antibioticsАнтибиотики и ХимиотерапияAntibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy0235-2990ООО «Издательство ОКИ»10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-7-8-71-81antibiotics-951Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSРоль молекул MHC I и II в антибактериальном иммунитете и лечении бактериальных инфекцийThe Role of MHC Class I and Class II Molecules in Antibacterial Immunity and Treatment of Bacterial Diseaseshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2192-7302ПЕТРОВАН. В.PetrovaN. V.

Петрова Наталия Владимировна — научный сотрудник лаборатории физиологически активных веществ ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт общей патологии и патофизиологии»; старший научный сотрудник, ООО «НПФ «МАТЕРИА МЕДИКА ХОЛДИНГ»

125315, г. Москва, Балтийская ул., 8

Nataliya V. Petrova — Researcher at the Laboratory of Physiologically Active Substances, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology; senior research associate, Research and Production Company Materia Medica Holding LLC

Moscow

nataliyaapetrova89@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0832-9551ЕМЕЛЬЯНОВАА. Г.EmelyanovaA. G.

Емельянова Александра Геннадиевна — научный сотрудник лаборатории физиологически активных веществ ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт общей патологии и патофизиологии»; старший научный сотрудник ООО «НПФ «МАТЕРИА МЕДИКА ХОЛДИНГ»

Москва

Alexandra G. Emelyanova — Researcher at the Laboratory of Physiologically Active Substances, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology; senior research associate, Research and Production Company Materia Medica Holding LLC

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2761-0442КОВАЛЬЧУКА. Л.KovalchukA. L.

Ковальчук Александр Леонидович — к. м. н., старший научный сотрудник

Москва

Alexander L. Kovalchuk — Ph. D. in medicine, Research and Production Company Materia Medica Holding LLC

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-6958ТАРАСОВС. А.TarasovS. A.

Тарасов Сергей Александрович — к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории физиологически активных веществ, ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт общей патологии и патофизиологии»; директор департамента научных исследований и разработок, ООО «НПФ «МАТЕРИА МЕДИКА ХОЛДИНГ»

Москва

Sergey A. Tarasov — Ph. D. in medicine, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology; Research and Production Company Materia Medica Holding LLC

Moscow

Научно-исследовательский институт общей патологии и патофизиологии; ООО «НПФ «МАТЕРИА МЕДИКА ХОЛДИНГ»РоссияInstitute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology; Research and Production Company Materia Medica Holding LLCRussian FederationООО «НПФ «МАТЕРИА МЕДИКА ХОЛДИНГ»РоссияResearch and Production Company Materia Medica Holding LLCRussian Federation202218112022677-87181Copyright © ПЕТРОВА Н.В., ЕМЕЛЬЯНОВА А.Г., КОВАЛЬЧУК А.Л., ТАРАСОВ С.А., 20222022ПЕТРОВА Н.В., ЕМЕЛЬЯНОВА А.Г., КОВАЛЬЧУК А.Л., ТАРАСОВ С.А.Petrova N.V., Emelyanova A.G., Kovalchuk A.L., Tarasov S.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/951

Некоторые бактериальные заболевания при прерывании курса терапии или неправильно подобранной схеме лечения могут приобретать хроническое течение. В таких случаях пациент становится носителем популяции устойчивых микроорганизмов, борьба с которыми весьма затруднительна. Это подталкивает научное сообщество к поиску более эффективных лекарственных средств. Тем не менее, процесс идёт по кругу с развитием антибиотикорезистентности к новым лекарственным препаратам. В связи с этим, необходимы новые подходы к созданию препаратов, механизм действия которых будет направлен не столько на патоген, сколько на защитные функции организма хозяина. Цель обзора — обобщение данных литературы относительно роли иммунной системы хозяина в процессе элиминации бактериального агента. В работе рассмотрены основные мишени антибактериальной терапии, описаны строение и работа белков главного комплекса гистосовместимости, приведены примеры исследований с использованием молекул-кандидатов, механизм действия которых направлен на усиление иммунного ответа хозяина. В статье представлена информация о механизмах влияния бактерий на экспрессию и презентацию антигенов белками MHC класса I и MHC класса II, рассматривается возможность воздействия на эти молекулы альтернативного подхода в терапии бактериальных инфекций. Мы полагаем, что белки главного комплекса гистосовместимости являются уникальной мишенью при лечении бактериальных инфекций с реализацией эффекта за счёт активации врождённого и адаптивного иммунного ответа хозяина. Описанный подход может послужить основой для создания нового класса препаратов, которые в дальнейшем могут быть использованы совместно с уже существующей антибактериальной терапией. 

Some bacterial infections may become persistent and lead to chronic conditions when treatment was stopped prior to desired efficacy being achieved or when the treatment regimen was not optimized from the start. In such cases, the patient becomes a carrier of a population of resistant microorganisms, which are very hard to fight against. This prompts the scientific community to search for novel, more effective medicines. Untimely, the development of antibiotic resistance to new drugs spurs a vicious cycle. New approaches are needed to develop medications with greater efficacy, with their mechanism(s) of action directed not at the pathogen per se, but rather at the protective functions of the host organism. The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature on the role of the host immune system in elimination of bacterial pathogens. The paper discusses the main targets of antibacterial therapy, describes the structure and function of proteins of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and provides examples of studies using candidate molecules with mechanisms of action aimed at enhancing the host immune response. The article discusses mechanisms of bacterial influence on the expression of MHC class I and class II molecules and antigen presentation, as well as options to consider when targeting these molecules as an alternative approach in the treatment of bacterial infections. The authors suggest that MHC molecules are unique targets in the treatment of bacterial infections through the activation of the innate and the adaptive immune response of the host. This approach can serve as a platform for development of a new class of drugs that can be used in addition to the conventional antibacterial therapy.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.