Микропластик и его роль в сохранении и распространении генов резистентности к антибиотикам в морских экосистемах

Одним из самых обсуждаемых вопросов о защите окружающей среды в науке и обществе является загрязнение природных экосистем пластиком и его воздействие на живые организмы. Свидетельством этому является поток многочисленных публикаций, появившихся в последние годы. Результаты проведённых исследований подтверждают, что загрязнение водных экосистем пластиковым мусором считается одной из самых серьёзных глобальных экологических проблем. Особую озабоченность вызывает широкое распространение в Мировом океане продуктов фотоокисления и биологической деградации — микро- и наноразмерных частиц пластика (МП и НП), которые вносят основной вклад в биологические эффекты. Катастрофические экологические последствия заражения морских экосистем микропластиком связаны не только с экономическим ущербом, но и здоровьем людей, биобезопасностью марикультуры. Созданная человеком пластисфера является новой экосистемой, которая играет всё более значительную роль в жизни морских микроорганизмов. Биоплёнки, сформированные на шероховатых и гидрофобных поверхностях пластисферы, состоят из различных таксонов микроорганизмов и по составу отличаются от окружающих морских сообществ. Кроме того, они являются хранителями и переносчиками внутри- и внеклеточных генов антибиотикорезистентности (ARG). Целью обзора является обобщение современных сведений о загрязнении окружающей среды микропластиком в контексте его роли в сохранении и распространении патогенных бактерий и генов резистентности к антибиотикам в природных средах с акцентом на морские экосистемы.

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