antibioticsАнтибиотики и ХимиотерапияAntibiot Khimioter = Antibiotics and Chemotherapy0235-2990ООО «Издательство ОКИ»10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-79-90antibiotics-982Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSОтотоксичность аминогликозидов современные представленияOtotoxicity of Aminoglycosides the Modern Conceptshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2888-5993ШубниковаЕ. В.ShubnikovaE. V.

Шубникова Елена Владимировна — кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий  эксперт Управления экспертизы безопасности лекарственных средств.

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, НЦЭСМП, Москва, 127051

Researcher ID: B-6727-2018.

Scopus  Author  ID: 35622241800

Elena V. Shubnikova — Ph.D. in Medicine, Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products of the Ministry of Health  of the Russian Federation.

Moscow

Researcher ID: B-6727-2018

Scopus Author ID: 35622241800

shubnikovaev@expmed.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9514-6322ВельцН. Ю.VeltsN. Yu.

Вельц Наталья Юрьевна — кандидат биологических наук, доцент, заместитель начальника Управления экспертизы безопасности лекарственных средств  по  МИБП.

Петровский б-р, д. 8, стр. 2, НЦЭСМП, Москва, 127051

Researcher ID: B-4870-2018

AuthorID: 179432

Nataliya Yu. Velts — Ph.  D. in Biology, Associate  Professor, Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products of the Ministry of Health  of the Russian Federation.

Moscow

Researcher ID B-4870-2018

AuthorID:  179432

Velts@expmed.ruНаучный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения МЗ РФРоссияScientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal ProductsRussian Federation2022090220236711-127990Copyright © Шубникова Е.В., Вельц Н.Ю., 20232023Шубникова Е.В., Вельц Н.Ю.Shubnikova E.V., Velts N.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.antibiotics-chemotherapy.ru/jour/article/view/982

Аминогликозиды являются антибактериальными средствами широкого спектра действия и используются при лечении инфекций мочевыводящих путей, туберкулёза, висцерального лейшманиоза, сепсиса у новорождённых и муковисцидоза. Однако применение аминогликозидов ограничено в связи с их ототоксичностью — риском развития серьёзных нежелательных реакций, в частности стойкой необратимой потери слуха и вестибулярных нарушений, связанных с гибелью волосковых клеток во внутреннем ухе. В обзоре проанализированы научные данные о возможных механизмах повреждающего действия аминогликозидов на волосковые клетки внутреннего уха. Описаны генетически обусловленные причины, способствующие проявлению ототоксических свойств препаратов этой группы. Обоснована необходимость проведения генетического скрининга на носительство мутаций m.1555A>G и m.1494C>T в гене MT-RNR1 митохондриальной ДНК для минимизации риска развития нарушений со стороны органа слуха у пациентов, имеющих наследственную предрасположенность. Понимание механизмов ототокcичности аминогликозидов позволит найти пути для профилактики и коррекции потери слуха после их применения.

Aminoglycosides are broad-spectrum antibacterial agents used  in the treatment of urinary  tract infections, tuberculosis, visceral leishmaniasis, sepsis in newborns, as well as cystic fibrosis. However, the use of aminoglycosides is limited due to their ototoxicity — the risk of developing serious adverse  reactions, in particular, persistent irreversible hearing loss and vestibular disorders associated with the death of hair cells in the inner ear. The review analyzes scientific data on the possible mechanisms of aminoglycosides’ damaging effect  on the hair cells  of the inner  ear. Genetically determined causes contributing to the manifestation of ototoxic properties of drugs of this group are described. The necessity of genetic screening for the carriage  of mutations m.1555A>G  and m.1494C>T in the MT-RNR1 gene  of mitochondrial DNA is substantiated in order to minimize the risk of hearing disorders in patients with hereditary predisposition. Understanding the mechanisms of ototoxicity of aminoglycosides will make it possible to find ways to prevent and correct hearing loss after their use.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.