Comparative investigation of the virus-inhibiting activity of some boron-containing compounds showed that products BG 12 and BG 4 had the highest inhibitory effect on pandemic viruses. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the products was 0.1 mcg/ml. The use of liposomes loaded with BG 12 molecules in the optimal concentration (0.1 mcg/ml) resulted in inhibition of the avian plague virus growth in the MDCK cells. Possible design of efficient drugs for antiviral protection based on the complexes liposomes - boron-containing compounds is discussed.

Analysis of the efficacy of Grippferon vs. the reference drugs Realdiron and Reaferon-EC against the influenza virus A(H1N1)/2009 in susceptible static cell cultures showed that in the concentrations tested it was efficient in inhibition of the virus cytopathic activity and generation of specific hemagglutinin.

Large-scale antipneumococcal vaccination is followed by changes in the serotype composition and level of antibiotic resistance in pneumococci. The aim of the study was to evaluate the serotype composition and population pattern of pneumococci with lower susceptibility to penicillin before large-scale antipneumococcal vaccination. Among 260 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated in the Russian Federation within 2003-2007, serotypes 23F (37.2%) and 19F (13.9%) were the most frequent ones. 19.3% of the isolates belonged to serogroup 6, 3.6% of the isolates each belonged to serotype 3 and serogroup 18, 4.9% of the isolates belonged to serotype 14 and 2.2% of the isolates belonged to serotype 19A. 66.8% of the isolates belonged to serotypes of the 7-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine, 67.3 and 82.1% of the isolates belonged to the 10- and 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccines respectively. The isolates with lower susceptibility to penicillin were characterized by significant clonality and 56.9% of them belonged to 4 global clonal complexes (CC81, CC156, CC320 and CC315). Inclusion of the conjugated antipneumococcal vaccine to the National Vaccination Time-Table of the Russian Federation could promote lower levels of antibiotic resistance in pneumococci.

The data on the microbiological investigation of clinical materials from patients with complicated skin and soft tissue infections in 6 European countries were analysed. The analysis of the bacterial pathogens spectrum provided the microbial view and efficient use of novel antimicrobials in clinical trials.

The microbiological tests of 769 blood samples from 220 patients, treated in 4 intensive care units of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medical Service within a period from January 2009 to June 2010, were analysed. Etiologically significant microorganisms were detected in 323 samples (42%). 253 isolates were used in the analysis. Grampositive and gramnegative pathogens were detected in 47 and 42% of the cases respectively. Candida and anaerobic organisms were isolated in 8 and 3% of the cases respectively. Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci were isolated in 24 and 15% of the cases respectively. Nonfermenting gramnegative bacteria and enterobacteria were revealed in 25 and 17% of the cases respectively. Differences in the spectrum of the sepsis pathogens depending on the patients contingent were shown. The maximum summary susceptibility of the grampositive cocci was observed with respect to vancomycin and linezolid and that of the gramnegative bacteria was stated with respect to imipenem and meropenem.

The dynamics of isolation of staphylococci and enterococci from clinical material of patients and their antibiotic susceptibility within a 5-year period (2005-2009) was analysed. 5990 isolates were tested: 1250 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, 3268 isolates of S.epidermidis, 1005 isolates of Enterococcus faecalis and 467 isolates of E.faecium. Grampositive infections were shown to be prevailing within the last 2-3 years, the nosocomial epidermal staphylococci more and more replacing S.aureus (the ratio of S.epidermidis and S.aureus in 2009 was 3.3). The isolation rate of E.faecalis significantly increased (by 3.5 times) and the ratio of E.faecalis and E.faecium in 2009 was 4.3. The microflora composition with respect to the isolation source was analysed and its clinical significance was estimated. The study of the antibiotic susceptibility showed that oxacillin had its own specific niche, while antibiotics active against resistant grampositive cocci, such as rifampicin, fusidic acid, fluoroquinolones (moxifloxacin), cefoxitin, as well as amoxicillin/clavulane in infections due to E.faecalis, might be considered as the drugs of choice. In the treatment of nosocomial infections, when the etiological role of MRSA or VRE is suspected or confirmed, the complex therapy should obligatory include the most active antibiotics (vancomycin or linezolid among them).

Mucous membrane of the gastroduodenal region of 104 patients with different pathologies (gastritis and erosive ulcerative alterations) was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Examination of the biopsy material revealed frequent occurrence of pathogenic strains of Helicobacter pylori (up to 80%) and Herpesviridae (EBV, HHV 6, HHV 7, HHV 8) in various combinations. In such cases it is necessary to use adequate antibacterial and antiviral therapy with individual choice of immunomodulators.

Characteristics of the clinical process and immunological profile in children with yersiniosis as a monoinfection or in association with acute intenstinal infections and virus hepatitis A are presented. The efficacy of the immunotropic therapy with cycloferon, an interferon inductor, and recombinant interferon in the patients with the viral and bacterial association of the disease (yersiniosis + hepatitis A) and initial disbalance of the serum cytokines was estimated. Dependence of the interferon clinicolaboratory efficacy on the initial levels of serum γ-interferon, IL2 and IL4, promoting shorter terms of hyperthermia, diarrhea syndrome and cytolysis syndrome was shown. It allowed to optimize the scheme of the pathogenetic therapy of Yersinia mixed infection.

Clinical and immunological parameters in the children with perinatal HIV infection were investigated in the dynamics of the longterm prospective observation. It was revealed, that all the HIV infected children had clinical signs of immunodeficiency and laboratory signs of combined damage of the immune system. The complex of therapeutic measures, including antiretroviral therapy, prevention of opportunistic and acute respiratory infections, rational immunotherapy to stimulate production of endogenous interferon and normalization of the balance of cytokines significantly reduced the frequency of the clinical manifestations of the infectious syndrome and improved the patients resistance to infections.

Clinical efficacy of combined therapy including the use of rifaximin and L-ornithin-l-aspartate , as well as the dynamics of the biochemical indices, the manifestation levels of portal-systemic-encephalopathy and intestinal microbiocynosis were investigated in patients with chronic cardiac insufficiency of ischemic genesis and hobnail liver. The combined therapy resulted in improvement of the patients clinical state, lower levels of the portal-systemic encephalopathy manifectation by decreasing hyperammonium, normalization of the large intestine microflora, and blood serum biochemical parameters.