The kinetics and stoichiometry of S-oxidation of semisynthetic penicillins (amoxicillin trihydrate, ampicillin trihydrate, sodium salt of oxacillin and ticarcillin disodium salt) by potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate in aqueous solutions at pH 3-6 was studied by iodometric titration: 1 mol of KNSO₅ per 1 mol of penicillin, the quantitative interaction is achieved in 1 min (time of observation). A unified method was developed and the possibility of quantification of penicillins by the iodometric method using potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate as an analytical reagent was shown.

The immunomodulatory activity of peptide drugs: i.e. tinrostim (dosage form) prepared of squid optical ganglia and pharmacopoeia thymalin was studied. Tinrostim showed a stimulating effect on the humoral and cellular immune responses when administered parenterally in experimental animals, as well as on the phagocytic activity of neutrophils, comparable to the effect of thymalin. It was demonstrated that both the peptide drugs increased the production ofpro-(TNFα, IL-1) and antiinflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in the culture of intact cells of peripheral blood in vitro. It is essential that when tinrostim was used in 10-fold different doses (0.005 mg / kg and 0.05 mg / kg) in mice, the effect of the lower dose was comparable to the effect of the higher dose.

Ninety four infants were observed as inpatients. Thirty nine of them were mature neonates and 55 were premature infants with a very low body weight. The majority of the patients were treated with antibiotics. The mature infants were treated with penicillins, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins and the premature neonates were treated in addition with carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides. The mature infants were randomized into 2 groups: the control group (n=18) received the standard therapy and the main group (n=21) in addition received 1 ml of liquid probiotic Enterococcus faecium L3 (with a titer of 5X10⁸ CFU/ml) 2 times a day for 10 days. The premature newborn infants were also randomized into 2 groups. The control group (n=26) received the standard therapy. The main group (n=29) additionally received 1 ml of liquid probiotic E.faecium L3 2 times a day for 10 days. The effectiveness of the therapy in the mature neonates was evaluated by the frequency of dyspeptic disorders and in the premature infants by the frequency of infectious complications and the episodes of food intolerance. The intestinal microbiota of the infants was investigated by the real-time PCR and bacteriological analyses of the feces: in the mature infants on admission to the hospital and 10 days after the treatment (periods 1-2), in the premature infants on admission to the hospital and then twice with an interval of 14 days (periods 1-2-3). It was shown that the use of the probiotic strain E.faecium L3 during the antibiotic therapy in the premature infants promoted significant reduction in the frequency of infectious complications. In the mature neonates the probiotic therapy reduced the risk of dyspeptic disorders. The studies showed reduction in persistence of Clostridium difficile in the intestinal microbiota of the newborn infants receiving the antibiotic therapy in combination with probiotic E.faecium L3, that was accompanied by preserving and growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and reduction of the number of opportunistic microorganisms.

Children with frequent recurrent acute respiratory infections represent an actual medical and social problem. Frequent respiratory infections provoke the host lower immunity, disturbance of the compensatory-adaptative mechanisms, impairment of the physical and neuropsychic development of the child, the social disadaptation, chronic pathologic processes in the respiratory organs. High efficacy of cycloferon in correction of the immune and interferon responses in the frequently ill children was noted.

Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from new cases registered during a period from 2007 to 2012 was estimated. High rate of the M.tuberculosis multiple drug resistance increase was observed: from 28% in 2007 to 64% in 2012. Low efficacy of the treatment of such patients requires revision of the tuberculosis control strategy and search for new pharmacological agents groups.

Staphylococcal pathogens of chronic relapsing infections, such as cystic pneumosclerosis and osteomyelitis are characterized by atypical morphology of the colonies (atypical variants of staphylococci) and present a subpopulation in clinically significant staphylococci. Since the loss of some phenotypic characteristics important for the genus Staphylococcus due to mutations, identification of such staphylococcal variants is difficult and sometimes impossible. An algorithm of identification of atypical variants of S.aureus (SSCVs) was developed. The advantages of the molecular methods and in particular the tRNA-PCR analysis, as well as the use of the diagnostic preparation Diastaph for correct identification of Staphylococcus atypical variants were shown.

The data on the mechanism of action, efficacy and safety of the drug fingolimod are presented. Further study of the molecular, biochemical and cellular mechanisms of action of pharmacological regulators of phospholipid mediators' signal transduction is an important basis for developing new immunomodulators and antitumor agents.