Исследование резистентности к антибиотикам бактерий рода Bacillus, выделенных из Международной космической станции и больничной лаборатории

Актуальность. К настоящему времени мало данных о клинических характеристиках бактерий рода Bacillus, обитающих в чистых комнатах и асептических помещениях.

Цель исследования — идентификация и определение устойчивости к клинически значимым антибиотикам штаммов Bacillus, выделенных с Международной космической станции и медицинской лаборатории.

Материалы и методы. Идентификация изолятов осуществлена методами анализа гена 16S рРНК, MALDI-TOF и полногеномного секвенирования. Чувствительность к антибиотикам оценивали диско-диффузионным методом.

Результаты. У семи штаммов Bacillus из 13 обнаружена резистентность к имипенему, у каждого из B. cereus LR2HG21, HSA01, HSA03, HSA12 — к имипенему, ципрофлоксацину, левофлоксацину и норфлоксацину. Полногеномное секвенирование B. cereus LR2HG21, HSA01, HSA03, HSA12 и B. safensis SE192, устойчивых к имипенему и меропенему, показало, что резистентность к ним обеспечивает ген TEM-116. Кроме TEM-116, устойчивость B. cereus LR2HG21 к имипенему и меропенему, а B. cereus HSA01 и HSA03 к имипенему обеспечивают гены BcI и/или BcII. Резистентность к эритромицину у B. subtilis SE15 и B. subtilis SE171 кодирует ген mphK.

Заключение. У разных штаммов Bacillus устойчивость к определённому антибиотику может обеспечиваться одним или несколькими механизмами одновременно.

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