The effect of L-lysine-α-oxidase from Trichoderma harzianum Rifai on the functional activity of T-lymphocytes was investigated. It was shown that in a dose of 35 units/kg administered parentally the enzyme had no suppressive effect on the T-lymphocyte functional activity. An inhibitory effect of L-lysine-α-oxidase on some indices of the macrophages functional activity was observed. L-Lyzine-α-oxidase had a selective lymphotropic action and showed no mytostatic activity, which is in favour of the enzyme vs. other antitumor agents.

The spread of aminoglycoside resistance phenotype and respective genetic resistance determinants was evaluated in 243 Salmonella strains isolated within 1948-2010 and stored in the Culture Collection of the Russian State Research Institute for Control, Standardization and Certification of Veterinary Preparations (Moscow). The Salmonella strains showed resistance to streptomycin and gentamicin in 3.7% (n=9) and 0.8% (n=2) of the isolates respectively. Intermediate resistance to streptomycin was recorded in 9.9% (n=24) of the isolates. To detect the genes responsible for the aminoglycoside resistance, primers for aadAl, aadA2, aadB, aphAl, aphA3, sat, strA, strB, aphA, aacC, rmtB, armA and rpsL genes amplification and sequencing were designed. The strains with lower susceptibility to streptomycin harbored aadAl, aadA2, strA, strB resistance genes encoding enzymes for aminoglicoside modification and rpsL mutant allele (K42N, G91D). Genetic mechanisms able to explain the gentamicin resistance development were not detected. Some strains carried genetic markers of streptomycine resistance but had no clinically sufficient resistance to it. In this regard, genetic testing is essential for prevention of drug resistance spreading due to horizontal transfer of genes in microbial population.

The therapeutic efficacy of enterocin S760, a broad spectrum antimicrobial peptide produced by Enterococcus faecium LWP760 was tested on mice infected with Bacillus anthracis M-71 to induce anthrax (second Tsenkovsky's vaccine). Intraperitoneal four-, two- or one-fold administration of the peptide in a dose of 25 mg/kg for 10 days for prophylactic (1 hour after the contamination) and therapeutic (24 hours after the contamination) purposes prevented or cured the infection in 90-100% of the mice versus the 100-percent lethality in the control (untreated animals). The antimicrobial activity of enterocin S760 against B.anthracis M-71 in vivo correlated with activity in vitro. Enterocin S760 is considered a novel promising antimicrobial for the treatment of grampositive and gramnegative infections.

The experiments on guinea pigs showed that arbidol administered orally in a single dose 24 hours prior vaccination with TEOVAC and ridostin administered in a single dose intranasally on the 4^th day after the vaccination lowered the vaccine virus accumulation in the animal organs and tissue without any effect on the vaccine immunogeneity. The results are someway indicative of the possible use of the interferon inductors for prevention of postvaccinal reactions to TEOVAC.

The therapeutic efficacy and tolerance of ergoferon, an antiviral medication combining anti-inflammatory and antihistaminic actions were estimated in the treatment of adult patients with influenza and acute respiratory viral infection. Ergoferon was shown to stimulate production of endogenous interferon-α and interferon-γ and to normalize the T-lymphocyte subpopulation composition and histamine level, that made it possible to lower the time of the disease clinical signs development and to prevent typical complications and chronic somatic pathology exacerbation.

In vitro activity of interferon-α-2b in combination with various antioxidants against the influenza virus and Herpes simplex was studied. The standard strains and a clinical strain of Herpes simplex isolated from a patient with resistance to acyclovir were used. The in vitro studie showed that antioxidants, such as alpho-tocoferol acetate (vitamin E), Unithiol and ascorbic acid had a significant antiinfluenzae and antiherpetic action on the influenza virus A/H5N1 and Herpes simplex variants. They protected up to 100% of the cell monolayer from the virus cytopathic effect. The taurin solutions had no antiviral activity irrespective of the infection dose. Combinations of interferon-α-2b with alpha-tocopherol acetate (vitamin E), Unithiol or ascorbic acid showed a significant synergistic effect: the antiviral activity of interferon increased several times. The antiinfluenza activity of interferon-a-2b in the presence of various concentrations of taurin did not change.

One hundred twenty six children at the age of 4 to 7 years with infectious mononucleosis were observed. The subjects under the complex therapy were treated with cycloferon suppositoria (1st group), intramuscular cycloferon (2nd group) or placebo (3rd group). The results demonstrated similar therapeutic efficacy of the parenteral cycloferon and rectal suppositoria (a novel cycloferon formulation).

The results of the cycloferon use in therapy of 80 children at the age of 1 to 15 years with infectious mononucleosis are presented. The children were divided by chance sampling into two comparable groups of 40 subjects each. In the first group the children in addition to the standard therapy were treated with cycloferon for 10 days, intramuscularly or orally depending on the age. The reference group included the patients under the standard therapy alone. The efficacy of the drug was evaluated by reduction and more rapid disappearance of the main clinical symptoms of the disease. The improvement of certain laboratory indices, including those of the liver protein synthesis function were recorded, that allowed to reduce the hospitalization term. No side effects of the cycloferon use were observed.

The results of the in vitro studies on the efficacy of medical nonspecific protective agents from various pharmacological groups showed that some drugs, such as velferon, alferon, betaferon, ribavirin and lopinavir were active against TOPC virus, that permitted to recommend them for estimation of their activity on laboratory animals. The data on the in vivo activity of pharmacological drugs with respect to TOPC virus are rather scanty and it is difficult to predetermine their efficacy. The danger of TOPC virus latent circulation among wild animals in China requires research of new efficient medical agents for protection of the people from the pathogen in the Russian Federation.