The research was carried out on the biosynthesis of antibiotics in cultures of rare actinomycetes, which are of interest as potential producers of new antibiotic substances. Due to the fact that the selected strains were inactive during deep cultivation on liquid nutrient media, the goal was to select the conditions for induction of antibiotic formation in these cultures of actinomycetes. The goal was achieved with the use of adrenaline and potassium salt of indole-3-acetic acid as activators of antibiotic formation.

The aim of the study was to find the antimycotic activity of the probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis 534 under conditions of in vitro cultivation. 36 clinical isolates of pathogenic fungi Candida albicans, C.catenulata, C.glabrata, C.krusei, C.lusitaniae, C.parapsilosis, C.tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichosporon sp. and algae Prototheca sp. were used as test items for the determination of antimycotic activity. Clinical isolates differ in resistance/sensitivity to antimycotics amphotericin, miconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole, with 10 clinical isolates resistant to all five of these drugs. Out of 36 clinical isolates, 34 are sensitive to the culture liquid of the strain B.subtilis 534 and the active components isolated from it. Presumably, in human intestine strain 534 forms antimicrobial compounds that are active against pathogenic fungi, which causes its antimycotic efficacy. The long-term use of Sporobacterin drug, which is a spore suspension of B.subtilis strain 534, in medical practice indicates no side effects.

The adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 25923 and the clinical strains of S.aureus, S.epidermidis on monofilament surgical mesh implants - macroporous polyester and microporous polypropylene in combination with biocides was assessed in an in vitro experiment. Staphylococcus cells adhered to the surface of implant fragments without treatment with biocides within a few hours, and there was no significant effect on the adhesion of the structure or chemical composition of the fiber. Short-term exposure of implants to the solutions of amoxiclav (100 μg/ml) and chlorhexidine (0.5%) led to inhibition of bacterial growth and contamination of the surface for at least two days. In the experiment with vancomycin (100 μg/ml), bacterial cells adhered on the surface of the mesh fragments after 24 h, but their amount was significantly lower than in the control group. It was noted that both implants in combination with chlorhexidine were not contaminated with S.aureus bacteria for 2 days under conditions of a high concentration of cells in the suspension. Regulation of bacterial adhesion using biocidal solutions can be a simple and economical strategy to combat the development of infection in the field of surgical intervention.

Riamilovir (Triazavirin®) Is an original Russian preparation of the azoloazine family, an analogue of the purine nucleoside (guanosine), it belongs to inhibitors of the synthesis of viral RNAs and replicators of genomic fragments. The drug has a wide spectrum of antiviral activity, is effective for a number of acute respiratory viral infections, including influenza A and B, and is included in clinical recommendations for treatment of influenza in adults. The aim of this work is to study the efficacy of a combination of riamilovir and oseltamivir in different doses on a model of viral influenza pneumonia in mice. The efficacy of the drugs was evaluated by increasing the survival rate and reducing the loss of body weight of mice, changing the titer of the virus in the lungs, the morphological state of the lungs, and also increasing the life span of animals compared to control animals that were not treated. In the experimental model of viral influenza pneumonia in mice in two experiments with low and high doses of infection showed with the use of clinical, virological, and morphological parameters that the combination of riamilovir in doses of 12.5 or 25 mg/kg/day with oseltamivir at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of treatment compared to the effectiveness of separate treatment with each drug in the appropriate dose and according to the corresponding scheme. This treatment showed a statistically significant reduction in animal mortality, prevented their loss of body weight, and prolonged life expectancy compared to the control group of animals that did not receive treatment. The combination of riamilov at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg/day with oseltamivir had a therapeutic effect on the morphological state of the lungs. Furthermore, said combinations of drugs significantly reduced the multiplication of the virus in the lungs of animals when infected with a low dose of the virus and suppressed the reproduction of the virus completely at a high dose of infection.

The aim of the study was to determine the mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems in Acinetobacter baumannii strains and give their clonal characteristics by multilocus sequence typing. Materia/s and methods. The authors characterized carbapenem-resistant A.baumannii isolates (CRAB) collected from patients in surgical departments and intensive care units at three hospitals in Moscow in 2012-2015. Sensitivity to carbapenems was determined by the Etest method. Identification of sequence types (ST) was carried out by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) using standard Oxford and Pasteur protocols. Detection of β-lactamase genes was performed by PCR. Resu/ts. Among 88 examined CRAB isolates, the Oxford (^Oxf) MLST protocol identified 15STs of 3 clonal complexes (CCs), including CC92^Ox^f (69%), CC109^Oxf (1%), CC944^Oxf (30%). CC944^Oxf was composed of ST944^Oxf (n=16) and two newly described single locus variants ST1103Oxf (n=3) and ST1104^Oxf (n=7); all three STs were identical to the Pasteur (^Pas) MLST protocol ST78. All CC944^Oxf/ST78^Pas isolates were b/a_OXA-72-positive and all but one of them had a b/a_CTX__M_₁₁₅ gene. ST944^Oxf was the only ST found in each of the three study hospitals. Conc/usion. Our data demonstrate the predominance of two clonal lineages among Carba-NS A.baumannii. One of them, the uncommon b/a_OXA_₇₂/b/a_CTX__M_₁₁₅-positive clone of CC944^Oxf/ST78^Pas, seems to be endemic in Russia.

The article studies the etiologic structure and the level of resistance of significant pathogens of nosocomial infections isolated from patients in the multi-purpose hospitals of Kursk in 2014-2016 in order to determine the significance of microbiological monitoring in the modern system of preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The structure of the clinical flora is dominated by bacterial and Candida-bacterial associations (51.9%), which is not consistent with the results of similar studies. The dominant associates are fungi of the Candida genus (15.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.3%), the third place is occupied by coagulase-negative staphylococci (8.7%). There is a general tendency to increase antibiotic resistance to traditional drugs and significant variability to modern antibiotics, which under modern conditions clearly defines two trends - frequent changes in the species composition of associates and the emergence of the problem of drug resistance. Consequently, the only guideline for the selection of adequate therapy for nosocomial infections should be the data of microbiological monitoring as the main component of HAIs prevention system.

The aim of the study was to simulate the clinical efficacy of antibiotics used in the treatment of acute obstructive bronchitis in children with the use of beta distribution. Material and methods. Materials for the study are based on data of antibiotic therapy of patients hospitalized with acute obstructive bronchitis. The study included clinical records of 1604 patients. The age of the patients ranged from 0 to 18 years. The beta distribution was used to calculate the probability of the clinical outcome, it describes the probabilities for a binominal data array (the «sick-healthy» type) and was limited to an interval from 0 to 1. The parameters of the beta distribution are calculated based on the available experimental data. The probability of occurrence of clinical outcomes (recovery, absence of effect) was used as the input data in the model. Results. Curves for the beta distribution of the clinical efficacy of the analyzed antibiotics were constructed in the course of the study. The minimal and maximal clinical efficacy of the analyzed antibiotics (95% confidence interval) was determined. Conclusions. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that antibiotics-macrolides of the azithromycin group were the most effective from the clinical point of view for in patient treatment of children with acute obstructive bronchitis.

In the 1930s-1940s Professor I. Ya. Postovsky and his students carried out scientific research work on the synthesis of sulfonamides compounds; sulfide, sulfazole, sulfatiazole were obtained. During in this period, Soviet scientists were at the forefront of a new scientific direction. During the Great Patriotic War industrial production of sulfonamide drugs was organized in pharmaceutical factory in the city of Sverdlovsk in a limited time frame, and Professor B. P. Kushelevsky developed treatment with the use of the new medicines. The lives of thousands of wounded soldiers and officers were saved thanks to the joint work of chemists and doctors. The region's first industry-pharmaceutical Institute - the Ural branch of All-Union Chemical and Pharmaceutical Institute n. a. S. Ordzhonikidze - was created in military conditions. I. Ya. Postovsky laid the foundation for the further successful development of the scientific school of pharmaceutical chemistry in the Ural region.