The study shows the possibility of rapid analysis of bacterial sensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics on the example of ampi-clllln by using a piezoelectric resonator with a lateral electric field. It is established that the indicator of the sensitivity of microbial cells to the antibiotic and the criterion of its impact is the difference between the recorded sensor signal for cell suspension without the antibiotic and the sensor signal after the exposure to an antibiotic. The data obtained using the sensor confirmed the standard microbiological method for determining the sensitivity of microbial cells to ampicillin. The analysis of microbial cell sensitivity/resistance to ampicillin was carried out directly in the liquid phase without immobilizing the antibiotic on the surface of the piezoelectric. The advantages of this approach are high sensitivity of the method, measurement accuracy (within ± 2%) and short analysis time (within 10 minutes). The results show the benefits of using a piezoelectric resonator with a transverse electric field for analyzing the sensitivity/resistance of microbial cells to ampi-cillin.

The experiment on guinea pigs shows that Ingavirin, when administered orally in a single dose of 15 mg/kg on the 4 th day after vaccination with TEOVac, reduces accumulation of vaccine virus in organs and tissues of animals without affecting the immunogenicity of the vaccine. This efficacy is less pronounced when it is used together with TEOVac. When administered three times orally on days 6, 7, and 8 after immunization, Ingavirin reduces the level of vaccine virus in the blood, liver, and oral mucosa by a factor of 2 or more. Ingavirin is almost as effective as Arbidol, but less effective than Ridostin. These data indirectly indicate the possibility of using ingavirin along with ridostin to prevent post-vaccination reactions during immunization with TEOVac, and also give grounds to consider ridostin, ingavirin, and arbidol as a means of treating post-vaccination reactions.

The study examined the qualitative and quantitative composition of the parietal and cavity bacterial flora of the large intestine under the influence of ceftriaxone in the dynamics of a monthly animal experiment. The study was conducted on Wistar rats, divided into two groups. Control group (n=50): 1.0 ml of saline solution was injected intramuscularly into animals daily for 10 days. Test group (n=50): ceftriaxone 15 mg/kg/day was intramuscularly injected to animals daily for 10 days. Intestinal contents from the distal third of the colon were used to carry out bacteriological analysis. The studied material was put on nutrient media for the isolation of non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria - NGOB (including pseudomonads), enterobacteria, bifidobacteria, lactobacteria, clostridia, escherichia, enterococci, staphylococci, yeast-like fungi. From the diagnostic point of view, the cavity microflora undergoes more pronounced qualitative and quantitative changes, which do not allow extrapolating the results of microbiological analysis of the cavity microflora to the parietal one unequivocally. As it was established in the study, the presence of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms in the abdominal microflora does not indicate the presence of these representatives of the microflora in the parietal layer.

Objective: to establish the role of antihypoxant/antioxidant therapy in prevention of adverse perinatal outcomes in premature infants with extremely low body mass using mathematical modeling as a basis. A catamnestic study of the complex therapy outcomes in 447 extremely low birth weight newborns who received treatment at the 2^nd stage of nursing was carried out using the data from patients' anamnesis for 2010-2015. Results: based on the mathematical modeling of the outcomes with a combination of the used volume of drugs, we predicted a 20% decrease in the number of nosological forms in 100% application of cytoflavin in the complex therapy of extremely low birth weight infants. Conclusions: the obtained results confirm the possibility of inclusion of drugs with an antihypoxant/antioxidant mechanism of action in the complex therapy of neonatal conditions in extremely low birth weight infants.

Objective: to investigate the dynamics of indicators of oxidative stress in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) accompanied by impaired liver function at different stages of the disease against the background of basic therapy and using Remaxol®. Materials and methods: 67 patients suffering from hemorrhagic fever with moderate renal syndrome were examined: 35 patients of the comparison group received basic therapy, 32 patients of the main group received Remaxol® intravenously, 400 ml 1 time per day, for 10 days, as part of pathogenetic therapy. Results: One of the most important pathogenetic links in HFRS with impaired liver function is the development of oxidative stress. The imbalance in the prooxidant and antioxidant systems persists during the period of clinical recovery and is manifested by an increase in the activity of lipid peroxidation and suppression of antioxidant protection. The presence of hepatic dysfunction aggravates the pathological process, delays patients' recovery and requires not only detoxification and antioxidant use, but also appointment of hepatoprotective agents. Inclusion of Remaxol® in therapy led to a decrease in the severity of clinical symptoms of the disease, hepatic dysfunction (decrease in the activity of the cytolytic syndrome - ALT and AST), shortened the oliguric and polyuric periods of the disease, and contributed to the correction of both primary and secondary products of peroxide homeostasis: diene conjugates, diene cetons, diene kettes. malondialde-hyde plasma, and erythrocytes. Combined therapy increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes - superoxide dismutase, catalase of plasma and erythrocytes. Conclusion: impaired liver function, as well as normalization of the studied indicators of oxidative stress, do not occur during the period of clinical recovery from HFRS. This justifies the need for pharmacological correction of peroxide homeostasis by additional introduction of detoxifying, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective agents to the complex therapy. The use of Remaxol® in the pathogenetic therapy of patients with HFRS reduces the severity of the clinical symptoms of intoxication syndrome, lipid peroxidation processes, the restoration of the body's antioxidant potential, and exerts a hepatotropic effect. Its inclusion in the treatment of HFRS should be considered pathogenetically justified and recommended in clinical practice.

The article presents an overview of the data of foreign and domestic literature, as well as the authors' own research on the problem of vaccination of the adult population against pneumococcal infection. The need to expand vaccination coverage against adult pneumococcal infection among atrisk populations was identified. The strategy and tactics of vaccination of the adult population against pneumococcal infection have been scientifically justified.

The publication analyses the data on the etiology of acute bronchitis, the possibilities of determining the C-reactive protein in the disease, and the study of the clinical efficacy of the use of endogenous interferon inducers during the treatment of acute bronchitis. Acute bronchitis is a disease of predominantly viral etiology (influenza and parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, and combinations of various viruses). The presented results demonstrate the high practicability of acute bronchitis treatment with Kagocel® in comparison with the actual practice of pharmacotherapy.

The problem of comorbid infections (CI) still retains Its significance in modern rheumatology. It has significantly increased due to the introduction of genetically engineered biological products (GIBP) into practice, the use of which is associated with the growing risk of developing CIs of various nature and localization, including opportunistic (invasive mycoses, pneumonia, etc.) and an increased risk of reactivation of latent infections, primarily tuberculosis (TB). In addition, cases of severe infections (pneumonia, sepsis, bacterial arthritis, skin and soft tissue damage, etc.), including fatal cases, are recorded. This review analyzes the literature data, mainly of the last 5 years, concerning the frequency of occurrence and localization of infections in patients with rheumato-logic profile, including during treatment with GIBP. Various infections (TB, pneumonia, chronic viral hepatitis, herpes viral infections, etc.) are characterized by the importance in the tactics of treatment of these patients. The need for wider use of immunization with various vaccines (primarily against influenza and pneumococcal infection) of patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases is emphasized.

The introduction of innovative products obtained using genetic engineering methods into clinical practice ensures the development of such a modern biomedicine area as gene therapy for, primarily, oncological, genetic, orphan diseases and other life threatening conditions, which have no effective treatment at present. Gene therapy is a combination of methods aimed at modifying patient's genetic material: outside the body (ex vivo gene therapy) or when the genetic engineered construct is introduced directly into the human body (in vivo gene therapy). In the legislation of most countries (USA, European Union, Japan, South Korea), products for gene therapy are regulated as biological drugs, whereas in the Russian Federation products for gene therapy in vivo are considered as biological drugs, and for ex vivo therapy - as biomedical cell products. Nowadays, more than 2,800 clinical trials of drugs for gene therapy have been conducted in the world. Regulators authorized 9 drugs for medical use, among which are the drugs for adoptive immunotherapy of blood cancer (Kymriah, Novartis; Yescarta, Kite Pharma, Gilead) based on chimeric antigen receptor technology for patients not responding to standard treatment methods. Development and marketing authorization of the drug Strimvelis (GSK) in the EU is a significant event in gene therapy. Strimvelis is used for the treatment of a genetic disease associated with mutation in the adenosine deaminase gene and leading to severe combined immunodeficiency. In the Russian Federation, to date, only one gene therapy drug, Neovasculgen (JSC Human Stem Cell Institute), based on plasmid DNA, for the treatment of atherosclerotic lower limb ischemia, has been included in the State Register of Medicines (since 2011). This review describes the experience of using drugs for gene therapy in international clinical practice, as well as the mechanisms for their marketing support after authorization by foreign regulatory authorities.