Background. Wound infections of bacterial etiology are a socially significant problem. The lack of rational antibiotic therapy can lead to an increase in the emergence of resistant strains of microorganisms. Thus, the search for approaches to solving this problem seems relevant.

   Aim. To study the inhibitory effect of the porphyrin-polymer system — heminpoly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (hemin-PHB) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which play a significant role in the development of purulent-inflammatory processes.

   Material and methods. The purity of hemin was verified against the analytical standard by electron absorption spectroscopy. The hemin-PHB system was obtained by electrospinning. The hemin-polymer system morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy. The antibacterial activity of hemin-PHB (containing 1, 3, and 5% hemin) was evaluated against test cultures of Escherichia coli (strain 1257) and Staphylococcus aureus (strain 209-P) at dilutions of 104–107 CFU/ml by measuring inhibition zone diameters.

   Results. It was found that hemin metal complex introduction into the polymer matrix led to a change in the geometric parameters of polyhydroxybutyrate fibers, which was a consequence of the compaction and anisotropy of the nonwoven fibrous material. The hemin-PHB antibacterial activity was directly dependent on the hemin percentage in the polymer. PHB with 5 % hemin had the significant inhibitory effect. S. aureus showed a higher (on average, 10 %) sensitivity to hemin compared to E. coli.

   Conclusion. The variation of hemin content in PHB affects its structural and functional properties. PHB fibers containing 5 % hemin inhibit the growth of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria — E. coli and S. aureus. The resulting porphyrin-polymer system can be recommended for use as the antiseptic material for wound treatment.

   Background. Numerous studies confirm the key role of bacterial and fungal etiological agents capable of film formation in the development of acute and chronic infectious processes, as well as the need to search for new methods of eradication of pathogens and destruction of biofilm.

   The aim of the study was to examine the effect of the enzyme preparation Wobenzym on the process of formation and destruction of complex biofilms consisting of representatives of the normal microbiocenosis of the reproductive tract of women, opportunistic bacteria and fungi of the Candida genus.

   Material and methods. 33 strains of bacteria and 16 strains of fungi with increased film-forming ability were studied using the bacteriological method.

   Results. The average value of optical density (OD), reflecting the intensity of film formation, is 0.478 ± 0.240 (m = ±0.042) when cultivating strains without Wobenzym. The average OD value during cultivation with Wobenzym is 0.190 ± 0.162 (m = ±0.028), (P = 0.001). OD is significantly lower in wells with the enzyme preparation Wobenzym when cultivating both bacterial and fungal isolates and their associations. As the duration of cultivation increases, the intensity of film formation also increases. It has been established that the enzyme preparation Wobenzym leads to the destruction of a biofilm of bacterial and fungal strains formed within 24 and 48 hours, as well as their associations consisting of one, two, or three microorganisms.

   Conclusions. The enzyme preparation Wobenzym reduces the film-forming ability of both bacterial cells and Candida fungi, reducing the likelihood of biofilm formation, which lowers the risk of relapse and confirms its potentiating effect in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory processes of both bacterial and fungal etiology. Wobenzym destroys complex biofilms consisting of both gram-positive, gram-negative, non-pathogenic, opportunistic, including ESBL-producing, bacteria and fungi of the genus Candida. The enzyme preparation Wobenzym does not inhibit the viability of representatives of the normal microbiocenosis of the female reproductive tract, such as Lactobacillus spp., which provide colonization resistance of the non-sterile locus of the human body.

   Given the steady increase in the number of cases of Alzheimer's disease, the issue of improving the level of its diagnosis is becoming more urgent.

   The aim of the study was to develop a new method for verifying markers of Alzheimer's disease in blood serum based on graphene sensors.

   Materials and methods. Graphene growth was carried out by sublimation. At the first stage of the experiment, the effectiveness of antibody attachment to human beta-amyloid peptide 1–42 and human total tau protein was evaluated. At the second stage, the sensors' ability to analyze beta-amyloid 1–42 proteins and total tau protein was evaluated.

   Results. Graphene functionalized with sulfo groups from pyranine exhibits sufficient ability to immobilize antibodies. Treatment with glutaraldehyde of graphene functionalized by amino groups significantly increases the ability of the latter to immobilize antibodies. The sensors exhibit high sensitivity at protein concentrations in solutions from 10–10 to 10–15 g/ml. At low concentrations of antigen, the obtained calibration graphs steeply drop and slightly diverge, which makes it possible to use this area to determine an unknown concentration of antigen. The concentration of proteins in the blind experiment was determined with an error of 1.5 times, that is, about half the dilution step. A more fractional dilution of samples will help to achieve greater accuracy, which shows the fundamental applicability of the approach used.

   Conclusion. The research conducted to date has allowed the development of medical, as well as physicochemical aspects of the action of graphene-based sensors for detecting low concentrations of beta-amyloid and tau protein proteins in media. The fundamental technical efficiency of this technique has been demonstrated.

   The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the drug riamilovir (Triazavirin®), 100 mg capsules, in children aged 6–11 years with a diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI).

   Materials and methods. The multicenter study included 260 patients diagnosed with acute respiratory viral infections (ICD-10 codes: J00, J02, J02.9, J04, J04.0, J04.1, J04.2, J06, J06.0, J06.9), confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, in the presence of clinical manifestations. Patients were included in the study after one of their legal representatives and the patient themself (from the age of 10) signed an informed consent to participate in the study. The interval between the appearance of the first symptoms of the disease and the patient's inclusion in the study did not exceed 36 hours.

   Results. As a result of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, comparative, placebo-controlled clinical trial, the efficacy and safety of treatment with riamilovir (Triazavirin®) in children aged 6–11 years with a diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infections were established. A decrease in the duration of the disease was shown when using the drug riamilovir compared with the control group. No serious adverse events were detected during the study.

   Conclusion. A multicenter clinical trial has established the high efficacy, safety, and good tolerability of riamilovir in the treatment of primary school-age children (6–11 years old) diagnosed with acute respiratory viral infections. The use of riamilovir in clinical practice as an etiotropic therapy in children aged 6–11 years with a diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infections is recommended due to its high efficacy and safety.

   Aim. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the preventive use of the directacting antiviral drug riamilovir in reducing the incidence of COVID-19, as well as its impact on the dynamics of infection spread using mathematical simulation on the example of the Kurgan region population to optimize preventive strategies for epidemiologically significant diseases.

   Material and methods. To simulate the spread of COVID-19 in the Kurgan region, the extended SEIR model was used, taking into account the effect of riamilovir on the likelihood of contracting a new coronavirus infection. The numerical solution of the system of differential equations was carried out using the 4^th order Runge-Kutta method. The input parameters of the model
were based on demographic data from the region and the results of a clinical study of riamilovir preventive efficacy against COVID-19 and acute respiratory viral infections. The scenarios under consideration involve 30 % and 50 % of the population taking the drug, which reduced the likelihood of infection by 25.7 % and 40 %, respectively.

   Results. Based on mathematical simulation, it has been established that the preventive use of riamilovir by 30% or 50% of the population shifts the peak of the epidemic to a later date, and the maximum number of active cases is significantly reduced compared to the scenario without the drug. The total number of cases is decreasing, which reduces the burden on the healthcare system and improves control over the spread of infection.

   Conclusion. Mathematical simulation has shown that the scenario of preventive use of riamilovir on the example of the Kurgan region can significantly reduce the incidence of infections with epidemic potential, reduce the burden on the healthcare system, and slow down the peak of the epidemic.

   The aim of the study was to evaluate energy metabolism and adaptation potential, as well as the possibility of their differentiated correction in energy-deficient states in the postoperative period in patients with uterine body cancer.

   Methods. The patients were divided into the main (N = 36) and control groups (N = 32) immediately before the surgery. In the main group, Remaxol® was introduced into the complex of treatment measures to correct energy metabolism before and during the perioperative period. An antihypoxant was not used in the control group. The state of energy metabolism and the type of energy deficiency were assessed by hemoglobin transport, oxygen consumption and extraction, glucose and lactate concentrations. The quantitative and qualitative composition of peripheral blood was studied in order to determine the nature of the adaptive response. The survey was conducted before surgery, on the 2^nd and 5^th days of the perioperative period.

   Results. 69 % of patients had G1 differentiation of endometrial carcinoma. Excess weight > 26) was recorded in 68% of cases, regardless of the uterine body cancer (UBC) stage. Patients are comparable in age, as well as anthropometry. Analysis of the obtained results showed that the baseline background of UBC patients is characterized by various types of dysregulation of energy metabolism, disruption of the regulatory mechanisms of the physiological adaptation response, and the prevalence of the body's stress response. The use of Remaxol® contributed to the restoration of energy potential and adaptive homeostasis in the main group of patients in the perioperative period.

   Conclusion. A differentiated approach to the dose selection of the anti-hypoxant used in this category of patients promotes leveling of emerging types of energy deficiency, restoration of adequate oxygen consumption and extraction, hemoglobin transport, remodulation of physiological adaptive homeostasis regulatory mechanisms, which will contribute to a favorable course of the perioperative period, as well as a decrease in the number of somatic and surgical complications in this category of patients.

   The article presents the features of the psychoemotional status, vegetative regulation, as well as correction methods for adolescents with bronchial asthma. For an objective assessment of the psycho-emotional state of children, the course of the disease was studied during the basic anti-asthmatic therapy and in combination with altitude climate therapy. Corrective work was carried out using various psychological techniques. Prognostically significant factors in the course of bronchial asthma were objectified using comparative pathopsychological and mathematical analysis.

   The aim of the study was to review the international experience in ensuring the quality of medicinal products based on mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) in order to identify the aspects of the quality control strategy during manufacturing and expert assessment within the state registration procedure in the Russian Federation.

   Material and methods. The presented materials are obtained from the regulatory documents of the USA, EU, Australia, the Republic of Korea and Japan, official website of the International Society for Stem Cell Research, as well as published scientific studies.

   Results. Currently, eight products containing MSCs are approved for commercial use globally, and about a thousand are in different phases of clinical trials. When the experience of quality control of these products was analyzed, aspects and risks associated with their manufacture, as well as the nature of the cellular component, were identified. Thus, the use of donor material and reagents of animal origin poses a risk of infection and the development of immunogenicity; the cultivation MSCs is associated with the risk of tumorigenicity; the formation of intermediate products during the manufacturing process and their cryopreservation leads to the creation and characterization of cell banks; the variety of mechanisms of action of MSCs requires a clear explanation of the method of achieving a therapeutic effect; the variability of donor material and cell processing methods makes it difficult to obtain a product with a reproducible composition. These aspects and risks form the basis of the strategy and standardization of quality control for this product group. As a result, quality control acquires a number of aspects: an orthogonal approach to studying the identity and potency, confirming the mechanism of action; the requirement of cell characterization during the cultivation, as well as compilation of separate specifications for intermediate products and the active substance; conducting studies of impurity content, immunogenicity (for allogeneic products) and tumorigenicity; the possibility of lack of sterility and mycoplasma test results at the time of administration to the patient.

   Excessive and sometimes inappropriate use of antibiotics leads to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Antibiotic-resistant pathogens are a major public health problem in routine clinical practice and have severe economic consequences due to increased treatment costs. Timely testing of antimicrobial susceptibility for bacterial infections ensures accurate prescribing, reduces treatment time, and helps minimize the spread of antibiotic-resistant infections. The main problem with antibiotic susceptibility testing is that there are not enough fast diagnostic tests to allow appropriate
antibiotic prescribing at the point of care. Using traditional methods, determining the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics requires a minimum of 24 hours. Therefore, the development of express methods for determining antibacterial resistance, especially using biosensor systems, is relevant. The work provides a brief analysis of the problems of antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria in the world and presents the main mechanisms of its development, as well as describes the prospects of sensor methods for assessing the antibiotic resistance of bacteria.

   COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as one of the most serious global health challenges in recent decades. The treatment of this condition has proven to be a complex task due to the lack of specific therapies and a clear understanding of its pathogenesis. A review of the literature on the treatment of COVID-19 at various stages has indicated that the prescription of many medications was often spontaneous and lacked an evidence-based foundation, relying instead on presumed effects. This approach was largely driven by the necessity for rapid response from the medical community. However, the safety of many of these medications remains inadequately studied. Furthermore, when employing various groups of medications — ranging from antiviral agents to corticosteroids — it is crucial to consider potential interactions among different drugs to minimize risks for patients. This article presents the results of a retrospective study on the efficacy and side effects of the main groups of medications used in the treatment of COVID-19.

   The coronavirus disease pandemic 2019 (novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19) has attracted the attention of the medical community to new clinical and fundamental problems of human disease immunopathology. Despite the lifting of the international emergency regime and the announcement of the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) stressed the need to continue supporting scientific research to improve vaccines that help reduce the spread of the virus and have prospects for widespread use. This review presents the results of recent studies on the safety of vaccination against COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases (RD). In general, the frequency of exacerbation of RD after vaccination against COVID-19 seems to be quite low (5–10 %) and has no statistically significant associations with a specific vaccine or antirheumatic therapy. The prospects of using monoclonal antibodies for the purpose of pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 in patients with RD are outlined.

   The review summarizes current data from experimental and clinical studies on the properties of antibiotics from the point of view of neuropsychopharmacology. Against the background of pronounced antibiotic resistance, the side effects of such drugs are of potential interest. Therefore, the possibility of the latter influencing mental functions, cognitive status, nociceptive system, as well as their involvement in the development of sleep disorders, are of particular interest.