Under the screening programme for antibiotics with antifungal and immunosuppressive activities, Streptomyces virginiae 17 producing an oligomycin complex was isolated. Separation of the complex by HPLC showed that it contained two components at a ratio of 8:2. The physico-chemical characteristics of the components were investigated. The structure of oligomycin was assessed by¹³C NMR and¹H NMR.

The study of the toxicity of triazavirin, a new antiinfluenza agent, showed that the maximum concentration of the drug, inducing no microscopically visible changes in the structure of the monolayer and the cells of the MDCK and SKEV cell cultures, was 128 and 100 mcg/ml respectively. The maximum drug dose for single intraperitoneal administration inducing no signs of acute intoxication in albino mice weighing 10-12 g was 1000 mg/kg. In investigation of the chronic toxicity it was shown that oral administration of the drug (by 0.05 ml) to the albino mice in a dose of 200 mg/kg (maximum possible concentration by the solubility) daily for 10 days was well tolerated by the laboratory animals. The maximum tolerable dose of triazavirin for the albino mice was ≥200 mg/kg.

Glanders is a zoonotic infection inducing acute forms of the disease (pneumonia, sepsis) in humans and animals under certain conditions, which even with the use of modern chemotherapy have unfavourable prognosis. Insufficient of efficacy of antibiotics with in vitro low MIC for planktonic bacterial suspension of Burkholderia mallei in chemotherapy of acute forms of glanders was due to the capacity of the pathogen for intracellular survival and formation of biofilms. Under such conditions the susceptibility of B.mallei to antibiotics lowered by several orders of magnitude. Chemotherapy of the glanders acute forms in animals usually provided only an increase of the lifespan, while among the survivors there was recorded a high relapse rate. More favourable outcomes were observed with the use of in vitro effective antibiotics in the form of clathrate compounds or especially liposomal forms. In the experiments with golden hamsters the survival rate reached 100% in 1000 Dlm infection even with the treatment onset by meropenem liposomal form 48 hours after the infection. Chemotherapeutics in the liposomal form significantly lowered resistance of B.mallei in both the experiments with a suspension of planktonic organisms and the use of bacteria interned in eukaryotic cells (Tetrahymena pyriformis).

Antituberculosis properties of methyldioxotetrahydropyrimidine sulfonisonicotinoyl hydrazide (MSH) registered in Russia under the name of tubosan of the class of immunotropic agents were investigated with the use of 78 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT). In concentration of 60 or 80 mcg/ml the drug showed significant antituberculosis activity. The effect of MSH on drug susceptible MBT was bactericidal. The effect of MSH on the drug resistant MBT (with the isoniazid MIC of 1 mcg/ml) was bactericidal in 75% of the cases and bacteriostatic in 25% of the cases. With the use of MBT resistant to isoniazid in a concentration of 10 mcg/ml the antituberculosis effect was observed in 47% of the cases. The complex treatment of 102 patients with destructive forms of tuberculosis in a daily dose of 800-1200 mg for 2-5 months provided significant clinicoroentgenologic positive dynamics of the process in 75% of the patients. The destructive cavities closed up in 30% of the patients and reduction of the destruction dimentions up to 0.5-2 cm was stated in 45% of the patients. In the control group of 40 patients insignificant dynamics of the destructive processes was observed only in 40% of the patients. Satisfactory tolerability of the drug was registered. The immunity status parameters improved with increase of the total number of T-lymphocytes and phagocytosis indices. The study showed that MSH was efficient in complex therapy of tuberculosis patients allow for increased number of cases with drug resistant tuberculosis.

The aim of the study was to investigate the role of immune disturbances in development of postnecrotic pseudocysts of the pancreas. 94 patients including 74 with postnecrotic pancreatitis and pseudocysts of the pancreas were observed. The adaptive reactions and subpopulation composition of the peripheral blood lymphocytes were assayed. The percentage of the cells in the state of apoptosis in the cyst content was estimated. The disturbances in the subpopulation composition of the lymphocytes and stress adaptive reactions of the blood system were shown to be some of the main pathogenetic factors in development of postnecrotic complications of pancreatitis. The data are useful in differential diagnosis of pseudocysts and choice of the optimal tactics in the operative treatment of such patients.

Two hundred fifty patients, including 100 children with frequent and prolonged diseases at the age of 4 to 7 years, 76 children at the age of 7 to 18 years and 74 subjects at the age of 22 to 57 years were observed. The patients were treated with cycloferon in two courses with a 2-week interval according to the standard scheme. The tonsil surface microflora and its susceptibility to antibiotics were determined. Cycloferon lowered the Staphylococcus aureus titre and increased the culture susceptibility to benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, rifampicin, and erythromycin, reducing the variety of the fauces nonpathogenic microflora. The use of cycloferon induced no adverse (pathologic) reactions in 94.8% of the cases. In 4.4% of the children under school age the adverse reactions were transitory and did not require discontinuation of the drug use. Unforeseen reactions were recorded in 0.8% of the children and the use of the drug in them was discontinued. The use of cycloferon in two courses with a 2-week interval according to the standard scheme is recommended for prophylaxis of acute respiratory diseases in the group of children with frequent and prolonged diseases during epidemiologically unfavourable periods and for complex therapy of rhinopharinx infections as an agent increasing efficacy of other antibacterials.

The available drugs for the treatment of chronic liver affections (the adequate model is chronic hepatitis C) include agents of metabolic therapy, whose efficacy is not always enough, that required the search for original mitochondrial substrates on the basis of succinate. Such agents were composed as a pharmaceutical group named «Substrates of Energetic Metabolism» or «Substrate Antihypoxants». The review presents the description of the pharmacological effects of remaxole and cytoflavin, evident from lower levels of active metabolites of oxygen that increases the clinical efficacy of the therapy. Their role in the metabolic reactions in chronic liver affections is exclusive and rather actual.