Ассоциированная устойчивость к полимиксину и бета-лактамам Escherichia coli, выделенных от людей и животных

В исследование были включены изоляты Escherichia coli, выделенные из различных источников в период с 2018 по 2019 гг. Гены mcr-1 были обнаружены у двух из 105 штаммов, выделенных от животных (2%), и у семи из 928 штаммов, выделенных от человека (0,8%). Все mcr-1-положительные штаммы проявляли невысокий уровень устойчивости к колистину (МПК от 4 до 8 мкг/мл). Оба штамма, выделенные от животных сохраняли чувствительность к бета-лактамным антибиотикам и не содержали генов бета-лактамаз. Бета-лактамазы отсутствовали лишь у одного из штаммов, выделенных от человека. Четыре штамма проявляли устойчивость к цефалоспоринам при чувствительности к карбапенемам и несли гены бета-лактамаз расширенного спектра класса А (blaCTX-M-15 или blaCTX-M-1) или класса С (blaCMY-2). Один штамм демонстрировал устойчивость к цефалоспоринам и меропенему и содержал гены четырёх бета-лактамаз: blaNDM-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B и blaCMY-6. Лишь один штамм, выделенный от животных, сохранял чувствительность к ципрофлоксацину, все остальные проявляли высокий уровень устойчивости, у них были выявлены аминокислотные замены в генах ДНК-гираз либо мутации, приводящие к гиперэкспрессии гена mdfA. По уровню устойчивости к аминогликозидам штаммы варьировали в широких пределах и несли до четырёх генов аминогликозид-модифицирующих ферментов. Устойчивость к тигециклину проявлял один штамм, выделенный от человека, однако генов устойчивости к этому антибиотику обнаружено не было. Полученные данные обосновывают необходимость проведения расширенных исследований по молекулярной эпидемиологии ассоциированной резистентности к полимиксинам и бета-лактамам.

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