The Effectiveness of Various Antibacterial Therapy Regimens for Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Patients in the Northwestern Federal District, and Factors Influencing It

The relevance of the study is determined by the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Russia (50-80% of the population) and the growing problem of antibiotic resistance, which requires constant monitoring of the effectiveness of various eradication therapy regimens.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various antibacterial therapy regimens for H. pylori eradication in patients of the North-Western Federal District, as well as to identify factors influencing the success of the treatment.

Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 201 medical histories of patients with H. pylori-associated diseases was conducted. The following methods were used: video gastroduodenoscopy, rapid urease test, histological biopsy specimens, and ¹³C-urea breath test. Statistical processing was performed using the R software environment.

The study results showed an 86.6% overall eradication therapy effectiveness. The best results were demonstrated by regimens containing levofloxacin (96.7%), with the combination of levofloxacin and furazolidone showing 100% effectiveness. A positive impact was observed with double-dose esomeprazole (95.1% effectiveness) and alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan (95.2% effectiveness). Probiotic use did not show statistically significant influence on the outcome. A decrease in the effectiveness of the classical regimen with amoxicillin and clarithromycin to 85.2% was revealed, which may be associated with widespread antibiotic therapy during COVID-19. The practical significance of this study lies in determining the most effective eradication therapy regimens for the region, as well as identifying factors that enhance treatment success. The results can be used to optimize approaches to H. pylori infection therapy.

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