<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">antibiotics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Антибиотики и Химиотерапия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0235-2990</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ООО «Издательство ОКИ»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-9-10-69-78</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">antibiotics-970</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современное состояние проблемы капсульного типирования Streptococcus pneumoniae</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current State of the Streptococcus pneumoniae Capsular Typing Problem</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3416-0902</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захарова Юлия Александровна</p><p>ул. Летняя, д. 23, г. Екатеринбург, 620030</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya. A. Zakharova </p><p>23 Letnyaya st., Yekaterinburg, 620030 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zakharova_ya@eniivi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акимкин</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimkin</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акимкин Василий Геннадьевич   </p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasiliy G. Akimkin </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-9496</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никитина Екатерина Валерьевна  </p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Nikitina </p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3584-9528</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иващенко</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashchenko</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иващенко Иван Александрович </p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan A. Ivashchenko </p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6140-2546</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болгарова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolgarova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Болгарова Екатерина Викторовна </p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Bolgarova </p><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9171-2286</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александрова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksandrova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александрова Екатерина Вячеславовна —</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Aleksandrova </p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрипковская</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skripkovskaya</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Скрипковская Светлана Михайловна</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana M. Skripkovskaya  </p><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Екатеринбургский научно-исследовательский институт вирусных инфекций ФБУН ГНЦ ВБ «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Research Institute of Viral Infections «Vector» of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Institute for Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней» ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Children’s Scientific Clinical Center of Infectious Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВПО Санкт-Петербургский национальный исследовательский университет информационных технологий, механики и оптики</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>9-10</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захарова Ю.А., Акимкин В.Г., Никитина Е.В., Иващенко И.А., Болгарова Е.В., Александрова Е.В., Скрипковская С.М., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захарова Ю.А., Акимкин В.Г., Никитина Е.В., Иващенко И.А., Болгарова Е.В., Александрова Е.В., Скрипковская С.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharova Y.A., Akimkin V.G., Nikitina E.V., Ivashchenko I.A., Bolgarova E.V., Aleksandrova E.V., Skripkovskaya S.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/970">https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/970</self-uri><abstract><p>Болезни, вызываемые Streptococcus pneumoniae, для систем здравоохранения всех ведущих стран мира являются серьёзной медико-социальной проблемой. В связи с этим возрастает актуальность их лабораторной диагностики, от этого зависит эффективность лечебных, профилактических и противоэпидемических мероприятий. В настоящее время отсутствует универсальный способ внутривидовой идентификации S.pneumoniae, обладающий одновременно высокой специфичностью, чувствительностью и воспроизводимостью. В этой связи разрабатываются новые стратегии, направленные на повышение качества исследований. В обзоре представлены данные отечественных и зарубежных научных публикаций (поисковые электронные базы eLibrary.ru, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Springerlink) о проведении серотипирования и генотипирования S.pneumoniae, проанализированы их преимущества и недостатки. Выявлены эпидемически значимые серотипы и распространённые клональные комплексы S.pneumoniae, циркулирующие на территории Российской Федерации. Признана необходимость совершенствования новых методов внутривидового типирования возбудителя.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are a serious medical and social problem for healthcare systems of all leading countries around the globe. In this regard, the relevance of their laboratory diagnostics increases, as the effectiveness of therapeutic, preventive, and anti-epidemic measures depends on it. Currently, there is no universal method of intraspecific identification of S.pneumoniae, which simultaneously possess high specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. For this purpose, new alternative strategies aimed at improving the quality of research are being developed. The review presents data from domestic and foreign publications (electronic search databases eLibrary.Ru, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Springerlink) on serotyping and genotyping of S.pneumoniae; the advantages and disadvantages of the methods are analyzed. Epidemiologically significant serotypes and widespread clonal complexes of S.pneumoniae circulating on the territory of the Russian Federation have been identified. The necessity of improving new methods of intraspecific typing of the pathogen is recognized.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Streptococcus pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>серотипы</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd><kwd>мультилокусное секвенирование-типирование</kwd><kwd>внутривидовая идентификация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Streptococcus pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>serotypes</kwd><kwd>multilocus sequence typing</kwd><kwd>identification</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование поддержано грантом Российского научного фонда № 22-25-20129.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD 2016 Lower Respiratory Infections Collaborator. Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and etiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018; 18: 1191–1210. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30310-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GBD 2016 Lower Respiratory Infections Collaborator. Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and etiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018; 18: 1191–1210. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30310-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Голоднова С.О., Фельдблюм И.В., Семериков В.В., Николенко В.В., Захарова Ю.А. Распространённость носительства Streptococcus pneumoniae среди медицинских работников и оценка эффективности вакцинопрофилактики. Эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика. 2014; 1 (74): 50–54. [Golodnova S.O., Feldblium I.V., Semerikov V.V., Nikolenko V.V., Zakharova Yu.A. The Prevalence of Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among Medical Specialists and Evaluation of their Vaccination. Jepidemiologija i Vakcinoprofilaktika. 2014; 1 (74): 50–54. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Голоднова С.О., Фельдблюм И.В., Семериков В.В., Николенко В.В., Захарова Ю.А. Распространённость носительства Streptococcus pneumoniae среди медицинских работников и оценка эффективности вакцинопрофилактики. Эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика. 2014; 1 (74): 50–54. [Golodnova S.O., Feldblium I.V., Semerikov V.V., Nikolenko V.V., Zakharova Yu.A. The Prevalence of Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among Medical Specialists and Evaluation of their Vaccination. Jepidemiologija i Vakcinoprofilaktika. 2014; 1 (74): 50–54. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Таточенко В.К. Пневмококковая инфекция: современный взгляд на проблему и профилактику. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2007; 6 (1): 85–90. [Tatochenko V.K. Pneumococcal infection: modern view on the issue and prevention. Current Pediatrics. 2007; 6 (1): 85–90. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Таточенко В.К. Пневмококковая инфекция: современный взгляд на проблему и профилактику. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2007; 6 (1): 85–90. [Tatochenko V.K. Pneumococcal infection: modern view on the issue and prevention. Current Pediatrics. 2007; 6 (1): 85–90. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брико Н.И., Цапкова Н.Н., Батыршина Л.Р., Коршунов В.А., Фельдблюм И.В., Бикмиева А.В., Субботина К.А., Филиппов О.В. Проблемы вакцинопрофилактики взрослого населения. Эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика. 2018; 17 (2): 4–15. https://doi.org/10.24411-2073-3046-2018-10001. [Briko N.I., Tsapkova N.N., Batyrshina L.R., Korshunov V.A., Feldblyum I.V., Bikmieva A.V. et al. Problems of vaccinal prevention in adult population. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2018; 17 (2): 4–15. https://doi.org/10.24411-2073-3046-2018-10001. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Брико Н.И., Цапкова Н.Н., Батыршина Л.Р., Коршунов В.А., Фельдблюм И.В., Бикмиева А.В., Субботина К.А., Филиппов О.В. Проблемы вакцинопрофилактики взрослого населения. Эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика. 2018; 17 (2): 4–15. https://doi.org/10.24411-2073-3046-2018-10001. [Briko N.I., Tsapkova N.N., Batyrshina L.R., Korshunov V.A., Feldblyum I.V., Bikmieva A.V. et al. Problems of vaccinal prevention in adult population. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2018; 17 (2): 4–15. https://doi.org/10.24411-2073-3046-2018-10001. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adegbola R.A., DeAntonio R., Hill P.C., Roca A., Usuf E., Hoet B. et al. (2014) Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Other Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens in Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE. 2014; 9 (8): e103293. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103293.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adegbola R.A., DeAntonio R., Hill P.C., Roca A., Usuf E., Hoet B. et al. (2014) Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Other Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens in Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE. 2014; 9 (8): e103293. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103293.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранов А., Намазова Л., Таточенко В. Пневмококковая инфекция и связанные с ней заболевания — серьезная проблема современного здравоохранения. Педиатрическая фармакология. 2008; 5 (1): 7–12. [Baranov A., Namazova L., Tatochenko V. Pneumococcal infection and associated diseases — a serious problem of modern health care. Pediatric Pharmacology. 2008; 5 (1): 7–12. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Баранов А., Намазова Л., Таточенко В. Пневмококковая инфекция и связанные с ней заболевания — серьезная проблема современного здравоохранения. Педиатрическая фармакология. 2008; 5 (1): 7–12. [Baranov A., Namazova L., Tatochenko V. Pneumococcal infection and associated diseases — a serious problem of modern health care. Pediatric Pharmacology. 2008; 5 (1): 7–12. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pimenta F., Moiane B., Gertz R.E., Chochua S., Snippes Vagnone P.M., Lynfield R. et al. New pneumococcal serotype 15D. J Clin Microbiol. 2021; 59: e00329-21. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00329-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pimenta F., Moiane B., Gertz R.E., Chochua S., Snippes Vagnone P.M., Lynfield R. et al. New pneumococcal serotype 15D. J Clin Microbiol. 2021; 59: e00329-21. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00329-21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ganaie F., Saad J.S., McGee L., van Tonder A.J., Bentley S.D., Lo S.W. et al. A new pneumococcal capsule type, 10D, is the 100th serotype and has a large cps fragment from an oral streptococcus. mBio. 2020; 11: e00937–20. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00937-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ganaie F., Saad J.S., McGee L., van Tonder A.J., Bentley S.D., Lo S.W. et al. A new pneumococcal capsule type, 10D, is the 100th serotype and has a large cps fragment from an oral streptococcus. mBio. 2020; 11: e00937–20. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00937-20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Centres for desease Control and prevention. Pneumococcal disease. For Laboratorians. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/laboratorians.html Accessed June 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Centres for desease Control and prevention. Pneumococcal disease. For Laboratorians. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/laboratorians.html Accessed June 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маянский Н.А., Алябьева Н.М., Лазарева А.В., Катосова Л.К. Серотиповое разнообразие и резистентность пневмококков. Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук. 2014; 7–8: 38–45. [Mayanskiy N.A., Alyabieva N.M., Lazareva A.V., Katosova L.K. Serotype Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk. 2014; 7–8: 38–45. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Маянский Н.А., Алябьева Н.М., Лазарева А.В., Катосова Л.К. Серотиповое разнообразие и резистентность пневмококков. Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук. 2014; 7–8: 38–45. [Mayanskiy N.A., Alyabieva N.M., Lazareva A.V., Katosova L.K. Serotype Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk. 2014; 7–8: 38–45. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reinert R.R., Paradiso P., Fritzell B. Advances in pneumococcal vaccines: The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine received market authorization in Europe. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2010; 9: 229– 36. doi: 10.1586/ERV.10.6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reinert R.R., Paradiso P., Fritzell B. Advances in pneumococcal vaccines: The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine received market authorization in Europe. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2010; 9: 229– 36. doi: 10.1586/ERV.10.6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geno K.A., Gilbert G.L., Song J.Y., Skovsted I.C., Klugman K.P., Jones C., Konradsen H.B., Nahm M.H. 17 June 2015. Pneumococcal capsules and their types: past, present, and future. Clin Microbiol Rev. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00024-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geno K.A., Gilbert G.L., Song J.Y., Skovsted I.C., Klugman K.P., Jones C., Konradsen H.B., Nahm M.H. 17 June 2015. Pneumococcal capsules and their types: past, present, and future. Clin Microbiol Rev. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00024-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vammen B. Serological variants of pneumococcus types 9 and 10. J Immunol. 1939; 37: 359–365.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vammen B. Serological variants of pneumococcus types 9 and 10. J Immunol. 1939; 37: 359–365.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sørensen U.B. Typing of pneumococci by using 12 pooled antisera. J Clin Microbiol. 1993 Aug; 31 (8): 2097–100. doi: 10.1128/jcm.31.8.2097-2100.1993. PMID: 8370735; PMCID: PMC265703.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sørensen U.B. Typing of pneumococci by using 12 pooled antisera. J Clin Microbiol. 1993 Aug; 31 (8): 2097–100. doi: 10.1128/jcm.31.8.2097-2100.1993. PMID: 8370735; PMCID: PMC265703.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lafong A.C., Crothers E. Simple latex agglutination method for typing pneumococci. J Clin Pathol. 1988; 41: 230–231. doi: 10 .1136/jcp.41.2.230.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lafong A.C., Crothers E. Simple latex agglutination method for typing pneumococci. J Clin Pathol. 1988; 41: 230–231. doi: 10 .1136/jcp.41.2.230.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skovsted I.C. Textbook in diagnosis, serotyping, virulence factors and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for measuring pneumococcal antibodies. In: typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. 4th Ed. SSI Diagnostica A/S. 2017; 47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skovsted I.C. Textbook in diagnosis, serotyping, virulence factors and Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for measuring pneumococcal antibodies. In: typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. 4th Ed. SSI Diagnostica A/S. 2017; 47.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konradsen H.B. Validation of serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Europe. Vaccine. 2005; 23: 1368–1373. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.09.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konradsen H.B. Validation of serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Europe. Vaccine. 2005; 23: 1368–1373. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.09.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Porter B.D., Ortika B.D., Satzke C. Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae by Latex Agglutination. J Vis Exp. 2014; 91: e51747. doi: 10.3791/51747.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porter B.D., Ortika B.D., Satzke C. Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae by Latex Agglutination. J Vis Exp. 2014; 91: e51747. doi: 10.3791/51747.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mudany M.A., Kikuchi K., Totsuka K., Uchiyama T. Evaluation of a new serotyping kit for Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Med Microbiol. 2003; 52 (11): 975–980. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.05306-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mudany M.A., Kikuchi K., Totsuka K., Uchiyama T. Evaluation of a new serotyping kit for Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Med Microbiol. 2003; 52 (11): 975–980. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.05306-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singhal A., Lalitha M.K., John T.J., Thomas K., Raghupathy P., Jacob S., Steinhoff M.C. Modified latex agglutination test for rapid detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in cerebrospinal fluid and direct serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1996 Jun; 15 (6): 472–477. doi: 10.1007/BF01691314. PMID: 8839641.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singhal A., Lalitha M.K., John T.J., Thomas K., Raghupathy P., Jacob S., Steinhoff M.C. Modified latex agglutination test for rapid detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in cerebrospinal fluid and direct serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1996 Jun; 15 (6): 472–477. doi: 10.1007/BF01691314. PMID: 8839641.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanz J.C., Culebras E., Ríos E., Rodríguez-Avial I., Wilhelmi I., Ramos B., Ordobás M., Picazo J.J. Direct serogrouping of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in clinical samples by use of a latex agglutination test. J Clin Microbiol. 2010 Feb; 48 (2): 593–595. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01651-09. Epub 2009 Dec 9. PMID: 20007395; PMCID: PMC2815603.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanz J.C., Culebras E., Ríos E., Rodríguez-Avial I., Wilhelmi I., Ramos B., Ordobás M., Picazo J.J. Direct serogrouping of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in clinical samples by use of a latex agglutination test. J Clin Microbiol. 2010 Feb; 48 (2): 593–595. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01651-09. Epub 2009 Dec 9. PMID: 20007395; PMCID: PMC2815603.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sheppard C.L., Harrison T.G., Smith M.D., George R.C. Development of a sensitive, multiplexed immunoassay using xMAP beads for detection of serotype-specific Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in urine samples. J Med Microbiol. 2011 Jan; 60 (Pt 1): 49–55. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.023150-0. Epub 2010 Sep 23. PMID: 20864547.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheppard C.L., Harrison T.G., Smith M.D., George R.C. Development of a sensitive, multiplexed immunoassay using xMAP beads for detection of serotype-specific Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in urine samples. J Med Microbiol. 2011 Jan; 60 (Pt 1): 49–55. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.023150-0. Epub 2010 Sep 23. PMID: 20864547.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalina W.V., Souza V., Wu K. et al. Qualification and clinical validation of an immunodiagnostic assay for detecting 11 additional Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype-specific polysaccharides in human urine. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 71: e430–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalina W.V., Souza V., Wu K. et al. Qualification and clinical validation of an immunodiagnostic assay for detecting 11 additional Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype-specific polysaccharides in human urine. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 71: e430–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Isturiz R., Grant L., Gray S., Alexander-Parrish R., Jiang Q., Jodar L., Peyrani P., Ford K.D., Pride M.W., Self W.H., Counselman F., Volturo G., Ostrosky-Zeichner L., Wunderink R.G., Sherwin R., Overcash J.S., File T., Ramirez J. Expanded analysis of 20 pneumococcal serotypes associated with radiographically confirmed community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized US adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 5; 73 (7): 1216–1222. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab375. PMID: 33982098; PMCID: PMC8492118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isturiz R., Grant L., Gray S., Alexander-Parrish R., Jiang Q., Jodar L., Peyrani P., Ford K.D., Pride M.W., Self W.H., Counselman F., Volturo G., Ostrosky-Zeichner L., Wunderink R.G., Sherwin R., Overcash J.S., File T., Ramirez J. Expanded analysis of 20 pneumococcal serotypes associated with radiographically confirmed community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized US adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 5; 73 (7): 1216–1222. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab375. PMID: 33982098; PMCID: PMC8492118.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Torres A., Menéndez R., España P.P., Fernández-Villar J.A., Marimón J.M., Cilloniz C., Méndez R., Egurrola M., Botana-Rial M., Ercibengoa M., Méndez C., Cifuentes I., Gessner B.D.; CAPA Study Group. The evolution and distribution of pneumococcal serotypes in adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia in Spain using a serotype-specific urinary antigen detection test: the CAPA study, 2011–2018. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Sep 15; 73 (6): 1075–1085. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab307. PMID: 33851220; PMCID: PMC8442776.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Torres A., Menéndez R., España P.P., Fernández-Villar J.A., Marimón J.M., Cilloniz C., Méndez R., Egurrola M., Botana-Rial M., Ercibengoa M., Méndez C., Cifuentes I., Gessner B.D.; CAPA Study Group. The evolution and distribution of pneumococcal serotypes in adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia in Spain using a serotype-specific urinary antigen detection test: the CAPA study, 2011–2018. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Sep 15; 73 (6): 1075–1085. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab307. PMID: 33851220; PMCID: PMC8442776.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bentley S.D., Aanensen D.M., Mavroidi A., Saunders D., Rabbinowitsch E. Collins M. et al. Genetic analysis of the capsular biosynthetic locus from all 90 pneumococcal serotypes. PLoS Genet. 2006; 2 (3): e31. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020031.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bentley S.D., Aanensen D.M., Mavroidi A., Saunders D., Rabbinowitsch E. Collins M. et al. Genetic analysis of the capsular biosynthetic locus from all 90 pneumococcal serotypes. PLoS Genet. 2006; 2 (3): e31. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020031.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pimenta F.C., Roundtree A., Soysal A. Bakir M., du Plessis M., Wolter N. et al. Sequential triplex real-time PCR assay for detecting 21 pneumococcal capsular serotypes that account for a high global disease burden. J Clin Microbiol. 2013; 51 (2): 647–652.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pimenta F.C., Roundtree A., Soysal A. Bakir M., du Plessis M., Wolter N. et al. Sequential triplex real-time PCR assay for detecting 21 pneumococcal capsular serotypes that account for a high global disease burden. J Clin Microbiol. 2013; 51 (2): 647–652.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pai R., Gertz R.E., Beall B. Sequential multiplex PCR approach for determining capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 2006; 44 (1): 124–131. doi: 10.1128/JCM.44.1.124-131.2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pai R., Gertz R.E., Beall B. Sequential multiplex PCR approach for determining capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 2006; 44 (1): 124–131. doi: 10.1128/JCM.44.1.124-131.2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Centres for desease Control and prevention. Pneumococcal disease. Resources and Protocols. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/streplab/pneumococcus/resources.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fstreplab%2Fprotocols.html Accessed June 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Centres for desease Control and prevention. Pneumococcal disease. Resources and Protocols. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/streplab/pneumococcus/resources.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fstreplab%2Fprotocols.html Accessed June 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carvalho M. da G., Tondella M.L., McCaustland K., Weidlich L., McGee L., Mayer L.W., Steigerwalt A., Whaley M., Facklam R.R., Fields B., Carlone G., Ades E.W., Dagan R., Sampson J.S. Evaluation and improvement of real-time PCR assays targeting lytA, ply, and psaA genes for detection of pneumococcal DNA. J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Aug; 45 (8): 2460–2466. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02498-06. Epub 2007 May 30. PMID: 17537936; PMCID: PMC1951257.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carvalho M. da G., Tondella M.L., McCaustland K., Weidlich L., McGee L., Mayer L.W., Steigerwalt A., Whaley M., Facklam R.R., Fields B., Carlone G., Ades E.W., Dagan R., Sampson J.S. Evaluation and improvement of real-time PCR assays targeting lytA, ply, and psaA genes for detection of pneumococcal DNA. J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Aug; 45 (8): 2460–2466. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02498-06. Epub 2007 May 30. PMID: 17537936; PMCID: PMC1951257.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blaschke A.J. Interpreting assays for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis. 2011 May; 52 Suppl 4 (Suppl 4): S331–7. doi: 10.1093/cid/cir048. PMID: 21460292; PMCID: PMC3069982.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blaschke A.J. Interpreting assays for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis. 2011 May; 52 Suppl 4 (Suppl 4): S331–7. doi: 10.1093/cid/cir048. PMID: 21460292; PMCID: PMC3069982.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park H.K., Lee H.J., Kim W. Real-time PCR assays for the detection and quantification of Streptococcus pneumoniae. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2010 Sep 1; 310 (1): 48–53. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02044.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park H.K., Lee H.J., Kim W. Real-time PCR assays for the detection and quantification of Streptococcus pneumoniae. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2010 Sep 1; 310 (1): 48–53. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02044.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadowy E., Hryniewicz W. Identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other Mitis streptococci: importance of molecular methods. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020 Dec; 39 (12): 2247–2256. doi: 10.1007/s10096-020-03991-9. Epub 2020 Jul 24. PMID: 32710352; PMCID: PMC7669753.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadowy E., Hryniewicz W. Identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other Mitis streptococci: importance of molecular methods. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020 Dec; 39 (12): 2247–2256. doi: 10.1007/s10096-020-03991-9. Epub 2020 Jul 24. PMID: 32710352; PMCID: PMC7669753.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lang A.L.S., McNeil S.A., Hatchette T.F., Elsherif M., Martin I., LeBlanc J.J. Detection and prediction of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes directly from nasopharyngeal swabs using PCR. J Med Microbiol. 2015 Aug; 64 (8): 836–844. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.000097. Epub 2015 Jun 11. PMID: 26066632.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lang A.L.S., McNeil S.A., Hatchette T.F., Elsherif M., Martin I., LeBlanc J.J. Detection and prediction of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes directly from nasopharyngeal swabs using PCR. J Med Microbiol. 2015 Aug; 64 (8): 836–844. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.000097. Epub 2015 Jun 11. PMID: 26066632.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tavares D.A., Handem S., Carvalho R.J., Paulo A.C., de Lencastre H., Hinds J., Sá-Leão R. Identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae by a real-time PCR assay targeting SP2020. Sci Rep. 2019 Mar 1; 9 (1): 3285. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39791-1. PMID: 30824850; PMCID: PMC6397248.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tavares D.A., Handem S., Carvalho R.J., Paulo A.C., de Lencastre H., Hinds J., Sá-Leão R. Identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae by a real-time PCR assay targeting SP2020. Sci Rep. 2019 Mar 1; 9 (1): 3285. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39791-1. PMID: 30824850; PMCID: PMC6397248.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kukla R., Bolehovska R., Radocha J., Pliskova L., Zak P., Vrbacky F., Nekvindova J., Zemlickova H. Improved laboratory diagnostics of Streptococcus pneumoniae in respiratory tract samples through qPCR. New Microbiol. 2020 Apr; 43 (2): 70–77. Epub 2020 Apr 19. PMID: 32310299.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kukla R., Bolehovska R., Radocha J., Pliskova L., Zak P., Vrbacky F., Nekvindova J., Zemlickova H. Improved laboratory diagnostics of Streptococcus pneumoniae in respiratory tract samples through qPCR. New Microbiol. 2020 Apr; 43 (2): 70–77. Epub 2020 Apr 19. PMID: 32310299.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ricketson L.J., Lidder R., Thorington R., Martin I., Vanderkooi O.G., Sadarangani M., Kellner J.D. PCR and culture analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage in healthy children. Microorganisms. 2021; 9: 2116. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9102116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ricketson L.J., Lidder R., Thorington R., Martin I., Vanderkooi O.G., Sadarangani M., Kellner J.D. PCR and culture analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage in healthy children. Microorganisms. 2021; 9: 2116. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9102116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Velusamy S., Tran T., Mongkolrattanothai T., Walker H., McGee L., Beall B. Expanded sequential quadriplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identifying pneumococcal serotypes, penicillin susceptibility, and resistance markers. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020; 97. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115037.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Velusamy S., Tran T., Mongkolrattanothai T., Walker H., McGee L., Beall B. Expanded sequential quadriplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identifying pneumococcal serotypes, penicillin susceptibility, and resistance markers. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020; 97. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115037.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carvalho M., Pimenta F.C., Moura I., Roundtree A., Gertz R.E., Li Z. et al. Non-pneumococcal mitis-group streptococci confound detection of pneumococcal capsular serotype-specific loci in upper respiratory tract. PeerJ. 2013; 1: e97. doi: 10.7717/peerj.97.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carvalho M., Pimenta F.C., Moura I., Roundtree A., Gertz R.E., Li Z. et al. Non-pneumococcal mitis-group streptococci confound detection of pneumococcal capsular serotype-specific loci in upper respiratory tract. PeerJ. 2013; 1: e97. doi: 10.7717/peerj.97.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antonio M., Hakeem I., Sankareh K., Cheung Y.B., Adegbola R.A. Evaluation of sequential multiplex PCR for direct detection of multiple serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae from nasopharyngeal secretions. J Med Microbio. 2009; 58: 296–302. doi: 0.1099/jmm.0.006031-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antonio M., Hakeem I., Sankareh K., Cheung Y.B., Adegbola R.A. Evaluation of sequential multiplex PCR for direct detection of multiple serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae from nasopharyngeal secretions. J Med Microbio. 2009; 58: 296–302. doi: 0.1099/jmm.0.006031-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никитина Е. В., Цветкова И. А., Калиногорская О. С., Гостев В.В., Беланов С. С., Мохов А. С. и соавт. Серотиповый состав Streptococcus pneumoniae, циркулирующих у детей с респираторными инфекциями, оптимизация молекулярных методов оценки. Антибиотики и химиотер. 2021; 66: 11–12: 18– 24. https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2021-66-11-12-18-24. [Nikitina E.V., Tsvetkova I.A., Kalinogorskaya O.S., Gostev V.V., Belanov S.S., Mokhov A.S. et al. Serotype composition of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children with respiratory infections, optimization of molecular assessment methods. Antibiot i Khimioter. 2021; 66 (11–12): 18–24. doi: /10.37489/0235-2990-2021-66-11-12-18-24. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Никитина Е. В., Цветкова И. А., Калиногорская О. С., Гостев В.В., Беланов С. С., Мохов А. С. и соавт. Серотиповый состав Streptococcus pneumoniae, циркулирующих у детей с респираторными инфекциями, оптимизация молекулярных методов оценки. Антибиотики и химиотер. 2021; 66: 11–12: 18– 24. https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2021-66-11-12-18-24. [Nikitina E.V., Tsvetkova I.A., Kalinogorskaya O.S., Gostev V.V., Belanov S.S., Mokhov A.S. et al. Serotype composition of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children with respiratory infections, optimization of molecular assessment methods. Antibiot i Khimioter. 2021; 66 (11–12): 18–24. doi: /10.37489/0235-2990-2021-66-11-12-18-24. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leung M.H., Bryson K., Freystatter K., Pichon B., Edwards G., Charalambous B.M. et al. Sequetyping: serotyping Streptococcus pneumoniae by a single PCR sequencing strategy. J Clin Microbiol. 2012; 50: 2419–2427.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leung M.H., Bryson K., Freystatter K., Pichon B., Edwards G., Charalambous B.M. et al. Sequetyping: serotyping Streptococcus pneumoniae by a single PCR sequencing strategy. J Clin Microbiol. 2012; 50: 2419–2427.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nagaraj G., Feroze G., Vandana G., Lingegowda R. Development of PCRSeqTyping — a novel molecular assay for typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pneumonia. 2017; 9 (8). doi: 10.1186/s41479-017-0032-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nagaraj G., Feroze G., Vandana G., Lingegowda R. Development of PCRSeqTyping — a novel molecular assay for typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pneumonia. 2017; 9 (8). doi: 10.1186/s41479-017-0032-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Enright M.C., Spratt B.G. A multilocus sequence typing scheme for Streptococcus pneumoniae: identification of clones associated with serious invasive disease. Microbiology. 1998; 144: 3049–3060.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Enright M.C., Spratt B.G. A multilocus sequence typing scheme for Streptococcus pneumoniae: identification of clones associated with serious invasive disease. Microbiology. 1998; 144: 3049–3060.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elberse K.E.M., Nunes S., Sá-Leão R., van der Heide H.G.J., Schouls L.M. Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis for Streptococcus pneumoniae: Comparison with PFGE and MLST. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6 (5): e19668. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019668.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elberse K.E.M., Nunes S., Sá-Leão R., van der Heide H.G.J., Schouls L.M. Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis for Streptococcus pneumoniae: Comparison with PFGE and MLST. PLoS ONE. 2011; 6 (5): e19668. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019668.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Миронов К.О., Гапонова И.И., Корчагин В.И., Михайлова Ю.В., Шеленков А.А., Каптелова и соавт. Антигенная и генетическая характеристика штаммов Streptococcus pneumoniae, выделенных от больных инвазивными и неинвазивными пневмококковыми инфекциями, с использованием высокопроизводительного секвенирования. Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2021; 98 (5): 512–518. doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-144. [Mironov K.O., Gaponova I.I., Korchagin V.I., Mihailova Y.V., Shelenkov A.A., Kaptelova V.V. et al. Antigenic and genetic characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from patients with invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal infections by using high-throughput sequencing. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2021; 98 (5): 512–518. doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-144. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Миронов К.О., Гапонова И.И., Корчагин В.И., Михайлова Ю.В., Шеленков А.А., Каптелова и соавт. Антигенная и генетическая характеристика штаммов Streptococcus pneumoniae, выделенных от больных инвазивными и неинвазивными пневмококковыми инфекциями, с использованием высокопроизводительного секвенирования. Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2021; 98 (5): 512–518. doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-144. [Mironov K.O., Gaponova I.I., Korchagin V.I., Mihailova Y.V., Shelenkov A.A., Kaptelova V.V. et al. Antigenic and genetic characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from patients with invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal infections by using high-throughput sequencing. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2021; 98 (5): 512–518. doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-144. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мартынова А.В., Балабанова Л.А., Чулакова О.А., Шепарёв А.А. Молекулярно-эпидемиологический мониторинг штаммов Streptococcus pneumoniae, выделенных у пациентов пожилого возраста с внебольничными пневмониями. Современные технологии в медицине. 2014; 6 (3): 91–96. [Martynova A.V., Balabanova L.A., Chulakova O.A., Sheparyov A.A. Molecular epidemiological monitoring of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated in elderly patients with common-acquired pneumoniaes. Modern Technologies in Medicine. 2014; 6 (3): 91–96. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Мартынова А.В., Балабанова Л.А., Чулакова О.А., Шепарёв А.А. Молекулярно-эпидемиологический мониторинг штаммов Streptococcus pneumoniae, выделенных у пациентов пожилого возраста с внебольничными пневмониями. Современные технологии в медицине. 2014; 6 (3): 91–96. [Martynova A.V., Balabanova L.A., Chulakova O.A., Sheparyov A.A. Molecular epidemiological monitoring of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated in elderly patients with common-acquired pneumoniaes. Modern Technologies in Medicine. 2014; 6 (3): 91–96. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савинова Т.А., Филимонова О.Ю., Грудинина С.А., Сидоренко С.В. Генетическое разнообразие пенициллинустойчивых Streptococcus pneumoniae. Журнал инфектологии. 2009;1(4): 66–71. doi: 10.22625/2072-6732-2009-1-4-66-71. [Savinova T.A., Filimonova O.Y., Grudinina S.A., Sidorenko S.V. Genetic diversity of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Journal Infectology. 2009; 1 (4): 66–71. doi: 10.22625/2072-6732-2009-1-4-66-71. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Савинова Т.А., Филимонова О.Ю., Грудинина С.А., Сидоренко С.В. Генетическое разнообразие пенициллинустойчивых Streptococcus pneumoniae. Журнал инфектологии. 2009;1(4): 66–71. doi: 10.22625/2072-6732-2009-1-4-66-71. [Savinova T.A., Filimonova O.Y., Grudinina S.A., Sidorenko S.V. Genetic diversity of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Journal Infectology. 2009; 1 (4): 66–71. doi: 10.22625/2072-6732-2009-1-4-66-71. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Straume D., Stamsås G.A., Håvarstein L.S. Natural transformation and genome evolution in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Genet Evol. 2015; 33: 371–380. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.10.020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Straume D., Stamsås G.A., Håvarstein L.S. Natural transformation and genome evolution in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Genet Evol. 2015; 33: 371–380. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.10.020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Straume D., Stamsås G.A., Håvarstein L.S. Natural transformation and genome evolution in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Genet Evol. 2015; 33: 371–380. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.10.020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Straume D., Stamsås G.A., Håvarstein L.S. Natural transformation and genome evolution in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Genet Evol. 2015; 33: 371–380. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.10.020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wyres K.L., Lambertsen L.M., Croucher N.J., McGee L., von Gottberg A., Liñares J. et al. Pneumococcal capsular switching: a historical perspective. J Infect Dis. 2013; 207: 439–449. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis703.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wyres K.L., Lambertsen L.M., Croucher N.J., McGee L., von Gottberg A., Liñares J. et al. Pneumococcal capsular switching: a historical perspective. J Infect Dis. 2013; 207: 439–449. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis703.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beall B.W., Gertz R.E., Hulkower R.L., Whitney C.G., Moore M.R., Brueggemann A.B. Shifting genetic structure of invasive serotype 19A pneumococci in the United States. J Infect Dis. 2011; 203: 1360–1368. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jir052.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beall B.W., Gertz R.E., Hulkower R.L., Whitney C.G., Moore M.R., Brueggemann A.B. Shifting genetic structure of invasive serotype 19A pneumococci in the United States. J Infect Dis. 2011; 203: 1360–1368. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jir052.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beall B., McEllistrem M.C., Gertz R.E., Wedel S., Boxrud D.J., Gonzalez A.L. et al. Pre- and postvaccination clonal compositions of invasive pneumococcal serotypes for isolates collected in the United States in 1999, 2001, and 2002. J Clin Microbiol. 2006; 44 (3): 999–1017. doi: 10.1128/JCM.44.3.999-1017.2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beall B., McEllistrem M.C., Gertz R.E., Wedel S., Boxrud D.J., Gonzalez A.L. et al. Pre- and postvaccination clonal compositions of invasive pneumococcal serotypes for isolates collected in the United States in 1999, 2001, and 2002. J Clin Microbiol. 2006; 44 (3): 999–1017. doi: 10.1128/JCM.44.3.999-1017.2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaur R., Casey J.R., Pichichero M.E. Emerging Streptococcus pneumoniae strains colonizing the nasopharynx in children after 13- valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in comparison to the 7-valent era, 2006–2015. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2016; 35 (8): 901–906. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001206.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaur R., Casey J.R., Pichichero M.E. Emerging Streptococcus pneumoniae strains colonizing the nasopharynx in children after 13- valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in comparison to the 7-valent era, 2006–2015. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2016; 35 (8): 901–906. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001206.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Миронов К.О., Корчагин В.И., Михайлова Ю.В., Янушевич Ю.Г., Шеленков А.А., Чагарян А.Н. и соавт. Характеристика штаммов Streptococcus рneumoniae, выделенных от больных инвазивными пневмококковыми инфекциями, с использованием высокопроизводительного секвенирования. Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2020; 97 (2): 113–118. doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-2020-97-2-113-118. [Mironov K.O., Korchagin V.I., Mikhailova Y.V., Yanushevich Y.G., Shelenkov A.A., Chagaryan A.N. et al. Characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains causing invasive infections using whole-genome sequencing. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2020; 97 (2): 113–118. doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-2020-97-2-113-118. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Миронов К.О., Корчагин В.И., Михайлова Ю.В., Янушевич Ю.Г., Шеленков А.А., Чагарян А.Н. и соавт. Характеристика штаммов Streptococcus рneumoniae, выделенных от больных инвазивными пневмококковыми инфекциями, с использованием высокопроизводительного секвенирования. Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2020; 97 (2): 113–118. doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-2020-97-2-113-118. [Mironov K.O., Korchagin V.I., Mikhailova Y.V., Yanushevich Y.G., Shelenkov A.A., Chagaryan A.N. et al. Characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains causing invasive infections using whole-genome sequencing. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2020; 97 (2): 113–118. doi: 10.36233/0372-9311-2020-97-2-113-118. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coffey T.J., Enright M.C., Daniels M., Morona J.K., Morona R., Hryniewicz W. et al. Recombinational exchanges at the capsular polysaccharide biosynthetic locus lead to frequent serotype changes among natural isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mol Microbiol. 1998; 27 (1): 73–83. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00658.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coffey T.J., Enright M.C., Daniels M., Morona J.K., Morona R., Hryniewicz W. et al. Recombinational exchanges at the capsular polysaccharide biosynthetic locus lead to frequent serotype changes among natural isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mol Microbiol. 1998; 27 (1): 73–83. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00658.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цветкова И.А., Беланов С.С., Гостев В.В., Калиногорская О.С., Волкова М.О., Мохов А.С. и соавт. Клональная структура популяции изолятов Streptococcus pneumoniae, циркулирующих в России с 1980 по 2017 гг. Антибиотики и химиотер. 2019; 64 (5–6): 22–31. doi: 10.24411/0235-2990-2019-100027. [Tsvetkova I.A., Belanov S.S., Gostev V.V., Kalinogorskaya O.S., Volkova M.O., Mokhov A.S. et al. Clonality of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Russia, circulating from 1980 to 2017. Antibiot i Khimioter. 2019; 64 (5–6): 22–31. doi: 10.24411/0235-2990-2019-100027. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Цветкова И.А., Беланов С.С., Гостев В.В., Калиногорская О.С., Волкова М.О., Мохов А.С. и соавт. Клональная структура популяции изолятов Streptococcus pneumoniae, циркулирующих в России с 1980 по 2017 гг. Антибиотики и химиотер. 2019; 64 (5–6): 22–31. doi: 10.24411/0235-2990-2019-100027. [Tsvetkova I.A., Belanov S.S., Gostev V.V., Kalinogorskaya O.S., Volkova M.O., Mokhov A.S. et al. Clonality of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Russia, circulating from 1980 to 2017. Antibiot i Khimioter. 2019; 64 (5–6): 22–31. doi: 10.24411/0235-2990-2019-100027. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белошицкий Г.В., Королева И.С., Миронов К.О. Фенотипическая и генотипическая характеристика штаммов пневмококков, выделенных от больных пневмококковым менингитом. Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2011;13 (3): 261–266. [Beloshitskiy G.V., Korolyova I.S., Mironov K.O. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of pneumococci isolated from patients with pneumococcal meningitis. Kliniceskaia Mikrobiologia i Antimikrobnia Khimioterapia. 2011; 13 (3): 261–266. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Белошицкий Г.В., Королева И.С., Миронов К.О. Фенотипическая и генотипическая характеристика штаммов пневмококков, выделенных от больных пневмококковым менингитом. Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2011;13 (3): 261–266. [Beloshitskiy G.V., Korolyova I.S., Mironov K.O. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of pneumococci isolated from patients with pneumococcal meningitis. Kliniceskaia Mikrobiologia i Antimikrobnia Khimioterapia. 2011; 13 (3): 261–266. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белошицкий Г.В., Королева И.С., Королева М.А. Серотиповой пейзаж пневмококков, выделенных при пневмококковом менингите, в Российской Федерации. Эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика. 2015; 14 (2): 19–25. doi: 10.31631/2073-3046-2015-14-2-19-25. [Beloshitsky G.V., Koroleva I.S., Koroleva M.A. Landscape of serotypes pneumococcus isolate with pneumococcal meningitis in the Russian Federation. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2015; 14 (2): 19–25. doi: 10.31631/2073-3046-2015-14-2-19-25. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Белошицкий Г.В., Королева И.С., Королева М.А. Серотиповой пейзаж пневмококков, выделенных при пневмококковом менингите, в Российской Федерации. Эпидемиология и вакцинопрофилактика. 2015; 14 (2): 19–25. doi: 10.31631/2073-3046-2015-14-2-19-25. [Beloshitsky G.V., Koroleva I.S., Koroleva M.A. Landscape of serotypes pneumococcus isolate with pneumococcal meningitis in the Russian Federation. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2015; 14 (2): 19–25. doi: 10.31631/2073-3046-2015-14-2-19-25. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фельдблюм И.В., Семериков В.В., Голоднова С.О., Николенко В.В., Захарова Ю.А., Воробьева Н.Н. Результаты серотипирования штаммов Str. Pneumoniae, циркулирующих на территории г. Перми. Здоровье семьи —21 век. 2013; 2 (2): 194–203. [Feldblum I.V., Semerikov V.V., Golodnova S.O., Nikolenko V.V., Zakharova Yu.A., Vorobyeva N.N. Results of serotyping of Str. Pneumoniae strains circulating in Perm. Zdorov'e sem'i — 21 vek. 2013; 2 (2): 194–203. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Фельдблюм И.В., Семериков В.В., Голоднова С.О., Николенко В.В., Захарова Ю.А., Воробьева Н.Н. Результаты серотипирования штаммов Str. Pneumoniae, циркулирующих на территории г. Перми. Здоровье семьи —21 век. 2013; 2 (2): 194–203. [Feldblum I.V., Semerikov V.V., Golodnova S.O., Nikolenko V.V., Zakharova Yu.A., Vorobyeva N.N. Results of serotyping of Str. Pneumoniae strains circulating in Perm. Zdorov'e sem'i — 21 vek. 2013; 2 (2): 194–203. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козлов Р.С., Сивая О.В., Кречикова О.И. Динамика резистентности Streptococcus pneumoniae к антибиотикам в России за период 1999–2009: Результаты многоцентрового проспективного исследования ПеГАС. Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2010; 12 (4): 329–341. [Kozlov R.S., Sivaya O.V., Krechikova O.I., Ivanchik N.V., Study Group «PEHASus». Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Russia over the 1999–2009: Results of multicenter prospective study PEHASus. Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2010; 12 (4): 329–341. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Козлов Р.С., Сивая О.В., Кречикова О.И. Динамика резистентности Streptococcus pneumoniae к антибиотикам в России за период 1999–2009: Результаты многоцентрового проспективного исследования ПеГАС. Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная химиотерапия. 2010; 12 (4): 329–341. [Kozlov R.S., Sivaya O.V., Krechikova O.I., Ivanchik N.V., Study Group «PEHASus». Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Russia over the 1999–2009: Results of multicenter prospective study PEHASus. Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2010; 12 (4): 329–341. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sidorenko S., Rennert W., Lobzin Y., Briko N., Kozlov R., Namazova-Baranova L. et al. Multicenter study of serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal isolates from healthy children in the Russian Federation after introduction of PCV13 into the National Vaccination Calendar. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020; 96: 1–6. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.114914.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sidorenko S., Rennert W., Lobzin Y., Briko N., Kozlov R., Namazova-Baranova L. et al. Multicenter study of serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal isolates from healthy children in the Russian Federation after introduction of PCV13 into the National Vaccination Calendar. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020; 96: 1–6. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.114914.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Харит С., Сидоренко С., Рулева А., Перова А., Волкова М., Гостев В. и др. Распространённость пневмококковых пневмоний и отитов у детей младшего возраста (предварительные данные). Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2011; 10 (6): 103–107. [Kharit S., Sidorenko S., Ruleva A., Perova A., Volkova M., Gostev V. et al. Prevalence of pneumococcal pneumoniae and otitides in infants (provisional data). Current Pediatrics. 2011; 10 (6): 103–107. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Харит С., Сидоренко С., Рулева А., Перова А., Волкова М., Гостев В. и др. Распространённость пневмококковых пневмоний и отитов у детей младшего возраста (предварительные данные). Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2011; 10 (6): 103–107. [Kharit S., Sidorenko S., Ruleva A., Perova A., Volkova M., Gostev V. et al. Prevalence of pneumococcal pneumoniae and otitides in infants (provisional data). Current Pediatrics. 2011; 10 (6): 103–107. (in Russian)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garcia-Garcia S., Perez-Arguello A., Henares D., Timoneda N., MuñozAlmagro C. Rapid identification, capsular typing and molecular characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae by using whole genome nanopore sequencing. BMC Microbiol. 2020; 20: 347. doi: 10.1186/s12866-020-02032-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garcia-Garcia S., Perez-Arguello A., Henares D., Timoneda N., MuñozAlmagro C. Rapid identification, capsular typing and molecular characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae by using whole genome nanopore sequencing. BMC Microbiol. 2020; 20: 347. doi: 10.1186/s12866-020-02032-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
