microbiol. 2013; 13: 264. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-264.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wiesner M., Fernández-Mora M, Cevallos M.A., Zavala-Alvarado C., Zaidi M.B., Calva E., Silva C. Conjugative transfer of an IncA/C plasmid-borne blaCMY-2 gene through genetic re-arrangements with an IncX1 plasmid. BMC Microbiol. 2013; 13: 264. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-264.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stalder T., Barraud O.,Casellas M.,Dagot C.,Ploy M.C. Integron involvement in environmental spread of antibiotic resistance. Front Microbiol. 2012; 3: 119. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stalder T., Barraud O.,Casellas M.,Dagot C.,Ploy M.C. Integron involvement in environmental spread of antibiotic resistance. Front Microbiol. 2012; 3: 119. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang Q.E., Sun J., Li L., Deng H., Liu B.T., Fang L.X., Liao X.P., Liu Y.H. IncF plasmid diversity in multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli strains from animals in China. Front Microbiol. 2015; 6: 964. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00964.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang Q.E., Sun J., Li L., Deng H., Liu B.T., Fang L.X., Liao X.P., Liu Y.H. IncF plasmid diversity in multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli strains from animals in China. Front Microbiol. 2015; 6: 964. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00964.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hülter N., Ilhan J., Wein T., Kadibalban A.S., Hammerschmidt K., Dagan T. An evolutionary perspective on plasmid lifestyle modes. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2017; 38: 74–80. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.05.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hülter N., Ilhan J., Wein T., Kadibalban A.S., Hammerschmidt K., Dagan T. An evolutionary perspective on plasmid lifestyle modes. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2017; 38: 74–80. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2017.05.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hall J.P.J., Brockhurst M.A., Dytham C., Harrison E. The evolution of plasmid stability: Are infectious transmission and compensatory evolution competing evolutionary trajectories? Plasmid. 2017; 91: 90–95. doi: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2017.04.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hall J.P.J., Brockhurst M.A., Dytham C., Harrison E. The evolution of plasmid stability: Are infectious transmission and compensatory evolution competing evolutionary trajectories? Plasmid. 2017; 91: 90–95. doi: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2017.04.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y., Batra A., Schulenburg H., Dagan T. Gene sharing among plasmids and chromosomes reveals barriers for antibiotic resistance gene transfer. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2022; 377 (1842): 20200467. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0467.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y., Batra A., Schulenburg H., Dagan T. Gene sharing among plasmids and chromosomes reveals barriers for antibiotic resistance gene transfer. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2022; 377 (1842): 20200467. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0467.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orlek A., Stoesser N., Anjum M.F. et al. Plasmid classiﬁcation in an era of whole-genome sequencing: application in studies of antibiotic resistance epidemiology. Front Microbiol. 2017; 8: 182. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00182.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orlek A., Stoesser N., Anjum M.F. et al. Plasmid classiﬁcation in an era of whole-genome sequencing: application in studies of antibiotic resistance epidemiology. Front Microbiol. 2017; 8: 182. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00182.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahérault A.C., Kemble H., Magnan M., Gachet B., Roche D., Le Nagard H., Tenaillon O., Denamur E., Branger C., Landraud L. Advantage of the F2:A1:B- IncF pandemic plasmid over incc plasmids in in vitro acquisition and evolution of blaCTX-M gene-bearing plasmids in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019; 63 (10): e01130-19. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01130-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahérault A.C., Kemble H., Magnan M., Gachet B., Roche D., Le Nagard H., Tenaillon O., Denamur E., Branger C., Landraud L. Advantage of the F2:A1:B- IncF pandemic plasmid over incc plasmids in in vitro acquisition and evolution of blaCTX-M gene-bearing plasmids in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019; 63 (10): e01130-19. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01130-19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gołebiewski M., Kern-Zdanowicz I., Zienkiewicz M. et al. Complete nucleotide sequence of the pCTX-M3 plasmid and its involvement in spread of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene blaCTX-M-3. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007; 51 (11): 3789–3795. doi:10.1128/AAC.00457-07.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gołebiewski M., Kern-Zdanowicz I., Zienkiewicz M. et al. Complete nucleotide sequence of the pCTX-M3 plasmid and its involvement in spread of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene blaCTX-M-3. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007; 51 (11): 3789–3795. doi:10.1128/AAC.00457-07.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kern-Zdanowicz I. pCTX-M3-Structure, function, and evolution of a multi-resistance conjugative plasmid of a broad recipient range. Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22 (9): 4606. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094606.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kern-Zdanowicz I. pCTX-M3-Structure, function, and evolution of a multi-resistance conjugative plasmid of a broad recipient range. Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22 (9): 4606. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094606.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen W., Fang T., Zhou X., Zhang D., Shi X., Shi C. IncHI2 Plasmids Are Predominant in Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Isolates. Front Microbiol. 2016; 7: 1566. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01566.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen W., Fang T., Zhou X., Zhang D., Shi X., Shi C. IncHI2 Plasmids Are Predominant in Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Isolates. Front Microbiol. 2016; 7: 1566. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01566.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Douard G., Praud K., Cloeckaert A., Doublet B. The Salmonella genomic island 1 is speciﬁcally mobilized in trans by the IncA/C multidrug resistance plasmid family. PLoS One. 2010; 5 (12): e15302. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Douard G., Praud K., Cloeckaert A., Doublet B. The Salmonella genomic island 1 is speciﬁcally mobilized in trans by the IncA/C multidrug resistance plasmid family. PLoS One. 2010; 5 (12): e15302. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poulin-Laprade D., Carraro N., Burrus V. The extended regulatory networks of SXT/R391 integrative and conjugative elements and IncA/C conjugative plasmids. Front Microbiol. 2015; 6: 837. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00837.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poulin-Laprade D., Carraro N., Burrus V. The extended regulatory networks of SXT/R391 integrative and conjugative elements and IncA/C conjugative plasmids. Front Microbiol. 2015; 6: 837. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00837.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernandez-Alarcon C., Singer R.S., Johnson T.J. Comparative genomics of multidrug resistance-encoding IncA/C plasmids from commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli from multiple animal sources. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6: e23415. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023415.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernandez-Alarcon C., Singer R.S., Johnson T.J. Comparative genomics of multidrug resistance-encoding IncA/C plasmids from commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli from multiple animal sources. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6: e23415. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023415.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cao G., Allard M., Hoﬀmann M., Muruvanda T., Luo Y., Payne J., et al. Sequence analysis of IncA/C and IncI1 plasmids isolated from multidrug-resistant Salmonella newport using single-molecule real-time sequencing. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 2018; 15: 361371. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2385.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cao G., Allard M., Hoﬀmann M., Muruvanda T., Luo Y., Payne J., et al. Sequence analysis of IncA/C and IncI1 plasmids isolated from multidrug-resistant Salmonella newport using single-molecule real-time sequencing. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 2018; 15: 361371. doi: 10.1089/ fpd.2017.2385.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carraro N., Matteau D., Luo P., Rodrigue S., Burrus V. The master activator of IncA/C conjugative plasmids stimulates genomic islands and multidrug resistance dissemination. PLoS Genet. 2014; 10 (10): e1004714. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004714.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carraro N., Matteau D., Luo P., Rodrigue S., Burrus V. The master activator of IncA/C conjugative plasmids stimulates genomic islands and multidrug resistance dissemination. PLoS Genet. 2014; 10 (10): e1004714. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004714.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">García-Fernández A., Carattoli A. Plasmid double locus sequence typing for IncHI2 plasmids, a subtyping scheme for the characterization of IncHI2 plasmids carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and quinolone resistance genes. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010; 65 (6): 1155–1161. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkq101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">García-Fernández A., Carattoli A. Plasmid double locus sequence typing for IncHI2 plasmids, a subtyping scheme for the characterization of IncHI2 plasmids carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and quinolone resistance genes. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010; 65 (6): 1155–1161. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkq101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nordmann P., Poirel L. Emergence of plasmid-mediated resistance to quinolones in Enterobacteriaceae. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005; 56 (3): 463–469. doi: 10.1093/jac/dki245.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nordmann P., Poirel L. Emergence of plasmid-mediated resistance to quinolones in Enterobacteriaceae. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005; 56 (3): 463–469. doi: 10.1093/jac/dki245.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnson T.J., Lang K.S. IncA/C plasmids: An emerging threat to human and animal health? Mob Genet Elements. 2012; 2 (1): 55–58. doi: 10.4161/mge.19626.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnson T.J., Lang K.S. IncA/C plasmids: An emerging threat to human and animal health? Mob Genet Elements. 2012; 2 (1): 55–58. doi: 10.4161/mge.19626.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leavitt A., Chmelnitsky I., Carmeli Y., Navon-Venezia S. Complete nucleotide sequence of KPC-3-encoding plasmid pKpQIL in the epidemic Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 258. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010; 54 (10): 44934496. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00175-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leavitt A., Chmelnitsky I., Carmeli Y., Navon-Venezia S. Complete nucleotide sequence of KPC-3-encoding plasmid pKpQIL in the epidemic Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 258. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010; 54 (10): 44934496. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00175-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Curiao T., Morosini M.I., Ruiz-Garbajosa P., Robustillo A., Baquero F., Coque T.M., Cantón R. Emergence of bla KPC-3-Tn4401a associated with a pKPN3/4-like plasmid within ST384 and ST388 Klebsiella pneumoniae clones in Spain. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010; 65 (8): 16081614. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkq174.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Curiao T., Morosini M.I., Ruiz-Garbajosa P., Robustillo A., Baquero F., Coque T.M., Cantón R. Emergence of bla KPC-3-Tn4401a associated with a pKPN3/4-like plasmid within ST384 and ST388 Klebsiella pneumoniae clones in Spain. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010; 65 (8): 16081614. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkq174.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnson T.J., Shepard S.M.,Rivet B., Danzeisen J.L.,Carattoli A. Comparative genomics and phylogeny of the IncI1 plasmids: a common plasmid type among porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Plasmid. 2011 Sep; 66 (3): 14451. doi: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2011.07.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnson T.J., Shepard S.M.,Rivet B., Danzeisen J.L.,Carattoli A. Comparative genomics and phylogeny of the IncI1 plasmids: a common plasmid type among porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Plasmid. 2011 Sep; 66 (3): 14451. doi: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2011.07.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szmolka A., Lestár B., Pászti J., Fekete P., Nagy B. Conjugative IncF and IncI1 plasmids with tet(A) and class 1 integron conferring multidrug resistance in F18(+) porcine enterotoxigenic E.coli. Acta Vet Hung. 2015 Dec; 63 (4): 42543. doi: 10.1556/004.2015.040.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szmolka A., Lestár B., Pászti J., Fekete P., Nagy B. Conjugative IncF and IncI1 plasmids with tet(A) and class 1 integron conferring multidrug resistance in F18(+) porcine enterotoxigenic E.coli. Acta Vet Hung. 2015 Dec; 63 (4): 42543. doi: 10.1556/004.2015.040.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carattoli A., Seiﬀert S.N., Schwendener S., Perreten V., Endimiani A. Differentiation of IncL and IncM plasmids associated with the spread of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance. PLoS One. 2015; 10 (5): e0123063. Published 2015 May 1. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123063.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carattoli A., Seiﬀert S.N., Schwendener S., Perreten V., Endimiani A. Differentiation of IncL and IncM plasmids associated with the spread of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance. PLoS One. 2015; 10 (5): e0123063. Published 2015 May 1. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123063.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernández-López R., Garcillán-Barcia M.P., Revilla C., Lázaro M., Vielva L., de la Cruz F. Dynamics of the IncW genetic backbone imply general trends in conjugative plasmid evolution. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2006 Nov; 30 (6): 94266. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00042.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernández-López R., Garcillán-Barcia M.P., Revilla C., Lázaro M., Vielva L., de la Cruz F. Dynamics of the IncW genetic backbone imply general trends in conjugative plasmid evolution. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2006 Nov; 30 (6): 94266. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00042.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loftie-Eaton W., Rawlings D.E. Diversity, biology and evolution of IncQ-family plasmids. Plasmid. 2012; 67 (1): 1534. doi: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2011.10.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loftie-Eaton W., Rawlings D.E. Diversity, biology and evolution of IncQ-family plasmids. Plasmid. 2012; 67 (1): 1534. doi: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2011.10.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rozwandowicz M., Brouwer M.S.M., Fischer J., Wagenaar J.A., Gonzalez-Zorn B., Guerra B., Mevius D.J., Hordijk J. Plasmids carrying antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018; 73 (5): 11211137. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkx488.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rozwandowicz M., Brouwer M.S.M., Fischer J., Wagenaar J.A., Gonzalez-Zorn B., Guerra B., Mevius D.J., Hordijk J. Plasmids carrying antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018; 73 (5): 11211137. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkx488.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jahantigh M., Samadi K., Dizaji R.E. et al. Antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from lesions of colibacillosis in broiler chickens in Sistan, Iran. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16: 267.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jahantigh M., Samadi K., Dizaji R.E. et al. Antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from lesions of colibacillosis in broiler chickens in Sistan, Iran. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16: 267.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muthuirulandi Sethuvel D.P., Anandan S., Devanga Ragupathi N.K., Gajendiran R., Kuroda M., Shibayama K., Veeraraghavan B. IncFII plasmid carrying antimicrobial resistance genes in Shigella ﬂexneri: Vehicle for dissemination. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2019; 16: 215219. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.10.014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muthuirulandi Sethuvel D.P., Anandan S., Devanga Ragupathi N.K., Gajendiran R., Kuroda M., Shibayama K., Veeraraghavan B. IncFII plasmid carrying antimicrobial resistance genes in Shigella ﬂexneri: Vehicle for dissemination. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2019; 16: 215219. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.10.014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hooper D.C. Plasmids and genes contributing to high-level quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020; 56 (1): 105987. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105987.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hooper D.C. Plasmids and genes contributing to high-level quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020; 56 (1): 105987. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105987.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Couchoud C., Bertrand X., Valot B., Hocquet D. Deciphering the role of insertion sequences in the evolution of bacterial epidemic pathogens with panISa software. Microb Genom. 2020; 6 (6): e000356. doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.000356.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Couchoud C., Bertrand X., Valot B., Hocquet D. Deciphering the role of insertion sequences in the evolution of bacterial epidemic pathogens with panISa software. Microb Genom. 2020; 6 (6): e000356. doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.000356.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sultan I., Rahman S., Jan A.T., Siddiqui M.T., Mondal A.H., Haq Q.M.R. Antibiotics, Resistome and Resistance Mechanisms: A Bacterial Perspective. Front Microbiol. 2018; 9: 2066. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02066.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sultan I., Rahman S., Jan A.T., Siddiqui M.T., Mondal A.H., Haq Q.M.R. Antibiotics, Resistome and Resistance Mechanisms: A Bacterial Perspective. Front Microbiol. 2018; 9: 2066. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02066.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sabbagh P., Rajabnia M., Maali A., Ferdosi-Shahandashti E. Integron and its role in antimicrobial resistance: a literature review on some bacterial pathogens. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2021; 24 (2): 136142. doi: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.48905.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sabbagh P., Rajabnia M., Maali A., Ferdosi-Shahandashti E. Integron and its role in antimicrobial resistance: a literature review on some bacterial pathogens. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2021; 24 (2): 136142. doi: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.48905.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akrami F., Rajabnia M., Pournajaf A. Resistance integrons; a mini review. Caspian J Intern Med. 2019; 10 (4): 370376. doi: 10.22088/cjim.10.4.370.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akrami F., Rajabnia M., Pournajaf A. Resistance integrons; a mini review. Caspian J Intern Med. 2019; 10 (4): 370376. doi: 10.22088/cjim.10.4.370.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cury J.,Jové T.,Touchon M.,Néron B.,Rocha E.P. Identiﬁcation and analysis of integrons and cassette arrays in bacterial genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44 (10): 45394550. doi:10.1093/nar/gkw319.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cury J.,Jové T.,Touchon M.,Néron B.,Rocha E.P. Identiﬁcation and analysis of integrons and cassette arrays in bacterial genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44 (10): 45394550. doi:10.1093/nar/gkw319.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He J., Li C., Cui P., Wang H. Detection of Tn7-like transposons and antibiotic resistance in enterobacterales from animals used for food production with identiﬁcation of three novel transposons Tn6813, Tn6814, and Tn6765. Front Microbiol. 2020 Sep 4; 11: 2049. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02049.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He J., Li C., Cui P., Wang H. Detection of Tn7-like transposons and antibiotic resistance in enterobacterales from animals used for food production with identiﬁcation of three novel transposons Tn6813, Tn6814, and Tn6765. Front Microbiol. 2020 Sep 4; 11: 2049. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02049.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siguier P., Gourbeyre E., Varani A., Ton-Hoang B., Chandler M. Everyman's guide to bacterial insertion sequences. Microbiol Spectr. 2015; 3: MDNA3-0030-2014. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.MDNA3-0030-2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siguier P., Gourbeyre E., Varani A., Ton-Hoang B., Chandler M. Everyman's guide to bacterial insertion sequences. Microbiol Spectr. 2015; 3: MDNA3-0030-2014. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.MDNA3-0030-2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vandecraen J., Chandler M., Aertsen A., Van Houdt R., Houdt R.V. The impact of insertion sequences on bacterial genome plasticity and adaptability. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2017; 43: 709730. doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2017.1303661.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vandecraen J., Chandler M., Aertsen A., Van Houdt R., Houdt R.V. The impact of insertion sequences on bacterial genome plasticity and adaptability. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2017; 43: 709730. doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2017.1303661.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Babakhani S., Oloomi M. Transposons: the agents of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. J Basic Microbiol. 2018; 58 (11): 905917. doi: 10.1002/jobm.201800204.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babakhani S., Oloomi M. Transposons: the agents of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. J Basic Microbiol. 2018; 58 (11): 905917. doi: 10.1002/jobm.201800204.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Opijnen T., Camilli A. Transposon insertion sequencing: a new tool for systems-level analysis of microorganisms. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2013; 11 (7): 43542. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro3033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Opijnen T., Camilli A. Transposon insertion sequencing: a new tool for systems-level analysis of microorganisms. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2013; 11 (7): 43542. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro3033.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cain A.K., Hall R.M. Evolution of IncHI2 plasmids via acquisition of transposons carrying antibiotic resistance determinants. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012; 67: 11211127. doi: 10.1093/jac/dks004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cain A.K., Hall R.M. Evolution of IncHI2 plasmids via acquisition of transposons carrying antibiotic resistance determinants. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012; 67: 11211127. doi: 10.1093/jac/dks004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marti E., Variatza E., Balcázar J.L. Bacteriophages as a reservoir of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and ﬂuoroquinolone resistance genes in the environment. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014; 20: 456–459. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12446.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marti E., Variatza E., Balcázar J.L. Bacteriophages as a reservoir of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and ﬂuoroquinolone resistance genes in the environment. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014; 20: 456–459. doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12446.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Colavecchio A., Cadieux B., Lo A., Goodridge L.D. Bacteriophages contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among foodborne pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family — a review. Front Microbiol. 2017; 8: 1108. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Colavecchio A., Cadieux B., Lo A., Goodridge L.D. Bacteriophages contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among foodborne pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family — a review. Front Microbiol. 2017; 8: 1108. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manohar P., Tamhankar A.J., Lundborg C.S., Nachimuthu R. Therapeutic characterization and eﬃcacy of bacteriophage cocktails infecting Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter species. Front Microbiol. 2019; 10: 574. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00574.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manohar P., Tamhankar A.J., Lundborg C.S., Nachimuthu R. Therapeutic characterization and eﬃcacy of bacteriophage cocktails infecting Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter species. Front Microbiol. 2019; 10: 574. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00574.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shousha A., Awaiwanont N., Sofka D., Smulders F.J., Paulsen P., Szostak M.P. et al. Bacteriophages isolated from chicken meat and the horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015; 81: 4600–4606. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00872-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shousha A., Awaiwanont N., Sofka D., Smulders F.J., Paulsen P., Szostak M.P. et al. Bacteriophages isolated from chicken meat and the horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015; 81: 4600–4606. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00872-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feiner R., Argov T., Rabinovich L., Sigal N., Borovok I., Herskovits A.A. A new perspective on lysogeny: prophages as active regulatory switches of bacteria. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2015; 13: 641650. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro3527.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feiner R., Argov T., Rabinovich L., Sigal N., Borovok I., Herskovits A.A. A new perspective on lysogeny: prophages as active regulatory switches of bacteria. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2015; 13: 641650. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro3527.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pattenden T., Eagles C., Wahl L.M. Host life-history traits inﬂuence the distribution of prophages and the genes they carry. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2022; 377 (1842): 20200465. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0465.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pattenden T., Eagles C., Wahl L.M. Host life-history traits inﬂuence the distribution of prophages and the genes they carry. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2022; 377 (1842): 20200465. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0465.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marinus M.G., Poteete A.R. High eﬃciency generalized transduction in Escherichia coli O157:H7. F1000Res. 2014; 2: 7. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.2-7.v1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marinus M.G., Poteete A.R. High eﬃciency generalized transduction in Escherichia coli O157:H7. F1000Res. 2014; 2: 7. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.2-7.v1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Treepong P., Guyeux C., Meunier A., Couchoud C., Hocquet D. et al. panISa: ab initio detection of insertion sequences in bacterial genomes from short read sequence data. Bioinformatics. 2018; 34: 37953800. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty479.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Treepong P., Guyeux C., Meunier A., Couchoud C., Hocquet D. et al. panISa: ab initio detection of insertion sequences in bacterial genomes from short read sequence data. Bioinformatics. 2018; 34: 37953800. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty479.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scholtmeijer K., Wösten H.A., Springer J., Wessels J.G. Eﬀect of introns and AT-rich sequences on expression of the bacterial hygromycin B resistance gene in the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001; 67 (1): 481483. doi: 10.1128/AEM.67.1.481-483.2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scholtmeijer K., Wösten H.A., Springer J., Wessels J.G. Eﬀect of introns and AT-rich sequences on expression of the bacterial hygromycin B resistance gene in the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001; 67 (1): 481483. doi: 10.1128/AEM.67.1.481-483.2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Razavi M.,Kristiansson E.,Flach C.F.,Larsson D.G.J. The association between insertion sequences and antibiotic resistance genes. mSphere. 2020; 5 (5): e00418-20. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00418-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Razavi M.,Kristiansson E.,Flach C.F.,Larsson D.G.J. The association between insertion sequences and antibiotic resistance genes. mSphere. 2020; 5 (5): e00418-20. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00418-20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Che Y., Yang Y., Xu X., Břinda K., Polz M.F., Hanage W.P., Zhang T. Conjugative plasmids interact with insertion sequences to shape the horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2021 Feb 9; 118 (6): e2008731118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2008731118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Che Y., Yang Y., Xu X., Břinda K., Polz M.F., Hanage W.P., Zhang T. Conjugative plasmids interact with insertion sequences to shape the horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2021 Feb 9; 118 (6): e2008731118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2008731118.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olliver A., Vallé M., Chaslus-Dancla E., Cloeckaert A. Overexpression of the multidrug eﬄux operon acrEF by insertional activation with IS1 or IS10 elements in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT204 acrB mutants selected with ﬂuoroquinolones. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005; 49 (1): 289301. doi: 10.1128/AAC.49.1.289-301.2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olliver A., Vallé M., Chaslus-Dancla E., Cloeckaert A. Overexpression of the multidrug eﬄux operon acrEF by insertional activation with IS1 or IS10 elements in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT204 acrB mutants selected with ﬂuoroquinolones. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005; 49 (1): 289301. doi: 10.1128/AAC.49.1.289-301.2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Partridge S.R. Analysis of antibiotic resistance regions in gram-negative bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2011; 35 (5): 82055. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00277.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Partridge S.R. Analysis of antibiotic resistance regions in gram-negative bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2011; 35 (5): 82055. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00277.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sütterlin S., Bray J.E., Maiden M.C.J., Tano E. Distribution of class 1 integrons in historic and contemporary collections of human pathogenic Escherichia coli. PLoS One. 2020; 15 (6): e0233315. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233315.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sütterlin S., Bray J.E., Maiden M.C.J., Tano E. Distribution of class 1 integrons in historic and contemporary collections of human pathogenic Escherichia coli. PLoS One. 2020; 15 (6): e0233315. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233315.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gillings M.R. Integrons: past, present, and future. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2014; 78: 257277. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.00056-13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gillings M.R. Integrons: past, present, and future. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2014; 78: 257277. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.00056-13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cury J.,Jové T.,Touchon M.,Néron B.,Rocha E.P. Identiﬁcation and analysis of integrons and cassette arrays in bacterial genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44: 45394350. doi: pmid:27130947.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cury J.,Jové T.,Touchon M.,Néron B.,Rocha E.P. Identiﬁcation and analysis of integrons and cassette arrays in bacterial genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2016; 44: 45394350. doi: pmid:27130947.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nair D., Venkitanarayanan K., Kollanoor Johny A. Antibiotic-resistant salmonella in the food supply and the potential role of antibiotic alternatives for control. Foods. 2018; 7 (10): 167. doi:10.3390/foods7100167.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nair D., Venkitanarayanan K., Kollanoor Johny A. Antibiotic-resistant salmonella in the food supply and the potential role of antibiotic alternatives for control. Foods. 2018; 7 (10): 167. doi:10.3390/foods7100167.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Curraize C.,Siebor E.,Neuwirth C. Genomic islands related to Salmonella genomic island 1; integrative mobilisable elements in trmE mobilised in trans by A/C plasmids. Plasmid. 2021; 114: 102565. doi: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2021.102565.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Curraize C.,Siebor E.,Neuwirth C. Genomic islands related to Salmonella genomic island 1; integrative mobilisable elements in trmE mobilised in trans by A/C plasmids. Plasmid. 2021; 114: 102565. doi: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2021.102565.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McMillan E.A., Gupta S.K., Williams L.E., Jové T., Hiott L.M., Woodley T.A., Barrett J.B., Jackson C.R., Wasilenko J.L., Simmons M., Tillman G.E., McClelland M., Frye J.G. Antimicrobial resistance genes, cassettes, and plasmids present in salmonella enterica associated with united states food animals. Front Microbiol. 2019; 10: 832. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00832.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McMillan E.A., Gupta S.K., Williams L.E., Jové T., Hiott L.M., Woodley T.A., Barrett J.B., Jackson C.R., Wasilenko J.L., Simmons M., Tillman G.E., McClelland M., Frye J.G. Antimicrobial resistance genes, cassettes, and plasmids present in salmonella enterica associated with united states food animals. Front Microbiol. 2019; 10: 832. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00832.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carattoli A. Resistance plasmid families in Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009; 53: 22272238. doi: 10.1128/Aac.01707-08.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carattoli A. Resistance plasmid families in Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009; 53: 22272238. doi: 10.1128/Aac.01707-08.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jordt H.,Stalder T., Kosterlitz O.,Ponciano J.M.,Top E.M.,Kerr B. Coevolution of host-plasmid pairs facilitates the emergence of novel multidrug resistance. Nat Ecol Evol. 2020; 4 (6): 863869. doi: 10.1038/s41559-020-1170-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jordt H.,Stalder T., Kosterlitz O.,Ponciano J.M.,Top E.M.,Kerr B. Coevolution of host-plasmid pairs facilitates the emergence of novel multidrug resistance. Nat Ecol Evol. 2020; 4 (6): 863869. doi: 10.1038/s41559-020-1170-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">von Wintersdorﬀ C.J., Penders J., Van Niekerk J.M., Mills N.D., Majumder S., Van Alphen L.B. et al. Dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in microbial ecosystems through horizontal gene transfer. Front Microbiol. 2016; 7: 173. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00173.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">von Wintersdorﬀ C.J., Penders J., Van Niekerk J.M., Mills N.D., Majumder S., Van Alphen L.B. et al. Dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in microbial ecosystems through horizontal gene transfer. Front Microbiol. 2016; 7: 173. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00173.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buckner M.M.C., Ciusa M.L., Piddock L.J.V. Strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance: anti-plasmid and plasmid curing. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2018; 42 (6): 781804. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuy031.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buckner M.M.C., Ciusa M.L., Piddock L.J.V. Strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance: anti-plasmid and plasmid curing. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2018; 42 (6): 781804. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuy031.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim J.S., Cho D.H., Park M., Chung W.J., Shin D., Ko K.S., Kweon D.H. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated re-sensitization of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamases. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016; 26 (2): 394401. doi: 10.4014/jmb.1508.08080.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim J.S., Cho D.H., Park M., Chung W.J., Shin D., Ko K.S., Kweon D.H. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated re-sensitization of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamases. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016; 26 (2): 394401. doi: 10.4014/jmb.1508.08080.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu Y., Battalapalli D., Hakeem M.J., Selamneni V., Zhang P., Draz M.S., Ruan Z. Engineered CRISPR-Cas systems for the detection and control of antibiotic-resistant infections. J Nanobiotechnology. 2021; 19 (1): 401. doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-01132-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu Y., Battalapalli D., Hakeem M.J., Selamneni V., Zhang P., Draz M.S., Ruan Z. Engineered CRISPR-Cas systems for the detection and control of antibiotic-resistant infections. J Nanobiotechnology. 2021; 19 (1): 401. doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-01132-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duan C., Cao H., Zhang L.H., Xu Z. Harnessing the CRISPR-Cas Systems to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance. Front Microbiol. 2021; 12: 716064. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duan C., Cao H., Zhang L.H., Xu Z. Harnessing the CRISPR-Cas Systems to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance. Front Microbiol. 2021; 12: 716064. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
