Клиническая метагеномика — новый подход в диагностике инфекционных заболеваний человека

Несмотря на значительные успехи фундаментальных биологических и медицинских наук, инфекционные болезни остаются на глобальном уровне одной из ведущих причин смертей. Диагностика жизнеугрожающих состояний, таких как бактериемия, сепсис, менингит и энцефалит не редко ограничена низкой чувствительностью культурального метода. Использование ПЦР, как и разных серологических подходов, ограничено набором специфических праймеров, ДНК-зондов, антител и антигенов, которые специфичны только для узкого круга возможных потенциальных возбудителей. Точная и своевременная лабораторная диагностика инфекционных заболеваний имеет критическое значение. В последнее десятилетие сформировалось отдельное направление — клиническая метагеномика, как новый подход в медицинской микробиологии. Это диагностика без постановки клинической гипотезы (hypothesis free diagnostics), поскольку метод позволяет выявить потенциально любой патоген, в независимости от его биологической природы. В обзоре рассматриваются возможности и эффективность использования методов метагеномного секвенирования для идентификации бактериальных, вирусных, грибковых и паразитарных возбудителей инфекционных заболеваний человека.

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