Dynamics of Beta-Lactams Resistance Distribution in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Its Clinical Significance

1. Austrian R. Pneumococcus and the Brooklyn connection. Am J Med 1999; 107: 1A: 2S-6S.

2. Metlay J. P., Hofmann J., Cetron M. S. et al. Impact of penicillin susceptibility on medical outcomes for adult patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 30: 3: 520-528.

3. Hansmana D. B. A resistant pneumococcus. Lancet 1967; 290: 264-265.

4. Low D. E. Changing trends in antimicrobial-resistant pneumococci: it's not all bad news. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41: Suppl 4: S228-233.

5. Richter S. S., Heilmann K. P., Dohrn C. L. et al. Changing epidemiology of antimicrobial-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States, 2004-2005. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 48: 3: 23-33.

6. Sabuncu E., David J., Bernede-Bauduin C. et al. Significant Reduction of Antibiotic Use in the Community after a Nationwide Campaign in France, 2002-2007. PLoS Med 2009; 6: 6: e1000084.

7. Грудинина С. А., Сидоренко С. В., Федорчук В. В. и др. Динамика распространения антибиотикорезистентности среди Streptococcus pneumoniae в Москве в период с 1998 по 2003 гг. Антибиотики и химиотер 2004; 49: 4: 25-34.

8. Tait-Kamradt A. G., Cronan M., Dougherty T. J. Comparative genome analysis of high-level penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microb Drug Resist 2009; 15: 2: 69-75.

9. Stanhope M. J., Lefebure T., Walsh S. L. et al. Positive selection in penicillin-binding proteins 1a, 2b, and 2x from Streptococcus pneumoniae and its correlation with amoxicillin resistance development. Infect Genet Evol 2008; 8: 3: 331-339.

10. Hakenbeck R., Konig A., Kern I. et al. Acquisition of five high-Mr penicillin-binding protein variants during transfer of high-level beta-lactam resistance from Streptococcus mitis to Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Bacteriol 1998;180: 7: 1831-1840.

11. Pallares R., Linares J., Vadillo M. et al. Resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin and mortality from severe pneumococcal pneumonia in Barcelona, Spain. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 8: 474-480.

12. Leggett J. E., Fantin B., Ebert S. et al. Comparative antibiotic dose-effect relations at several dosing intervals in murine pneumonitis and thigh-infection models. J Infect Dis 1989; 159: 2: 281-292.

13. Drusano G. L. Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics: critical interactions of 'bug and drug'. Nat Rev Microbiol 2004; 2: 4: 289-300.

14. Craig W. A. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters: rationale for antibacterial dosing of mice and men. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 26: 1: 1-10.

15. Craig W. A., Andes D. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibiotics in otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996; 15: 3: 255-259.

16. Craig W. A. Interrelationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in determining dosage regimens for broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1995; 22: 1-2: 89-96.

17. Leggett J. E., Ebert S., Fantin B., Craig W. A. Comparative dose-effect relations at several dosing intervals for beta-lactam, aminoglycoside and quinolone antibiotics against gram-negative bacilli in murine thigh-infection and pneumonitis models. Scand J Infect Dis 1990; 74: Suppl: 179-184.

18. Turnidge J., Kahlmeter G., Kronvall G. Statistical characterisation of bacterial wild-type MIC value distributions and the determination of epidemiological cut-off values. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12: 5: 418-425.

19. Turnidge J., Paterson D. L. Setting and revising antibacterial susceptibility breakpoints. Clin Microbiol Rev 2007; 20: 3: 391-408.

20. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standard for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: Nineteenth Inform Suppl Doc M100-S19. CLSI, Wayne, PA. 2009.

21. Методические указания по определению чувствительности микроорганизмов к антибактериальным препаратам: Метод указ МУК 4 2 2004; 1890-04.

22. van de Sande-Bruinsma N., Grundmann H., Verloo D. et al. Antimicrobial drug use and resistance in Europe. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14: 11: 1722-1730.