To lower the toxicity and to prolong the action of the monofluoroquinolone ofloxacin, its water-soluble polymer complexes were developed. Cationic copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP) with 2-aminoethylmethacrylate (2-AEM) and its hydrochloride (2-AEM-HCl), containing 10.9-28.3 mol. % -NH₂ or -NH₃Cl group with the molecular mass (MM) of 10500 to 89000 were synthesized as the complex-forming polymers. The cationic copolymers showed their own antimicrobial activity. The polymer complexes contained 18-36% of fluoroquinolone and had high antimicrobial activity against S.aureus and E.coli, that increased with an increase of the ofloxacin content in the complex and a decrease of its MM. The kinetic studies on the ofloxacin release from its polymer complex with MM of 60000, containing 36% of fluoroquinolone revealed prolongation of the medicinal substance release from the complex in the buffer solution at pH 2.0 and a temperature of 37°C. The acute toxicity tests on mice with intraperitoneal administration of ofloxacin and copolymer VP containing 20.8 mol. % -NH₃Cl group (MM of 51000) s

A concentrate of the fermentation broth of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai F-180, an organism producing L-lysine-α-oxidase, an antitumor and antiviral enzyme, with the activity in the fermentation broth of 0.54-0.56 U/ml was recovered. The effect of the concentrate on the mycoplasmas growth was investigated for the first time. Two representatives of Mycoplasmafaceae, i.e. Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma fermentans and one representative of Aholeplasmataceae. i. e. Aholeplasma laidlawii were used. It was shown that the fermentation broth inhibited the growth of Mycoplasma hominis after the preliminary exposure. The inhibition rate depended on the mycoplasma inoculation dose and the fermentation broth concentration.

The influence of storage of actinobacteria Streptomyces hygroscopicus RIA 1433^T, Nonomuraea roseoviolacea subsp. carminata INA 4281 and Nonomuraea sp. INA 34-06 at extremely low temperatures (-70°С) for 1.5 years was studied with respect to their viability and antibiotic activity. The spores of the actinobacteria preserved their high viability when freezed at a concentration of 10⁵-10⁷ CFU/ml. As for the antibiotic activity against the test culture Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, the strains differed: the S.hygroscopicus RIA 1433^T colonies preserved their antibiotic activity against the test culture, the antibiotic activity of Nonomuraea roseoviolacea subsp. carminata lowered by 5% and that of N. sp. INA 34-06 lowered by 44%. Differences in the resistance of the strains to the storage at the extremely low temperatures were observed when the suspensions contained low concentrations of the spores (10² CFU/ml): S.hygroscopicus RIA 1433^T preserved its viability and antibiotic activity during 1.5 years, while N.roseoviolacea subsp. carminata INA 4281 and N. sp. INA 34-06 lost the viability by the 8th month of the storage. The study showed that 10% glycerol solution used as a cryoprotector during the storage had no effect on viability and antibiotic activity of the actinobacteria.

Analysis of the antibioticograms of 22 strains of Vibrio cholerae non O1/non O139 serogroups (ctxA^- tepA^-) isolated from the environment in the Rostov Region in 2011 showed that all the cultures were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, aminoglycosides, ceftriaxone, trimetoprime/sulfamethoxazole and resistant to levomycetin and furazolidone. 32%, 18% and 9% of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, rifampicin and nalidixic acid respectively. No strains of V.cholerae susceptible to all the tested antimicrobials were detected. 37% of the V.cholerae isolates was resistant to two antibacterials and the others showed multiple resistance and contained 3-6 r-determinants of antibiotic resistance. Since the antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio cholerae non O1/non O139 serogroups are often located on mobile genetic elements (plasmids, interferons, SXT elements), many strains of such organisms, the same as the natural environment, could serve as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance. The presence of antibiotic resistance r-determinants in the investigated strains in various combinations, the antibiotic resistance variability in the isolates collected on the same territory within a relatively short period of time require monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility in them and the use of the antibiotic for the etiotrop-ic therapy only in strict accordance with the antibioticogram of the culture isolated from the concrete patient.

The aim of the study was to estimate the functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes after the contact with MSSA and MRSA. It was determined by luminol-dependent chemoluminescence with stimulation by the priming doses of MRSA and MSSA. The functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes was shown to increase in response to either the resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains or the susceptible ones. It should be indicated that the intensity of the oxygen-dependent phagocytosis in response to MRSA was higher than that to MSSA.

There Is lately observed an increase in the resistance of the main pathogens of urologie infection to β-lactam antibiotics due to production of plasmid-induced в-lactamases. The aim of the study was to reveal types TEM, SHV and CTX-M plasmid β-lactamases among uropathogens. Out of 115 isolates, 30 (26.1%) strains produced β-lactamases. Genes blaTEM and blaCTX-Mwere the most frequent. Most of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin (73.3%), ciprofloxacin (46.7%), levofloxacin (43.3%), gentamicin (40%). The βLES-producing strains were susceptible to meropenem (96.7%), nitroxolin (83.3%), phosphomycin (70%), amikacin (70%). The presence of the resistance genes in the uropathogens was evident of a high rate of their distribution among them by the plasmids. Detection of the plasmid-induced β-lactamases is important for the optimal choice of the antibiotic for empirical therapy.

Viral infections provoke dysbalance in the interferon system and inhibition of the cellular and phagocytic responses of the host. Long-term persistence of pathogenic viruses and bacteria induce atopy and could aggravate chronic respiratory diseases. The up-to-date classification of immunomodulators is described. High efficacy of interferon inductors, such as cycloferon and some others as auxiliary means in therapy or prophylaxis (immunorehabilitation) of viral respiratory infections in adults and children was shown.

The results of the clinico-microbiological investigation of the levofloxacin efficacy in the treatment of 38 patients with respiratory infections or various pyo-inflammatory lesions are presented. The positive results were stated in 29 (76.3%) patients. No adverse reactions were observed.

Two main groups of the Russian etiotropic drugs recommended by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for prophylaxis or treatment of influenza are described in the review, i.e. chemotherapeutics whose targets are various stages of the influenza virus reproduction and interferons and their inductors engaging innate immunity patterns.