An RNA-containing virus of the Vesivirus genus Caliciviridae family causes feline calicivirosis, a disease widely spread worldwide. The literature describes a systemic form of infection leading to the death of up to 60% of sick animals (FCV-VSD). It is very important to find new chemicals that can effectively inhibit the process of reproduction of the virus due to the lack of means of etiotropic therapy for calicivirus infection in cats (as well as other mammals and humans). It is proposed to use artificial ribonuclease (mRNAse) - low molecular weight compounds capable of efficiently cleaving genomic RNA as antiviral drugs. Three new N,N'-bis-L-histidyl-diaminoalkanes were synthesized in the course of the work, the toxicity and antiviral activity of compounds against RNA-containing Feline Calicivirus (FCV) were studied. The greatest antiviral effect against FCV was shown by N,N'-bis-N^a-L-histtdyl-1,10-diaminodecane.

The aim of the study is to determine the effect of surfactants on the level of resistance of tularemia microbe to ß-lactam antibiotics (penicillins and cephalosporins). Material and methods. 26 strains of F.tularensis of the three main subspecies were used in the study. The effect of surfactants on the resistance of bacteria to ß-lactam antibiotics was studied by serial dilutions in a dense nutrient medium with and without subinhibitory concentrations of detergents. Results. It was shown that cationic and anionic detergents do not affect the resistance of F.tularensis to third generation cephalosporins. It was found for the first time that nonionic detergents significantly reduce the level of natural resistance of F.tularensis to cephalosporins (10-20 times). Moreover, all studied surfactants did not lead to a decrease in the resistance of the tularemia pathogen to ampicillin. An analysis of the results on the different effects of nonionic detergents on the resistance of the tularemia pathogen to penicillins and cephalosporins suggests that F.tularensis resistance to these antibiotics is formed by various mechanisms. The use of ceftazidime in combination with nonionic detergents in experimental tularemia in white mice led to an improvement in the effectiveness of etiotropic treatment of infection. Taking into account the urgency of improving the schemes of etiotropic therapy of infectious diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant forms of pathogens, it seems promising to continue the study in this direction.

The results of the experiments show that a nutrient medium with the methotrexate has influence both on generative and on somatic cells of drosophila, depending on the concentration of this drug in a medium. Moreover, the higher temperature during development of drosophila can increase toxic properties of a methotrexate, which was observed based on an analysis of fertility of the flies developing in the environment with addition of a methotrexate, but no negative cumulative effect of cytostatic and elevated temperature were found in relation to lethality rate of the offspring. A negative effect on viability indicators was also not registered with the combined effects of the cytostatic and low temperature.

Studies have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of Arbidol® in relation to the experimental form of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Syrian Golden hamster. It is shown that Arbidol® is most effective when used in therapeutic and prophylactic schemes. The coefficient of therapeutic action for virological, hematological and biochemical parameters was 57.5 and 65.0%, respectively (P<0.05 and P<0.01).

Monitoring of quantitative and qualitative properties ofmicroorganisms - pathogens ofwound infections - in a multidisciplinary hospital, carried out by the disco-diffusion method on a regular basis during the period from 2004 to 2018 allowed to build a short-term interval prognosis to identify the dominant pathogens. S.aureus, K.pneumoniae, P.aeruginosa, S.pyogenrs, and E.faecalis were the most important for determining the registry of potentially effective antimicrobial agents in the structure of wound pathogens. The affiliation of wound S.aureus to PRSA with a wide arsenal of possible effective agents for wound infections caused by this pathogen and a progressive decrease in the potential of cefoperazone/sulbactam and carbapenems against wound infections caused by K.pneumoniae and P.aeruginosa have been demonstrated. The feasibility of laboratory testing of the potential efficacy of cefepime/sulbactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, ticarcillin/clavulanate, netilmicin, tigecycline, and doripenem is justified. The need for vancomycin and linezolid for the treatment of patients with wound infections caused by MRSA and E.faecalis was determined.

The use of antibiotics is often associated with the development of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). It is known that amoxicillin/clavulanate (AMC) and macrolides can cause DILI. Case presentation. A 48-year-old female with severe type I diabetes mellitus and carbuncle of scalp was treated in outpatient department with azithromycin 1.0 g b.i.d. for 4.5 days (total course dose - 9.0 g; this case should be considered as inadvertent azithromycin overdose) and then with a standard dose of AMC (875/125 mg b.i.d.) for 32 days in the hospital. Clinical chemistry monitoring for more than two months did not reveal any signs of DILI. Conclusion. Despite the anticipated hepatic injury as consequence of significant azithromycin overdose and long-term (>30 days) standard dose AMC treatment no DILI developed. This case demonstrates that a genetic predisposition is necessary for the development of DILI in addition to the well-known risk factors such as dose and/or duration of treatment.

Stress is one of the reasons for the decrease in body resistance of young recruits in military personnel. A significant role of activation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) processes was established according to the results of complex studies of structural disorders of the lung tissue under the influence of stress factors. LPO is a free radical oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in biological systems, which is one of the main processes of causing damage to biological membranes and other components of the cell. The pathological effect of reactive oxygen species, hydroxyl, alkoxy, and other free radicals leads to a decrease in the amount of surfactant, pulmonary tissue edema, impaired microcirculation, reduction in the receptor mechanisms of the tracheobronchial tree cells, which ultimately leads to the disruption of the respiratory structure of the lungs and local resistance system. Antioxidants serve as the protective system of the body against LPO processes. They are a group of endogenous and exogenous biologically active substances that can block the action of reactive oxygen species. Studies have shown that the preventive introduction of antioxidants reduces the pathological effect of reactive oxygen species. For example, the introduction of a complex of substances such as a-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, as well as the complex preparation Cytoflavin®, helps to maintain the proper amount of surfactant, reduce pulmonary edema, and prevent microcirculation disorders. Thus, the preventive use of antioxidant drugs contributes to the development of pulmonoprotective action, preserving the activity of the local immunity system, which, in turn, leads to the prevention of the development of community-acquired pneumonia in military personnel undergoing a period of adaptation to military service.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the information database of periodicals and monographs on the efficacy and safety of metronidazole medications for external use in the process of local therapy of skin diseases in the Russian Federation. Material and methods. The review includes works of foreign and domestic researchers on the development and clinical use of metronidazole in modern medical practice. Results. Updated clinical and pharmaceutical characteristics of metronidazole preparations for systemic and topical use in diseases of the skin and soft tissues are considered. It has been established that the algorithm for the medicinal use of metronidazole in dermatology differs from that in surgery, therapy, obstetrics and gynecology, and pediatrics. Peculiarities of the modern interpretation of metronidazole mechanism of action as one of topical drugs in the treatment of acne and rosacea are noted. In these cases, metronidazole has an additional therapeutic effect due to mediated mechanisms that do not manifest with systemic use. Conclusion. Despite comprehensive information on the systemic effect of metronidazole, the etiopathogenetic and pharmaceutical features of the use of topical drugs in the treatment of acne and rosacea are not fully reflected in the domestic literature. The inexplicable therapeutic effect of topical preparations should be considered and analyzed in many respects beyond their antimicrobial activity. This is due to the fact that the alleged pathogenetic mechanisms and causes of a number of diseases in which the aforementioned drug is used are poorly studied or not known at all. The indicated features of the use of metronidazole topical preparations in dermatology require the continuation of clinical studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the drug, as well as the updating and harmonization of its clinical and pharmaceutical characteristics in the light of modern achievements in medical science.

In recent decades, a dangerous tendency has formed for the emergence and spread of strains of pathogenic bacteria resistant to modern antibiotics. This poses a threat not only to public health, but also to humanity as a whole. Marine bioresources are attracting increasing attention of researchers as a real alternative to traditional antibiotics and a valuable source of biologically active compounds with high pharmacological potential. Secondary metabolites, which are important metabolic products of marine microorganisms and possessing a broad spectrum of antibiotic activity, have attracted increasing attention in the last 10-15 years. These natural peptide substances play an important role in the physiology of bacteria, participating in inter- and intraspecific communication, reproduction, and competition for nutrients and space. It has been established that marine bacteria, like many human pathogens and commensals, use the complex mechanisms of non-ribosomal biosynthesis for the production of secondary metabolites, which ensures the extraordinary structural diversity of these natural protein substances, as well as a wide range of their pharmacological activity. Under the conditions of increasing global antibiotic resistance of infectious agents, secondary metabolites of marine bacteria are a valuable source for finding new antibiotic agents. The purpose of this review was to summarize current scientific data on the structure and pharmacological activity of secondary metabolites of marine bacteria, as well as on the non-ribosomal mechanisms of their biosynthesis, which are the new targets of antibacterial strategy.

The article describes different generations of antisense oligonucleotids (unmodified oligonucleotids, phosphorothioate oligomers, 2’-0-methyl and 2’-0-methoxy-ethyl modification of oligomers, phosphordiamidate morpholine oligomers and small interfering RNAs), the possible mechanism of their action, their use for prevention and treatment of hazardous and extremely hazardous viral infectious diseases. Phosphordiamidate morpholine oligomers and small interfering RNAs are most widely used in the development of emergency prevention and treatment of hazardous and extremely hazardous viral infectious diseases. The authors conclude, that further improvement of medications based on antisense oligonucleotids may be achieved by improving the structure of the latter and carrying out the search for new chemical modifications.

The review presents data on the role of succinates in critically ill patients with hypoxia, the mechanisms of action of succinates at the cellular level, and their place in the treatment regimens. The different points of view on the effect of succinates on inflammatory processes are listed. In conclusion, it is indicated that succinates should be administered in a timely manner (during the period of early adaptation to hypoxia) and in appropriate doses in order to obtain their maximum positive effect; the conditions should be created for them to accomplish the set task - elimination of mitochondrial dysfunction and restoration of oxidative phosphorylation.

Acute cystitis is observed in 1-4% of pregnant women and is potentially dangerous for their health, pregnancy outcomes, and fetal condition. Women with a history of urinary tract infections are especially predisposed to acute cystitis during pregnancy. The article presents approaches to antimicrobial therapy in this category of patients taking into account modern data on resistance of bacteria to various antibiotics. The article emphasizes the expediency of screening, as well as timely diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria based on data on regional and local antibiotic resistance of uropathogens to improve the results of therapy of acute cystitis in pregnant women.

The article highlights current issues of classification, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment of mycoplasma infection of the urogenital tract (M.hominis, U.urealyticum). Authors present the data on the role of infection in the development of nongonococcal urethritis and infertility in men, as well as impaired reproductive function and adverse pregnancy outcomes in women. The article describes indications and laboratory diagnostic methods and lists the criteria for the appointment of antibiotic therapy, as well as the most preferred drugs.