Антибиотикорезистентность. Вызов современности

Устойчивость к противомикробным препаратам рассматривается ВОЗ как одна из наиболее важных угроз общественному здоровью в двадцать первом веке. Согласно прогнозам, к 2025 г., многие антимикробные препараты первого ряда утратят свою эффективность и начнётся «пост-антибиотическая эра». К микроорганизмам, которые играют преимущественную роль в развитии инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи и приводящие к летальным последствиям, американским обществом инфекционных болезней отнесены Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. и представители рода Mycobacterium. В обзоре освещены механизмы антибиотикорезистентности и многие варианты противостояния микробов антибиотикам. Знание молекулярных механизмов формирования устойчивости микроорганизмов позволяет разработать стратегические направления её преодоления. Поиск новых путей предупреждения и преодоления формирования устойчивости возбудителей к антибиотикам является чрезвычайно важной задачей современной медицинской науки. Представлена эффективность гибридных антибиотиков, связанных с химическими соединениями, обладающих различным специфическим воздействием. Перспективным считается применение основного действующего фактора вируса бактерий — эндолизина как в чистом виде, так и в составе гомодимеров, например, лизобелка, представляющего собой комплекс эндолизина с иммуноглобулинами человека. Фаготерапия будущего — это персонализированная фаготерапия, требующая создания библиотеки или банка фагов.

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