Нативные и модифицированные микобактериальные бактериофаги: источники, технологии получения и применение в диагностике и терапии микобактериозов

Микобактериальные бактериофаги (микобактериофаги) — вирусы, инфицирующие представителей рода Mycobacterium, рассматриваются как быстро развивающаяся платформа для диагностики и терапии инфекций, вызванных туберкулёзными и нетуберкулезными микобактериями (НТМ). В обзоре критически обобщены современные подходы к поиску и выделению нативных микобактериофагов из природных субстратов; биологической и морфологической характеристике микобактериофагов; их молекулярной идентификации и аннотации геномов; технологиям направленной модификации и созданию рекомбинантных фагов микобактерий с заданными свойствами; требованиям к разработке лекарственных форм с микобактериальными фагами, контролю качества и биобезопасности этих форм; стратегиям персонализированной фаготерапии НТМ-инфекций и потенциалу диагностических репортерных фагов при микобактериозах. Обсуждаются ограничения (узкий спектр литической активности, возможная резистентность бактерий, взаимодействие с иммунной системой), регуляторные и технологические барьеры, а также перспективы интеграции микобактериофаговых платформ с антибиотикотерапией и биоинженерией. Предложены стандартизованные рабочие схемы пробоподготовки, скрининга, очистки и контроля качества препаратов, содержащих микобактериофаги, а также минимальные наборы исследовательской и клинической документации.

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