antibioticsАнтибиотики и ХимиотерапияAntibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy0235-2990ООО «Издательство ОКИ»10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-5-6-61-69antibiotics-929Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSЦиклоферон для профилактики, лечения и контроля COVID-19: мультдисциплинарные и сравнительно-исторические аспектыCycloferon as a Means for Prevention, Treatment, and Control of COVID-19: Multidisciplinary and Comparative Historical AspectsМАЗИНП. В.MAZINP. V.

Мазин Павел Владимирович — руководитель Центра внедрения биомедицинских и медицинских технологий.

610998, г. Киров, ул. К. Маркса

Pavel V. Mazin — Head of the Center of Biomedical and Medical Technologies Implementation.

610998, Kirov, K. Marx st.

ang-car-sur-maz@mail.ruХАФИЗЬЯНОВАР. Х.KHAFISIANOVAR. K.

Хафизьянова Рофия Хафизьяновна — д.м.н., профессор кафедры фармакологии, Заслуженный деятель науки РФ и РТ.

Казань

Rofiya Kh. Khafisianova — D. Sc. in medicine.

Kazan

МАЗИНВ. П.MAZINV. P.

Мазин Владимир Павлович — к. м. н., доцент кафедры фармакологии.

Киров

Vladimir P. Mazin — Ph. D. in medicine.

Kirov

ГАЛКИНА. А.GALKINA. A.

Галкин Алексей Анатольевич — к. м. н., заведующий кафедрой фармакологии.

Киров

Aleksey A. Galkin — Ph. D. in medicine.

Kirov

ОСКАНОВА. К.OSKANOVA. K.

Осканов Адам Камаудинович — сотрудник Центра внедрения биомедицинских и медицинских технологий.

Киров

Adam K. Oskanov — employee of the Center of Biomedical and Medical Technologies Implementation.

Kirov

ФГБОУ ВО Кировский государственный медицинский университетРоссияKirov State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО Казанский государственный медицинский университетРоссияKazan State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202209092022675-66169Copyright © МАЗИН П.В., ХАФИЗЬЯНОВА Р.Х., МАЗИН В.П., ГАЛКИН А.А., ОСКАНОВ А.К., 20222022МАЗИН П.В., ХАФИЗЬЯНОВА Р.Х., МАЗИН В.П., ГАЛКИН А.А., ОСКАНОВ А.К.MAZIN P.V., KHAFISIANOVA R.K., MAZIN V.P., GALKIN A.A., OSKANOV A.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/929

Исследования коронавирусов, в том числе способных вызывать опасные заболевания, продолжались долгие десятилетия. Так же долгое время проводились исследования интерферонов и акридин-уксусной кислоты (АУК), которая является мощным индуктором интерферонов. Долгое время оба направления развивались параллельно друг другу. Однако с момента открытия SARS-CoV и создания на основе АУК препарата Циклоферон обозначилась конвергенция этих направлений. К настоящему моменту накоплено множество фактологических и теоретических предпосылок, достаточных для суждения о потенциальной эффективности АУК против COVID-19.

The study of coronaviruses, including those capable of causing life-threatening diseases, continued for many decades. So did the study of interferons, as well as acridine acetic acid, which is a powerful interferon inducer. For a long time, both directions of research developed in parallel to each other. However, the discovery of SARS-CoV and the creation of Cycloferon based on acridine acetic acid made both research directions converge. To date, the abundance of factual and theoretical tenets is enough to estimate the potential effectiveness of acridine acetic acid against COVID-19. 

интерфероныЦиклоферонкоронавирусыCOVID-19SARS-CoVSARS-CoV-2MERS-CoVакридонуксусная кислотакарбоксиметил-акриданониндукторы интерфероновinterferonsCycloferoncoronavirusesCOVID-19SARS-CoVSARS-CoV-2MERS-CoVacridone acetic acidcarboxymethyl-acridanoneinterferon inducersReferencesFung S.Y., Yuen K.S., Ye Z.W., Chan C.P. et al. A tug-of-war between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and host antiviral defence: lessons from other pathogenic viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Mar 14; 9 (1): 558–570. doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1736644. eCollection 2020.Fung S.Y., Yuen K.S., Ye Z.W., Chan C.P. et al. A tug-of-war between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and host antiviral defence: lessons from other pathogenic viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Mar 14; 9 (1): 558–570. doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1736644. eCollection 2020.Kendall E.J., Bynoe M.L., Tyrrell D.A. Virus isolations from common colds occurring in a residential school. Br Med J. 1962; 2: 82–86. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5297.82.Kendall E.J., Bynoe M.L., Tyrrell D.A. Virus isolations from common colds occurring in a residential school. Br Med J. 1962; 2: 82–86. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5297.82.Коваленко А. Л., Григорян С. С., Романцов М. Г., Петров А. Ю. и др. Интерферониндуктивная активность и продукция интерферонов под влиянием солей акридонуксусной кислоты. Экспериментальная и клиническая фармакология. 2014; 77 (11): 16–19.Kovalenko A. L., Grigoryan S. S., Romantsov M. G., Petrov A. Yu. i dr. Interferoninduktivnaya aktivnost' i produktsiya interferonov pod vliyaniem solej akridonuksusnoj kisloty. Eksperimental'naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya. 2014; 77 (11): 16–19. (in Russian)Szulc B., Inglot A.D., Szulc Z., Młochowski J. Competition of sodium salt of 9-oxo-10-acridineacetic acid with analogs during induction of interferon in the mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 1985; 33 (2): 287–97.Szulc B., Inglot A.D., Szulc Z., Młochowski J. Competition of sodium salt of 9-oxo-10-acridineacetic acid with analogs during induction of interferon in the mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 1985; 33 (2): 287–97.Taylor J.L., Schoenherr C.K., Grossberg S.E. High-yield interferon induction by 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone in mice and hamsters. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1980 Jul; 18 (1): 20–26.Taylor J.L., Schoenherr C.K., Grossberg S.E. High-yield interferon induction by 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone in mice and hamsters. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1980 Jul; 18 (1): 20–26.Временные методические рекомендации. Профилактика, диагностика и лечение новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Версия 15 (22.02.2022). Министерство здравоохранения РФ. 2021; 245.Vremennye metodicheskie rekomendatsii. Profilaktika, diagnostika i lechenie novoj koronavirusnoj infektsii (COVID-19). Versiya 15 (22.02.2022). Ministerstvo Zdravookhraneniya RF. 2021; 245. (in Russian)Мазин П.В., Хафизьянова Р.Х., Мазина Н.К., Коваленко А.Л. и др. Меглюмин акридонацетат против COVID-19: перспективы использования. Инфекционные болезни. 2020; 18 (4): 42–52.Mazin P.V., Khafiz'yanova R.Kh., Mazina N.K., Kovalenko A.L. i dr. Meglyumin akridonatsetat protiv COVID-19: perspektivy ispol'zovaniya. Infektsionnye Bolezni. 2020; 18 (4): 42–52. (in Russian)Башарина А. К. Понятие «семантическое поле». Вестник СевероВосточного федерального университета им. М. К. Аммосова. 2007; 4 (1): 93–96.Basharina A. K. Ponyatie «semanticheskoe pole». Vestnik Severo-Vostochnogo Federal'nogo Universiteta im. M. K. Ammosova. 2007; 4 (1): 93–96. (in Russian)Смирнов А.А. Применение нечёткой логики при формировании знаний. Инновационная наука. 2016; 3: 184–186.Smirnov A.A. Primenenie nechetkoj logiki pri formirovanii znanij. Innovatsionnaya Nauka. 2016; 3: 184–186. (in Russian)McIntosh K. Coronaviruses: a comparative review. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1974; 63: 85–129.McIntosh K. Coronaviruses: a comparative review. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1974; 63: 85–129.Isaacs A., Lindenmann J. Virus interference. I. The interferon. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1957; 147: 258–267.Isaacs A., Lindenmann J. Virus interference. I. The interferon. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1957; 147: 258–267.Isaacs A., Lindenmann J., Valentine R.C. Virus interference. II. Some properties of interferon. Proc R Soc Lond Biol Sci. 1957; 147 (927): 268–273.Isaacs A., Lindenmann J., Valentine R.C. Virus interference. II. Some properties of interferon. Proc R Soc Lond Biol Sci. 1957; 147 (927): 268–273.Brehm G., Storch E., Kirchner H. Characterization of Interferon Induced in Murine Macrophage Cultures by 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone. Nat Immun Cell Growth Regul. 1986; 5(1): 50–9.Brehm G., Storch E., Kirchner H. Characterization of Interferon Induced in Murine Macrophage Cultures by 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone. Nat Immun Cell Growth Regul. 1986; 5(1): 50–9.Storch E., Kirchner H. Induction of Interferon in Murine Bone MarrowDerived Macrophage Cultures by 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone. Eur J Immunol. 1982 Sept; 12 (9): 793–796. doi:10.1002/eji.1830120918.Storch E., Kirchner H. Induction of Interferon in Murine Bone MarrowDerived Macrophage Cultures by 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone. Eur J Immunol. 1982 Sept; 12 (9): 793–796. doi:10.1002/eji.1830120918.Storch E., Kirchner H., Brehm G., Hüller K. et al. Production of Interferon-Beta by Murine T-cell Lines Induced by 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone. Scand J Immunol. 1986 Feb; 23 (2): 195–199. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb01958.x.Storch E., Kirchner H., Brehm G., Hüller K. et al. Production of Interferon-Beta by Murine T-cell Lines Induced by 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone. Scand J Immunol. 1986 Feb; 23 (2): 195–199. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb01958.x.Storch E., Kirchner H., Hüller K., Martinotti M.G. et al. Enhancement by carprofen or indomethacin of interferon induction by 10-carboxymethyl9-acridanone in murine cell cultures. J Gen Virol. 1986 Jun; 67 ( Pt 6): 1211–1214. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-67-6-1211.Storch E., Kirchner H., Hüller K., Martinotti M.G. et al. Enhancement by carprofen or indomethacin of interferon induction by 10-carboxymethyl9-acridanone in murine cell cultures. J Gen Virol. 1986 Jun; 67 ( Pt 6): 1211–1214. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-67-6-1211.Kramer M. J., Cleeland R., Grunberg E. Antiviral activity of 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1976; 9(2): 233–238. doi:10.1128/AAC.9.2.233.Kramer M. J., Cleeland R., Grunberg E. Antiviral activity of 10-carboxymethyl-9-acridanone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1976; 9(2): 233–238. doi:10.1128/AAC.9.2.233.Inglot A.D., Młochowski J., Szulc Z., Inglot O., Albin M. Induction of interferon in mice by sodium salt of 9-oxo-10-acridineacetic acid: specific enhancement by analogs. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 1985; 33 (2): 275–285.Inglot A.D., Młochowski J., Szulc Z., Inglot O., Albin M. Induction of interferon in mice by sodium salt of 9-oxo-10-acridineacetic acid: specific enhancement by analogs. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 1985; 33 (2): 275–285.Taylor J.L., Schoenherr C., Grossberg S.E. Protection against Japanese encephalitis virus in mice and hamsters by treatment with carboxymethylacridanone, a potent interferon inducer. J Infect Dis. 1980 Sep; 142 (3): 394–399.Taylor J.L., Schoenherr C., Grossberg S.E. Protection against Japanese encephalitis virus in mice and hamsters by treatment with carboxymethylacridanone, a potent interferon inducer. J Infect Dis. 1980 Sep; 142 (3): 394–399.Szulc B., Inglot A.D., Inglot O. Tolerance or hyperreactivity to interferon induction by sodium salt of 9-oxo-10-acridineacetic acid and analogs in mice and in the mouse macrophage cultures. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 1987; 35 (3): 389–395.Szulc B., Inglot A.D., Inglot O. Tolerance or hyperreactivity to interferon induction by sodium salt of 9-oxo-10-acridineacetic acid and analogs in mice and in the mouse macrophage cultures. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 1987; 35 (3): 389–395.Baltimore D. Expression of animal virus genomes. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. American Society for Microbiology, 1971; 35 (3): 235–241.Baltimore D. Expression of animal virus genomes. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. American Society for Microbiology, 1971; 35 (3): 235–241.https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomyhttps://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomyПащенков М.В., Хаитов М.Р. Иммунный ответ против эпидемических коронавирусов. Иммунология. 2020, 41 (1): 5–18.Pashchenkov M.V., Khaitov M.R. Immunnyj otvet protiv epidemicheskikh koronavirusov. Immunologiya. 2020, 41 (1): 5–18. (in Russian)Агаева С. Г. Влияние противовирусной терапии на течение хронического гепатита В у детей. Детские инфекции. 2004; 1: 33–35.Agaeva S. G. Vliyanie protivovirusnoj terapii na techenie khronicheskogo gepatita V u detej. Detskie Infektsii. 2004; 1: 33–35. (in Russian)Ершов Ф.И., Киселев О.И. Интерфероны и их индукторы (от молекул до лекарств). М.: 2005.Ershov F.I., Kiselev O.I. Interferony i ikh induktory (ot molekul do lekarstv). Moscow: 2005. (in Russian)Зарубаев В. В., Сухинин В. П., Слита А. В., Сироткин А. К. Влияние циклоферона на морфогенез и репродукцию вируса простого герпеса 1 типа в культуре клеток vero. Вестник Санкт-Петербургской государственной медицинской академии им. И. М. Мечникова. 2003; 4 (4): 152–156.Zarubaev V. V., Sukhinin V. P., Slita A. V., Sirotkin A. K. Vliyanie tsikloferona na morfogenez i reproduktsiyu virusa prostogo gerpesa 1 tipa v kul'ture kletok vero. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskoj Gosudarstvennoj Meditsinskoj Akademii im. I. M. Mechnikova. 2003; 4 (4): 152–156. (in Russian)Сухинин В. П., Плесков В.М., Зарубаев В.В., Слита А. В. Использование циклоферона в терапии экспериментального герпетического кератита. Антибиотики и химиотер. 2000; 45 (6): 13–16.Sukhinin V. P., Pleskov V.M., Zarubaev V.V., Slita A. V. Ispol'zovanie tsikloferona v terapii eksperimental'nogo gerpeticheskogo keratita. Antibiotiki i Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy. 2000; 45 (6): 13–16. (in Russian)Yuan H., You J., You H., Zheng C. Herpes Simplex Virus 1 UL36USP Antagonizes Type I Interferon-Mediated Antiviral Innate Immunity. J Virol. 2018; 92 (19): e01161–18. doi:10.1128/JVI.01161-18.Yuan H., You J., You H., Zheng C. Herpes Simplex Virus 1 UL36USP Antagonizes Type I Interferon-Mediated Antiviral Innate Immunity. J Virol. 2018; 92 (19): e01161–18. doi:10.1128/JVI.01161-18.Huang J., You H., Su C., Li Y. et al. Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Tegument Protein VP22 Abrogates cGAS/STING-Mediated Antiviral Innate Immunity. J Virol. 2018; 92 (15): e00841-18. doi:10.1128/JVI.00841-18.Huang J., You H., Su C., Li Y. et al. Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Tegument Protein VP22 Abrogates cGAS/STING-Mediated Antiviral Innate Immunity. J Virol. 2018; 92 (15): e00841-18. doi:10.1128/JVI.00841-18.Sato Y., Koshizuka T., Ishibashi K., Hashimoto K. et al. Involvement of herpes simplex virus type 1 UL13 protein kinase in induction of SOCS genes, the negative regulators of cytokine signaling. Microbiol Immunol. 2017; 61 (5): 159–167. doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12483.Sato Y., Koshizuka T., Ishibashi K., Hashimoto K. et al. Involvement of herpes simplex virus type 1 UL13 protein kinase in induction of SOCS genes, the negative regulators of cytokine signaling. Microbiol Immunol. 2017; 61 (5): 159–167. doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12483.Pan S., Liu X., Ma Y., Cao Y. et al. Herpes Simplex Virus 1 γ134.5 Protein Inhibits STING Activation That Restricts Viral Replication. J Virol. 2018; 92 (20): e01015-18. doi:10.1128/JVI.01015-18. Print 2018 Oct 15.Pan S., Liu X., Ma Y., Cao Y. et al. Herpes Simplex Virus 1 γ134.5 Protein Inhibits STING Activation That Restricts Viral Replication. J Virol. 2018; 92 (20): e01015-18. doi:10.1128/JVI.01015-18. Print 2018 Oct 15.Hong Y., Zhou L., Xie H., Zheng S. Innate immune evasion by hepatitis B virus-mediated downregulation of TRIF. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015 Aug 7; 463 (4): 719–725. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.130.Hong Y., Zhou L., Xie H., Zheng S. Innate immune evasion by hepatitis B virus-mediated downregulation of TRIF. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015 Aug 7; 463 (4): 719–725. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.130.Qu L., Lemon S.M. Hepatitis A and hepatitis C viruses: divergent infection outcomes marked by similarities in induction and evasion of interferon responses. Semin Liver Dis. 2010 Nov; 30 (4): 319–332. doi:10.1055/s0030-1267534.Qu L., Lemon S.M. Hepatitis A and hepatitis C viruses: divergent infection outcomes marked by similarities in induction and evasion of interferon responses. Semin Liver Dis. 2010 Nov; 30 (4): 319–332. doi:10.1055/s0030-1267534.Colpitts C.C., Ridewood S., Schneiderman B., Warne J., Tabata K., Ng C.F., Bartenschlager R., Selwood D.L., Towers G.J. Hepatitis C virus exploits cyclophilin A to evade PKR. Elife. 2020 Jun 16; 9: e52237. doi:10.7554/eLife.52237.Colpitts C.C., Ridewood S., Schneiderman B., Warne J., Tabata K., Ng C.F., Bartenschlager R., Selwood D.L., Towers G.J. Hepatitis C virus exploits cyclophilin A to evade PKR. Elife. 2020 Jun 16; 9: e52237. doi:10.7554/eLife.52237.Liu S., Peng N., Xie J., Hao Q. et al. Human hepatitis B virus surface and e antigens inhibit major vault protein signaling in interferon induction pathways. J Hepatol. 2015 May; 62 (5): 1015–1023. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.11.035. Epub 2014 Dec 3.Liu S., Peng N., Xie J., Hao Q. et al. Human hepatitis B virus surface and e antigens inhibit major vault protein signaling in interferon induction pathways. J Hepatol. 2015 May; 62 (5): 1015–1023. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.11.035. Epub 2014 Dec 3.Vincent I.E., Zannetti C., Lucifora J., Norder H. et al. Hepatitis B virus impairs TLR9 expression and function in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. PLoS One. 2011; 6 (10): e26315. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026315. Epub 2011 Oct 25.Vincent I.E., Zannetti C., Lucifora J., Norder H. et al. Hepatitis B virus impairs TLR9 expression and function in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. PLoS One. 2011; 6 (10): e26315. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026315. Epub 2011 Oct 25.Felgenhauer U., Schoen A., Gad H.H., Hartmann R. et al. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by type I and type III interferons. J Biol Chem. 2020 Oct 9; 295 (41): 13958–13964. doi:10.1074/jbc.AC120.013788. Epub 2020 Jun 25.Felgenhauer U., Schoen A., Gad H.H., Hartmann R. et al. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by type I and type III interferons. J Biol Chem. 2020 Oct 9; 295 (41): 13958–13964. doi:10.1074/jbc.AC120.013788. Epub 2020 Jun 25.O'Brien T.R., Thomas D.L., Jackson S.S., Prokunina-Olsson L. et al. Weak Induction of Interferon Expression by SARS-CoV-2 Supports Clinical Trials of Interferon Lambda to Treat Early COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 71 (6): 1410–1412. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa453.O'Brien T.R., Thomas D.L., Jackson S.S., Prokunina-Olsson L. et al. Weak Induction of Interferon Expression by SARS-CoV-2 Supports Clinical Trials of Interferon Lambda to Treat Early COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 71 (6): 1410–1412. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa453.Prokunina-Olsson L., Alphonse N., Dickenson R.E., Durbin J.E. et al. COVID-19 and emerging viral infections: The case for interferon lambda. J Exp Med. 2020 May 4; 217 (5): e20200653. doi:10.1084/jem.20200653.Prokunina-Olsson L., Alphonse N., Dickenson R.E., Durbin J.E. et al. COVID-19 and emerging viral infections: The case for interferon lambda. J Exp Med. 2020 May 4; 217 (5): e20200653. doi:10.1084/jem.20200653.Chung J.H., Hong S.H., Seo N., Kim T.S. et al. Structure-based glycoengineering of interferon lambda 4 enhances its productivity and anti-viral potency. Cytokine. 2020 Jan; 125: 154833. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154833. Epub 2019 Aug 31.Chung J.H., Hong S.H., Seo N., Kim T.S. et al. Structure-based glycoengineering of interferon lambda 4 enhances its productivity and anti-viral potency. Cytokine. 2020 Jan; 125: 154833. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154833. Epub 2019 Aug 31.Feng L., Sheng J., Vu G.P., Liu Y. et al. Human cytomegalovirus UL23 inhibits transcription of interferon-γ stimulated genes and blocks antiviral interferon-γ responses by interacting with human N-myc interactor protein. PLoS Pathog. 2018, 14 (1): e1006867. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006867. eCollection 2018 Jan.Feng L., Sheng J., Vu G.P., Liu Y. et al. Human cytomegalovirus UL23 inhibits transcription of interferon-γ stimulated genes and blocks antiviral interferon-γ responses by interacting with human N-myc interactor protein. PLoS Pathog. 2018, 14 (1): e1006867. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006867. eCollection 2018 Jan.Marques M., Ferreira A.R., Ribeiro D. The Interplay between Human Cytomegalovirus and Pathogen Recognition Receptor Signaling. Viruses. 2018; 10 (10): E 514. doi:10.3390/v10100514.Marques M., Ferreira A.R., Ribeiro D. The Interplay between Human Cytomegalovirus and Pathogen Recognition Receptor Signaling. Viruses. 2018; 10 (10): E 514. doi:10.3390/v10100514.Мезенцев М.В., Агрба В.З., Карал-оглы Д.Д., Агумава А.А. Циклоферон в терапии цитомегаловирусной инфекции обезьян. Экспериментальная и клиническая фармакология. 2012; 75 (12): 37–40.Mezentsev M.V., Agrba V.Z., Karal-ogly D.D., Agumava A.A. Tsikloferon v terapii tsitomegalovirusnoj infektsii obez'yan. Eksperimental'naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya. 2012; 75 (12): 37–40. (in Russian)de Weerd N.A., Nguyen T. The interferons and their receptors—distribution and regulation. Immunology and Cell Biology. 2012; 90 (5): 483–491. doi:10.1038/icb.2012.9. Epub 2012 Mar 13.de Weerd N.A., Nguyen T. The interferons and their receptors—distribution and regulation. Immunology and Cell Biology. 2012; 90 (5): 483–491. doi:10.1038/icb.2012.9. Epub 2012 Mar 13.Иоанниди Е. А., Чернявская О.А., Божко В.Г. Опыт применения циклоферона в лечении лихорадки Западного Нила. Волгоградский научно-медицинский журнал. 2013; 4: 38–42.Ioannidi E. A., Chernyavskaya O.A., Bozhko V.G. Opyt primeneniya tsikloferona v lechenii likhoradki Zapadnogo Nila. Volgogradskij Nauchno-Meditsinskij Zhurnal. 2013; 4: 38–42. (in Russian)Временные методические рекомендации. Профилактика, диагностика и лечение новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Версия 7 (03.06.2020). Министерство здравоохранения РФ, 2020; 166.Vremennye metodicheskie rekomendatsii. Profilaktika, diagnostika i lechenie novoj koronavirusnoj infektsii (COVID-19). Versiya 7 (03.06.2020). Ministerstvo zdravookhraneniya RF, 2020; 166.Временные методические рекомендации. Профилактика, диагностика и лечение новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Версия 13 (14.10.2021). Министерство здравоохранения РФ. 2021; 237.Vremennye metodicheskie rekomendatsii. Profilaktika, diagnostika i lechenie novoj koronavirusnoj infektsii (COVID-19). Versiya 13 (14.10.2021). Ministerstvo Zdravookhraneniya RF. 2021; 237. (in Russian)Plotnikova M.A., Klotchenko S.A., Kiselev A.A., Gorshkov A.N. et al. Meglumine acridone acetate, the ionic salt of CMA and N-methylglucamine, induces apoptosis in human PBMCs via the mitochondrial pathway. Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 3; 9 (1): 18240. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54208-9.Plotnikova M.A., Klotchenko S.A., Kiselev A.A., Gorshkov A.N. et al. Meglumine acridone acetate, the ionic salt of CMA and N-methylglucamine, induces apoptosis in human PBMCs via the mitochondrial pathway. Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 3; 9 (1): 18240. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54208-9.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.