Changes in the fermentative activity of Streptomyces imbricatus under the conditions of stimulated biosynthesis of imbricin with addition of a crude endoregulator to the medium were studied. The activity of the two main enzymes of the glycolysis, i. e. phosphofructokinase and fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase (aldolase) was determined and the functioning of the pentozophosphate pathway was estimated by the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase. Under the conditions of the endoregulation the increase of the imbricin production was observed when the level of the glucose catabolism either by the glycolytic pathway or by the pentozophosphate pathway was comparatively high, thus providing the antibiotic biosynthesis with the required precursors and reducing equivalents.

The protective activity of Ingavirin® against experimental infection caused by influenza B virus was studied on albino mice vs. Arbidol®. Oral use of Ingavirin® was shown to decrease the infectious titers of the virus in the animal lung tissue, to normalize the body weight dynamics, to lower the mortality and to increase the average lifespan vs. the placebo-treated animals. The activity of Ingavirin^® was higher than that of the reference drug. The results allowed to consider Ingavirin^® as a prospective agent for the treatment of influenza infection in humans.

Ingavirin® was shown to be efficient in inhibition of the influenza virus strains A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)v, A/California/07/2009 (H1N1)v, A/Moscow/225/2009 (H1N1)v and A/Moscow/226/2009 (H1N1)v, as well as the strains A/Chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1) and A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) in the MDCK cell culture. The hemagglutinin and cytopathic activity of the influenza virus strains decreased at entering Ingavirin® in vitro.

The virucide activity of Monclavit-1 against the influenza virus A/Chicken/Kurgan/2/Russia/05 (H5N1) was investigated in the MDCK cell culture. It was shown that at a temperature of 14.0±1.0°C Monclavit-1 in a 20-fold dilution within an hour inactivated the cytopathic activity of the virus and the specific hemagglutinin generation by 100 and 87.5% respectively. In a 40-fold dilution it inactivated at the average by 50% both the cytopathic activity and the specific hemagglutinin generation. In an 80-fold dilution it inactivated the cytopathic activity at the average by 20%. In a 160-fold dilution it did not inactivate the pathogen. At a temperature of 25.0±1.0°C Monclavit-1 inactivated the influenza virus A/Chicken/Kurgan/2/Russia/05 (H5N1) by 90.0% only in the highest concentration.

Clinical trials of tabletted pox vaccine revealed development of tonsillitis as a postvaccinal reaction in some volunteers: ulceronecrotic lesions in the tonsils, lymphadenitis, hyperthermia and asthenia. The main cause of the local inflammatory reactions was activation of the host opportunistic microflora including hemolytic streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. For the treatment of the infectious complications systemic antimicrobials, such as benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefazolin and fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) in combination with the symptomatic therapy were used. The treatment course of 9 days provided complete elimination of the postvaccinal reactions, the specific antibody generation being not affected.

The review deals with cyclodepsipeptides produced by hyphomycetes. The cyclodepsipeptide compounds are prospective new agents for the treatment of diseases of the infectious and pathophysiologic nature.

The aspects of virus hepatitis C immunopathogenesis are discussed. The main attention is paid to higher production of Th1 cytokines providing active protection of the host from HCV. The up-to-date approaches to the therapy of chronic hepatitis C, described in the literature and the original ones, including the triple therapy with immunomodulators of various mechanisms of action, i.e. cycloferon (injections and tablets), galavit and derinat are presented. The comparative efficacy of the therapy is estimated. Cycloferon is shown to be the drug of choice in the treatment of patients with virus hepatitis addicted to narcotics. The clinical and laboratory efficacy of the metabolic hepatoprotector remaxol with antioxidant activity is described. Its high effictivity and satisfactory tolerability (side effects requiring discontinuation of the drug use were recorded only in 0.3% of the cases), as well as the minimal risk of no biochemical remission after its use allow to conseder remaxol as a highly efficient metabolic hepatoprotector for pathogenetic therapy of chronic hepatitis.